©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
1$
ACT English Practice Test – 45 minutes
Passage I: The Start of the Nuclear Era
On the morning of July 16, 1945, the world
entered the nuclear age. An American-made, plutonium
bomb was detonated in the desert of
New Mexico, and created a force that was large enough
to level a small city. Another version of the bomb, the
uranium version, was considered to be reliable.
Accordingly, the scientists did not
think it was necessary to waste a valuable weapon on a
test run. The plutonium bomb, however, had a more
complex mechanism. The scientists were
concerned that the bomb may not correctly function, so
they wanted to test the bomb before it was used on the
battlefield.
Prior to the test, the scientists had a vast range of
predictions as to what might happen. Due to a fear that
there could be an accident, key
1. A. NO CHANGE
B. An American-made plutonium bomb
C. An American-made plutonium bomb,
D. An American made plutonium bomb
2. F. NO CHANGE
G. gigantic explosion
H. colossal impact
J. ground-shaking devastating destruction
3. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined
portion would NOT be acceptable?
A. As a result
B. Consequently
C. Therefore
D. Nevertheless
4. F. NO CHANGE
G. The plutonium bomb had, nonetheless, a
more complex mechanism.
H. Thus, the plutonium bomb had a more
complex mechanism.
J. The plutonium bomb had a more, however,
complex mechanism.
5. A. NO CHANGE
B. them
C. it
D. the plutonium bomb
6. If the writer were to delete the underlined sentence,
(beginning the paragraph with Due to), the paragraph
would primarily lose:
F. An explanation of what the predictions
about the bomb test involved.
G. An introduction to the topic of the
paragraph.
H. A discussion of the fears that scientists
had prior to the test.
J. A chronology of events leading up to the
test.
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
2$
scientists dissolved over the test area to ensure the
survivability of the research program. There
were reasonable fears, such as whether the
radiation would be sufficiently contained to the test area.
There were also apocalyptic fears, such as whether the
bomb would create a chain reaction that might consume
all the earth.
Then, there were skeptics – lead scientist, Robert
Oppenheimer placed a bet against George Kistiakowky
that the bomb would not work.
The scientists were initially delighted with the
success of the nuclear test. In the coming days, months
and years, this delight turned from a haunting
contemplation. For so long, the scientists had been
consumed with the question of how to build the bomb.
Afterwards, they were more concerned with the question
of why they built the bomb in the first place, unleashing
the terrific yet terrible power of the atom for human use.
7. A. NO CHANGE
B. dissipated
C. diffused
D. dispersed
8. F. NO CHANGE
G. reasonable fears; such as
H. reasonable fears such as
J. reasonable fears. Such as
9. The writer is considering deleting the
underlined portion of the sentence. Should this
portion be kept or deleted?
A. Kept, because it gives a concrete example of
fear faced by the scientists.
B. Kept, because it shows the atmosphere of
excitement surrounding the test.
C. Deleted, because it provides an irrelevant
example.
D. Deleted, because it distracts the reader from
the main idea of the paragraph.
10. F. NO CHANGE
G. skeptics, lead scientist
H. skeptics lead scientist
J. skeptics – lead scientist
11. A. NO CHANGE
B. on
C. to
D. onto
12. F. NO CHANGE
G. Consequently,
H. In contrast,
J. Additionally,
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
3$
To this day, humanity has yet to come to terms
with the nuclear bomb. The scientific discovery of
nuclear fission has provided many nations a clean,
relatively safe power source. The looming threat of
nuclear war, on the other hand, casts a cloud over this
technological breakthrough.
Nuclear fission has provided society with far more
benefits than problems.
13. The author has italicized the words “how” and
“why” in the previous two sentences. Which of the
following is NOT a reason that the author did this?
A. It adds a parallel phrasing to the two
sentences.
B. It underscores the difference in the reasons
behind the two contrasting situations.
C. It highlights the end of the scientists’
concern with the use of the bomb.
D. It provides an emphasis so readers will
stress the words if reading aloud.
14. F. NO CHANGE
G. casted
H. had casted
J. will cast
15. Given that all of the choices are true, which of
the following sentences best concludes the essay?
A. NO CHANGE
B. Only with the passage of time will we see
whether our species can use this awesome power for
good or for ill.
C. Albert Einstein was proven correct in his
admonition to Franklin Roosevelt about the Nazi
threat to build a bomb.
D. Clearly, nuclear weaponry is one of the most
sinister inventions every to be created.
Passage II: Classroom Discipline
[1]
New teachers are often taken by surprise when
they take the helm of their own classrooms. Doing one’s
student teaching assignments, they typically find
themselves in schools with abundant resources, small
class sizes, and engaged students. When new teachers
are able to find a full-time position, however, the schools
at which they find themselves are often less than ideal.
How should new teachers create a supportive yet
structured classroom environment for their students?
16. F. NO CHANGE
G. When they do their student teaching
assignments,
H. In the process of completing their student
teaching assignments
J. When the new teachers proceed to
complete their student teaching assignments,
17. A. NO CHANGE
B. and also
C. while being
D. OMIT the underlined portion
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
4$
[2]
The first way that many teachers approach
classroom discipline is the “permissive” approach. In an
effort to relate to the students, the teachers put up very
few personal barriers. Positive outcomes in contrast
with negative consequences are emphasized. What does
the permissive classroom look like? Teachers let the
students take control, asking for them to act properly
rather than demanding it. Looking at their teachers as
friends, the students do not look at them as authority
figures. Students may like their teachers, but will
probably not respect them. Detentions are not an option,
but extra credit for good behavior is abundant. [20]
Little actual learning can proceed in a classroom like this
since chaos will reign.
[3]
The optimal way to create a disciplined
environment is a balanced approach, known as the
“authoritative” approach. The authoritative teacher
wants neither the fear of her students nor
18. F. NO CHANGE
G. with
H. and
J. over
19. A. NO CHANGE
B. The students often look at their teachers
more as friends than as authority figures.
C. The teachers, while being authority figures,
are looked at more as friends by their
students.
D. The students, who should look at their
teachers as authority figures, instead look at
them as being friends.
20. The writer is considering deleting the phrase “for
good behavior” from the preceding sentence. Should the
writer make this deletion?
F. Yes, because it is irrelevant to the context of
the sentence.
G. Yes, because it gives unnecessary details
that are already clear to the reader.
H. No, because it clarifies the reason that extra
credit would be given.
J. No, because it explains why a detention
would not be given in that situation.
21. A. NO CHANGE
B. authoritative
C. “authoritative disciplinary”
D. authoritarian
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
5$
their affection. Instead, the academic instructor wants
their respect. To avoid the negative consequences of a
permissive approach, clear limits are placed on student
behavior. To avoid the other extreme of an authoritarian
classroom, students are never embarrassed or
humiliated; rather, they are disciplined in a thoughtful,
productive fashion. An authoritative teacher will give
students the choice to behave or not behave,
and if they choose to be disrespectful, a firm and fair
consequence will follow. The authoritative approach is
optimal, because it places the burden of acting
appropriately on the shoulders of the students,
empowering them to monitor their behavior as an
individual.
[4]
Another way of disciplining students is on the other
end of the discipline spectrum – the “authoritarian”
approach. Teachers are extremely strict, creating an
environment of fear among their students. In such a
classroom, teachers will hand out detentions and public
humiliation without any hesitation. While the
permissive approach is associated with the
counterculture movement of
22. F. NO CHANGE
G. they
H. the authoritative teacher
J. he or she
23. Which of the following alternatives to the
underlined portion would be acceptable?
A. humiliated, rather,
B. humiliated rather,
C. humiliated:
D. humiliated. Rather,
24. F. NO CHANGE
G. a fair consequence
H. a firm consequence
J. a consequence
25. A. NO CHANGE
B. independently
C. alone
D. originally
26. F. NO CHANGE
G. spectrum the
H. spectrum; the
J. spectrum, the,
27. A. NO CHANGE
B. have handed
C. do hand
D. had handed
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
6$
the 1960s, in contrast the authoritarian approach is found
in more conservative classrooms that look
to the 1950s with reverence. Yes, there will be less
chaos in a classroom like this. However, students are
often too paralyzed by fear to learn. Furthermore,
students will associate academic life with great
negativity.
28. F. NO CHANGE
G. the 1960s, because the authoritarian
H. the 1960s, the authoritarian
J. the 1960s the authoritarian
29. If the writer were to delete the underlined portion,
what would the essay lose?
A. Addressing a potential objection that the
reader may have.
B. An explanation of the superiority of the
permissive approach over the authoritarian
approach.
C. A detailed comparison of the
counterculture approach versus the more
conservative approach.
D. Nothing – the portion should be omitted.
30. For the sake of the logic and coherence of the essay,
what is the best order of the paragraphs?
F. 1, 2, 3, 4
G. 2, 1, 4, 3
H. 1, 2, 4, 3
J. 3, 1, 4, 2
$
Passage III: My Grandma and the Internet
“You can’t teach an old dog new tricks,” said
my Grandma as I sat down with her to teach her how to
use her new laptop. I decided that
teaching her some new tricks were exactly what I would
do. Grandma was increasingly homebound,
which depressed her since she had no way for
31. A. NO CHANGE
B. we sat down
C. she sat down
D. they sat down
32. F. NO CHANGE
G. was
H. are
J. is
33. A. NO CHANGE
B. have
C. to
D. of
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
7$
going out and about to chat with her friends. [34] After
much nudging, I had convinced her to purchase a laptop
so that she could join the rest of
the 21
st
century world in modern ways of life.
Grandma’s initial apprehension about “all the
internet identity theft you hear about on television” was
replaced with absolute joy as she
discovered social networking websites. Within only a
couple of days of using the laptop, Grandma was able to
connect with many of her friends from
as far back as high school. She laughed as she looked up
the profile of an ex-boyfriend from her college years,
discovering how dreadful the years
34. Where is the most logical place in the preceding
sentence to place the following phrase?
“to no end”
F. After the word “was”
G. After the first “her”
H. After the word “out”
J. After the word “friends”
35. A. NO CHANGE
B. 21
st
century world.
C. world.
D. modern world in 21
st
century technology.
36. If the writer deleted the underlined portion, the
sentence would lose which of the following?
F. A transition from the first paragraph.
G. Specific descriptive material that clarifies
Grandma’s apprehension.
H. An explanation of Grandma’s current
emotional state of mind.
J. An introduction to the theme of the
paragraph.
37. A. NO CHANGE.
B. Grandma
C. While only a brief time transpired, Grandma
D. Within just a few days of utilizing her laptop
computer, Grandma excitedly
38. F. NO CHANGE
G. poor
H. dreadfully
J. well
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
8$
had treated his appearance. [39]
[1] Once Grandma had her social networking fix,
her focus shifted to the online gaming community. [2]
Grandma missed being able to play bridge with some of
her friends in the nearby town, since she was no longer
able to drive her car. [3] The laptop allowed her to play
bridge with people not only in the nearby town, as over
the world. [4] Grandma did enjoy the game, but missed
the interaction with her friends.
[5] Grandma found that she enjoyed the gossip over the
people with whom she played. [6] Also, she complained
about how rude people could be online. [7] When
people do not have to look one another in the eye, it is
extraordinary how gruff they can be.
I am glad that I introduced the power of the World
Wide Web to Grandma; however, I may have unleashed
a monster. Just the other day Grandma checked out my
social networking page.
39. At this point in the essay, the writer wishes to
convey her surprise at the fact that an elderly person was
interested in using social networking sites for immoral
purposes. Given that all of the choices are true, which of
the following best conveys the intent of the author?
A. And I was shocked that my Grandma was
using the internet to reconnect with past
friends.
B. And I could not believe that social
networking would be used by the elderly.
C. And I thought that teenagers were the only
ones who resorted to such cyber-stalking antics.
D. And I was surprised that an older person
would commit shoplifting and identity theft.
40. F. NO CHANGE
G. not only in the nearby town, and all over
the world.
H. not only in the nearby town, but all over
the world.
J. not only in the nearby town but also all
over the world.
41. A. NO CHANGE
B. Grandma discovered that it wasn’t the
game so much as it was the gossip that
delighted her.
C. Grandma discovered that she didn’t like the
gossip as much as she liked the game of bridge
itself.
D. Grandma found that it was the game of
bridge itself that she enjoyed more than
the gossip with her friends.
42. The author is considering adding the following true
quote from Grandma to the preceding paragraph:
“Sometimes they will just get up and leave the
game without even telling you goodbye!”
Where is the most logical place to put this quotation?
F. After sentence 3.
G. After sentence 4.
H. After sentence 6.
J. After sentence 7.
43. A. NO CHANGE
B. Grandma, however
C. Grandma: however,
D. Grandma however
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
9$
Immediately afterwards, she sent me an inquisitive email
wanting to know whether my friend Fred
came from a good family. [45]
44. F. NO CHANGE
G. Consequently,
H. Additionally,
J. On the other hand,
45. Given that all of the following choices are true,
which one best concludes the essay as a whole?
A. Indeed, Fred did come from a good family,
and Grandma discovered she had nothing to
worry about.
B. I knew that, whatever happens, there was no
going back once Grandma had opened the laptop.
C. Nevertheless, I am definitely sad that I
introduced my Grandma to a tool that has
caused her and myself such misery.
D. No matter what, it is clear that Grandma
is far better off with the internet, and my life
is far better with her having it.
$
Passage IV: Terraformation
[1]
For as long as humans have gazed at the stars, man
has wondered what it may be like to one day venture
beyond planet Earth and live elsewhere. The major
obstacle to implementation of these ambitious plans are
that if we live on another planet, we will have to supply
all of our own
food, air and water from Earth, which would
46. F. NO CHANGE
G. so long as humans have gazed on
H. so long as humans have gazed upon
J. as long as humans have gazed towards
47. A. NO CHANGE
B. were
C. is
D. had been
48. F. NO CHANGE
G. food
H. supplies
J. food and water
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
10$
hardly be cost-effective. [49] This problem would be
remedied if we were able to create an Earth-
like planet through planetary engineering, a process
known as “terraformation.”
[2]
[51] It is relatively close, has quite a bit of
water on its poles, and has a solid surface. How
could we change Mars into a planet like our own?
Scientists have all sorts of creative ideas, ranging from
using thermonuclear weapons to releasing carbon
dioxide from the planetary core, to crashing a comet into
the surface of Mars to provide additional water. These
creative ideas are similar to the great ideas of past
scientists like
49. The author is considering placing the following
phrase in the preceding sentence:
“, of course,”
Which of the following is the most logical place to insert
this phrase?
A. After the word “plans”
B. After the word “planet”
C. After the word “water”
D. After the word “hardly”
50. F. NO CHANGE
G. planet, through planetary engineering, a
process
H. planet through planetary engineering a
process
J. planet through planetary, engineering,
a process
51. The author wishes to insert a sentence at this point
that will provide a transition from the previous
paragraph and introduce the topic of the next paragraph.
Given that all of the following are true, which of the
following sentences best accomplishes that task?
A. Planetary engineering is a monumental task to
undertake.
B. The greatest candidate for terraformation is
Mars.
C. Mars, the red planet, is the most fascinating
nearby astronomical body.
D. Mars would be a great planet for this, as long as
additional water can be found.
52. F. NO CHANGE
G. released
H. release
J. have released
53. A. NO CHANGE
B. Therefore, these
C. Consequently, these
D. Nevertheless, these
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
11$
Einstein and Da Vinci. [54] The general idea is that
we would slowly warm up the Martian atmosphere,
gradually populate the planet with
plant life, and set up human habitations eventually.
[3]
Even if humans developed the technology necessary
to transform the atmosphere of another planet, the
question arises: should it be done? Were we to
transform Mars into a miniature Earth, we would likely
destroy any native life that has not
yet been discovered. Also, we would be modifying a
pristine planetary wilderness to make it fit our idea of
what is useful. When we look at how we have modified
the environment on earth, the track record of humans is
not all that great. Then again, if we did terraform Mars,
human life would continue, even in the event of a
horrific tragedy on Earth. For the sake of the survival of
our species, perhaps terraformation is something we
should consider. [59]
[4]
With chronic talks of decreasing the budget for
NASA, and plenty of problems here on Earth, it is
highly unlikely that terraformation will move from
science fiction to scientific reality anytime soon.
54. The author is considering deleting the preceding
sentence. Should the writer make this deletion?
F. Yes, because it repeats information mentioned
elsewhere in the passage.
G. Yes, because it is irrelevant to the subject of the
paragraph.
H. No, because it provides examples of great
scientists who have imagined terraformation.
J. No, because it provides an explanation of the
creative process used to envision terraformation.
55. A. NO CHANGE
B. set up human habitations in the course of
time.
C. eventually set up human habitations.
D. set up, eventually, human habitations.
56. Which of the following would be the best
alternative to the underlined portion?
F. arises. Should it be done?
G. arises, should it be done?
H. arises; should it be done?
J. arises – should it be done?
57. A. NO CHANGE
B. Finally,
C. Accordingly,
D. Sooner or later,
58. F. NO CHANGE
G. it
H. our track record
J. the record
59. Which of the choices would provide an ending
consistent with the paragraph as a whole?
A. NO CHANGE
B. It is clear that terraformation will be disastrous
for both Earth and Mars alike.
C. There is little doubt left that terraformation is the
solution to our demographic problems.
D. Clearly, NASA should shift its focus from
exploration to interplanetary colonization.
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
12$
60. Upon reviewing the essay and finding that some
information has been left out, the writer composes the
following sentence incorporating that information:
“ A project like this would be far more grand than
anything ever attempted by humans, and the estimated
time frame for completion is anywhere from 100 to
1,000,000 years.”
This sentence would most logically be placed after the
last sentence in paragraph:
F. 1
G. 2
H. 3
J. 4
$
Passage V: Gender Roles and Dating
In my parents’ and grandparents’ generations,
the roles that men and women had in dating were clear.
Guys were expected to ask the
girl to go out; and be chivalrous in every way possible:
paying for dinner, holding open doors, and walking the
girl up to her door at the end of the evening. Girls, on
the other hand, had the least to do; they simply had to
look nice
and be ready on time. But with this lack of
61. A. NO CHANGE
B. In my parents and grandparents
generations,
C. In my parent’s and grandparent’s
generations,
D. Many years ago,
62. F. NO CHANGE
G. girl to go out, and being chivalrous
H. girl to go out, and to be chivalrous
J. girl to go out by being chivalrous
63. A. NO CHANGE
B. less
C. fewer
D. lesser
64. F. NO CHANGE
G. and ready
H. and
J. and to strive to be ready
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
13$
responsibility came a lack of power. [65] Women had to
wait to be asked on a date, and had to leave it up to the
guy to plan and pay for an entertaining evening. As
feminism has succeeded
in many of its goals, especially in increasing female
opportunities in the workforce, both positives and
negatives have come about for the modern American
woman in courtship rituals.
For the dilemma of the modern woman, consider
the situation of my twenty-something sister Susan. On
her first date with Jeff, they
arranged to meet for an initial date at a local Mexican
restaurant. After a delightful dinner of fajitas and chips
with guacamole, the waiter brought over the check.
When he lay it on the
table, Susan wasn’t sure whether or not she should offer
to help pay or not. Had Jeff been a titan of industry, she
would not have hesitated to stick him with the bill.
65. The author is considering deleting the preceding
sentence, and starting a new paragraph with “Women
had to wait . . .” Should the writer make this change?
A. Yes, because the first paragraph is about the
gender roles of men, and this would provide a
transition to a paragraph about women.
B. Yes, because the content of the preceding
sentence is irrelevant to the topic of the essay.
C. No, because it provides a transition between the
two parts of the paragraph.
D. No, because it explains how women did not have
power in American society.
66. Which of the following would NOT work as an
alternative to the underlined portion?
F. goals – especially in increasing female
opportunities in the workforce – both
G. goals, increasing female opportunities in the
workforce, both
H. goals, (such as increasing female opportunities
in the workforce), both
J. goals, including increasing female opportunities
in the workforce, both
67. A. NO CHANGE
B. Illustrating the dilemma of the modern
woman,
C. In consideration of the situation of the
modern woman,
D. To understand the dilemma of the modern
woman,
68. F. NO CHANGE
G. on a preliminary outing
H. for an outing
J. OMIT the underlined portion.
69. A. NO CHANGE
B. had lain
C. laid
D. lied
70. F. NO CHANGE
G. whether
H. whether it made sense or did not if
J. if
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
14$
Through the evening’s conversation, however, she had
learned that he was a freelance artist who certainly made
quite a
bit less money than she did as an attorney. Jeff, in the
end, with her offer, refused to split the bill.
[1] As Jeff and Susan continued to see one
another, Jeff became more agreeable to allowing Susan
to pick up the tab now and then. [2] Susan would very
much like to settle down and marry Jeff, but culture
dictates that the man is supposed to ask the woman for
her hand in marriage. [3] My sister feels like her life is
on hold as she is afraid of being thought presumptuous
were she to initiate a marriage conversation. [4] When
one problem is solved, another seems to come in its
place. [5] Jeff, unfortunately, seems to be content to
keep things as they are for the foreseeable future.
So, while the modern American woman has a
better sense of when to pay on a date, she is still stuck
with having to wait on the whims of her significant other
to settle the biggest question of all: “Will we be together
forever”? This question is extremely pressing for
women to solve. $
71. A. NO CHANGE
B. The course of the evening conversation had
provided the revelation that
C. Surprisingly, through the conversation of
the evening,
D. Although she was reluctant to do so,
72. F. NO CHANGE
G. In the end she offered to split the bill but
Jeff refused.
H. Jeff refused, in the end, to split the bill with
her after her offer.
J. In the end, she offered to split the bill, but
Jeff refused.
73. If the writer were to delete the underlined portion,
(ending the sentence with a period after “Jeff”), the
paragraph and essay as a whole would lose:
A. A transition to the following sentence.
B. An explanation of Jeff’s reasons for hesitation.
C. A description of Susan’s anxiety.
D. An introduction to the cultural issues in
relationships.
74. For the sake of the logic and coherence of the
paragraph, where is the best place for sentence 4?
F. Where it is now.
G. After sentence 1.
H. After sentence 2.
J. After sentence 5.
75. The writer is considering deleting the last sentence
of this paragraph. Should the writer make this deletion?
A. Yes, because it repeats a point that has been
implied throughout the paragraph and the essay as a
whole.
B. Yes, because it is unrelated to the topic of the
paragraph and the essay as a whole.
C. No, because it serves to emphasize the
importance of this question to the modern American
woman.
D. No, because it provides a new perspective on the
topic of the essay as a whole. $
©BWS$Education$Consulting,$2016$$www.bwseducationconsulting.com$
$
15$
$Key:$PASSAGE$1$
PASSAGE$2$
1.$$B$
2.$F$
3.$D$
4.$F$
5.$C$
6.$G$
7.$D$
8.$F$
9.$A$
10.$J$
11.$C$
12.$F$
13.$C$
14.$F$
15.$$B$
$
16.$$G$
17.$A$
18.$J$
19.$B$
20.$H$
21.$A$
22.$J$
23.$D$
24.$F$
25.$B$
26.$F$
27.$A$
28.$H$
29.$A$
30.$H$
$