N.T.P SUPPLIED BY THE DEPARTMENT
PRINTED AT GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS, CHENNAI - 600 079.
Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj Department
2020- 2021
Policy Note
Demand No. 42
Thiru. S.P. VELUMANI
Minister for Municipal Administration,
Rural Development and Implementation of
Special Programme
Government of Tamil Nadu
2020
T
S
R
H
U
P
T
H
M
U
A
I
L
R
O
T
N
E
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl.No. TITLE
PAGE
No.
1
Introduction
1
2
Panchayat Raj
13
3
State Schemes
3.1
Chief Minister’s Solar Powered
Green House Scheme
(CMSPGHS)
80
3.2
Rural Infrastructure – Roads
86
3.3
Tamil Nadu Rural Roads
Improvement Scheme (TNRRIS)
92
3.4
NABARD - RIDF
94
3.5
Minor Link Roads
95
3.6
Amma- Adi Dravidar Habitations
Improvement Scheme
105
3.7
Member of Legislative Assembly
Constituency Development Scheme
(MLACDS)
107
3.8
Self Sufficiency Scheme (SSS)
118
3.9
Revamped Comprehensive
School Infrastructure
Development Scheme (RCSIDS)
122
ii
Sl.No. TITLE
PAGE
No.
3.10
Sanitation - Muzhu Sugaathaara
Thamizhagam
124
3.11
Solid & Liquid Waste
Management (SWM) activities in
Rural areas
137
3.12
Maintenance of School toilets
clean, cleaning of Class rooms
and School premises
139
3.13
Tamil Nadu Water Resources
Conservation and Augmentation
Mission- Kudimaramathu
141
3.14
Socio Economic Development
Programme
145
4
Central Schemes
4.1.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Scheme
148
4.2.
Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana
(Gramin)
180
4.3.
Member of Parliament Local
Area Development Scheme
(MPLADS)
183
4.4.
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak
Yojana
(PMGSY)
184
iii
Sl.No. TITLE
PAGE
No.
4.5.
Swachh Bharat Mission
(Gramin)
189
4.6
National Rurban Mission
192
4.7
Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abiyan
(RGSA)
195
4.8
Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
(SAGY)
198
4.9
National Bio-gas and Manure
Management Programme
200
5
Establishment
5.1.
Gazetted Establishment
204
5.2.
Engineering Establishment
206
5.3.
Deputation of Senior officers to
other Departments
209
5.4.
Non-Gazetted Establishment
210
6
Capacity Building
217
7
Tamil Nadu Corporation for
Development of Women
242
7.1
Mahalir Thittam
244
7.2
Tamil Nadu State Rural
Livelihood Mission
246
7.3
Project Activities
250
iv
Sl.No. TITLE
PAGE
No.
7.4
Capacity Building
259
7.5
Skill and Placement Programme
under Deen Dayal Upadhyaya
Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
(DDU-GKY)
264
7.6
Financial Inclusion and Micro
Credit
273
7.7
Livelihoods Promotion
280
7.8
Social Inclusion and Social
Developmentiv
300
7.9
Management Information
System (MIS)
306
7.10
National Rural Economic
Transformation Project (NRETP)
308
7.11
Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana -
National Urban Livelihoods
Mission (DAY-NULM)
311
7.12
Awards to Best CBOs (SHGs and
PLFs) and Bankers
317
7.13
Tamil Nadu State Non-
Governmental organizations and
Volunteers Resource Centre
(TNVRC)
318
v
Sl.No. TITLE
PAGE
No.
7.14
Tamil Nadu Women
Development Mutram Monthly
Magazine
320
7.15
Amma Two Wheeler Scheme for
working women
322
7.16
e-Learning and Community
Digital Radio
324
8
Tamil Nadu Rural
Transformation Project
(TNRTP)
327
9
International Fund for
Agricultural Development
(IFAD) assisted Post-
Tsunami Sustainable
Livelihood (PTSLP)
343
10
Budget for 2020-21
376
11
Conclusion
377
1
1. Introduction
2
RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND
PANCHAYAT RAJ DEPARTMENT
POLICY NOTE -2020-21
Introduction
“The objective of this Government is to
make Tamil Nadu march on the path of
development and to make Tamil Nadu the
numero uno state.”
-Hon’ble Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
Puratchi Thalaivi Amma Avargal
The Government’s endeavour is to provide
basic amenities and infrastructure facilities,
expand livelihood opportunities, improve rural
connectivity, provide rural housing and enable a
clean and sanitized environment in rural areas,
leading to substantial improvement in the quality
of life of the people.
Rural Development occupies one of the
highest priorities of this Government, since the
development of rural areas is indispensable for the
overall develo219pment of the State. Never before
has Tamil Nadu witnessed such huge investment
of funds and introduction of several path-breaking
3
schemes for the comprehensive development of
rural areas in the past nine years.
The Chief Minister’s Solar Powered Green
House Scheme (CMSPGHS) is one of the flagship
programmes of this Government. This has been
formulated to address the gap in housing needs in
rural areas as well as to promote green energy.
This is the first of its kind scheme in India. From
the year 2011-12 to 2019-20, a total of 3.80 Lakh
Green houses were taken at an estimate cost of
Rs.7,620 crore. During the year 2020-21, this
scheme will be implemented with a focus to
saturate the housing needs of all the tribal
households in the state.
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Scheme provides a
number of legal entitlements to rural workers
through a series of provisions in the MGNREG Act
and it is the only social security scheme for
poverty alleviation. The scheme provides
employment for maximum of 100 days for every
rural household willing to do unskilled manual
work on demand.
In Tamil Nadu, more than 65% of the
expenditure under this scheme are related to
4
Natural Resources Management works and more
than 60% of the expenditure are related to
Agriculture & Allied works. Natural Resources
Management works like Check Dam, Farm pond,
Earthen bunding, Stone Bunding, Dug well,
Recharge Shaft, Recharge Pit, Individual and
Community Soak Pit, Continuous Trenches,
Staggered Trenches etc have been taken up under
Mahatma Gandhi NREGS in Tamil Nadu to augment
the Ground Water Recharge and to ensure soil
moisture and water conservation.
Some of the noble objectives and goals of
Sustainable Development of United Nations is
effectively achieved by the successful
implementation of MGNREGS by the State of Tamil
Nadu. The goals of ‘No Hunger’ and ‘No Poverty’ is
achieved through the provision of employment to
the unskilled rural household for a maximum of
100 days in a year thereby plays a vital role in
provision of livelihood for rural poor. ‘Gender
Equality’ is ensured through the disbursement of
equal wages for both men, women without any
disparity of wages among them. ‘Climate Change /
action’ is controlled through the soil and moisture
conservation works like Rainwater harvesting
5
works through earthen bunding, check dams,
renovation / rejuvenation of traditional water
bodies and drought proofing and plantation works
in public and private lands.
Rural road connectivity plays a crucial role in
eradication of poverty in rural areas which is one
of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of
the United Nations. With this objective, the
Government had already announced that "Every
village with the population of more than 500 will
have a black topped road and other habitations will
have an all-weather road”. The objective is to
ensure access to the remotest regions and far
flung areas through all weather roads. In order to
ensure this, the department has taken various
initiatives for the holistic improvement of rural
roads like updating the road statistics, creating an
online road inventory for better planning,
increased allocation of funds by pooling in various
resources, introduction of a comprehensive
scheme called Tamil Nadu Rural Roads
Improvements Scheme and formulation of the
Tamil Nadu Rural Road Maintenance Policy for
proper maintenance of the roads.
6
This Government has also introduced a
special programme called the Amma - Adi Dravidar
Habitations Improvement Scheme for provision of
basic amenities to Adi Dravidar Habitations in an
holistic manner. The Government has set apart
Rs.100 crore every year for this programme.
The Government have taken countless
initiatives to ensure the provisions and availability
of Improved Sanitation facilities in the rural areas.
Steadfast efforts have also been taken to address
the gaps in sanitation coverage. Sanitation
Motivators along with the field functionaries of the
Stakeholder Departments are continuously
involved in Behavioural Change Communication
which has influenced and paved way for achieving
and sustaining the Open Defecation Free (ODF)
status. Resource materials are developed and
Capacity strengthening activities are being carried
out at various levels for effective Inter-Personal
Communication. Besides inculcating the habit of
Safe Sanitation and Personal Hygiene practices
among Children, school toilets are being cleaned
and maintained regularly by engaging sanitary
workers to ensure their healthy learning
environment. Towards establishing and sustaining
7
an effective Solid Waste Management systems,
Thooimai Kaavalars are engaged for collection,
segregation and safe disposal of waste. These
initiatives have brought many accolades to the
State at National level.
Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of
Women (TNCDW) was established on
9th December, 1983 with the prime objective of
socio-economic empowerment of women. TNCDW
was the first and only Corporation established for
the welfare of women in India and has over the
last 35 years implementing various state funded,
centrally sponsored and externally aided projects
with an unwavering focus on SHG Centric-
Community Driven Development (CDD).
Poverty is a multi-dimensional problem and
hence TNCDW follows a multi-pronged strategy to
eliminate poverty from all households in rural and
urban areas and to usher Tamil Nadu into an era
of peace, prosperity and progress as envisioned by
the Hon’ble former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu –
Puratchi Thalaivi Amma.
Today, the Corporation implements the two
flagship poverty alleviation programmes of the
Government i.e., Tamil Nadu State Rural
8
Livelihoods Mission (TNSRLM) and Tamil Nadu
Urban Livelihoods Mission (TNULM). TNSRLM is
being implemented in 12,525 Village Panchayats in
all 388 Blocks of the State. TNCDW through
TNSRLM and its sub-components namely, Deen
Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
(DDU-GKY), Start–up Village Entrepreneurship
Programme (SVEP) and Mahila Kisan
Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) aims at
empowering women and reducing poverty in the
rural areas through a multi-pronged Community
Driven Development (CDD) approach. The
Participatory Identification of Poor (PIP) process
pioneered by the erstwhile World Bank funded
Pudhu Vazhvu Project lays the foundation of the
CDD approach, by which the target people - Poor,
Very Poor, Vulnerable and Differently abled are
identified and assisted. Creating, nurturing and
developing sustainable Community Based
Organizations (CBOs) such as Self Help Groups,
Village Poverty Reduction Committees, Panchayat
Level Federations, Block Level Federations,
Producer Groups, Producer Collections and
Producer Organisations is the main strategy for
livelihood promotion.
9
The Tamil Nadu Urban Livelihoods Mission
(TNULM) is being implemented from the year
2014-15 onwards. The scheme is a centrally
sponsored scheme funded by both the Central and
the State Governments in the ratio of 60:40. It
aims to reduce poverty and vulnerability of the
urban poor households by enabling them to access
gainful self-employment and skilled wage
employment opportunities, resulting in an
appreciable improvement in their livelihoods on a
sustainable basis by building strong grass-root
level institutions of the poor.
Subsequent to the closing of National Rural
Livelihood Project, a new scheme namely NRETP
(National Rural Economic Transformation Project)
has been introduced from the current year
(2019-20) and a financial allocation of
Rs.40.60 crores has been made for the same. This
scheme is being implemented in 5 districts
(Cuddalore, Erode, Salem, Thanjavur & Trichy)
covering 4 blocks in each districts aiming on higher
order interventions in upgrading the livelihoods of
the rural poor.
TNCDW is also the nodal agency for
implementing the Amma Two Wheeler Scheme
10
which is a flagship scheme of the State
Government. It aims to empower working women
by enabling them to purchase women friendly two
wheelers (Mopeds/Scooters) to ease their
commute to their enterprises and places of
employment, banks etc., Every year, one lakh
working women in the age group of 18 to 45 are
being benefited through this scheme both in rural
and urban areas. Priority will be given to women
residing in remote places, hilly regions, women
headed households, deserted women, destitute
widows, differently abled women, unmarried
women aged above 35 years, SC/STs women and
Transgenders. No educational qualification is
required. A maximum subsidy of 50% of the cost
of the vehicle or Rs.25,000, whichever is less, is
provided to purchase a two wheeler. Differently
abled women are eligible for additional subsidy of
Rs.6,250 towards the purchase of retrofitted
vehicle.
The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya – Grameen
Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) facilitates skill
development with placement in the organised
sector for the youth from rural poor families
whereas the Mahila Kisan Shashaktikaran
11
Pariyojana (MKSP) and the Start-Up Village
Entrepreneurship Programme (SVEP) promote
women-centric economic activities and individual
and collective enterprises in the Farm and Non-
Farm sectors. These schemes implemented in
tandem and in convergence with other schemes of
the Government are the bedrock of the Tamil Nadu
Government’s efforts to eliminate poverty.
Tamil Nadu Rural Transformation Project is a
World Bank funded project which is in continuation
of Tamil Nadu Pudhu Vaazhvu Project. The main
objectives of the project are to promote rural
enterprises, access to finance and employment
opportunities in 120 Blocks of Tamil Nadu.
This project is funded by World Bank and State
Government in the ratio of 70:30 at an estimate
cost of Rs.918.20 crore.
Under the capable stewardship of the
Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, the Rural
Development and Panchayat raj Department
rededicates itself to fulfil the mandate with
commitment and conviction to enable Tamil Nadu
to maintain Numero Uno position in the Country
12
13
2. Panchayat Raj
14
2. PANCHAYAT RAJ
Village Council and autonomous community
based governance is an earliest developed and
longest preserved institution in the State. Its
history is as old as Tamil history and is a part of its
tradition and civilization. Since time immemorial,
villages have been the basic units of
administration. It continued to evolve and flourish
through various phases from the Chola period to
the present day. The Uthiramerur inscriptions of
Sri Vaikundavasa Perumal temple in
Kancheepuram District bear testimony to the
existence of Village Councils during the Chola
Empire. There were two assemblies, called Ur and
the Sabha or Mahasabha. The Ur was a general
assembly of the village. The villages were endowed
with autonomy. The affairs of the villages were
managed by an executive committee constituted of
persons owning property and who are elected for a
period of three years. The elections to these
councils were conducted with well laid
‘qualification’ and ‘disqualification’ norms for
contesting through a secret ballot called
‘Kuda Olai Murai’.
15
Article 40 in Part-IV of the Constitution of
Indiawhich enshrines one of the Directive
Principles of State Policy lays down that the State
shall take steps to organise village panchayats and
endow them with such powers and authority as
may be necessary to enable them to function as
units of self-government. The Balwantrai Mehta
Committee constituted by the Government of India
submitted its report in January 1957 and
recommended for the democratic decentralization
of powers among the various institutions of
Panchayat Raj. Since 1960s Panchayats were
established across the State and gained
importance as the grassroot level institution of
governance
Though the Panchayati Raj Institutions have
been in existence for a long time, these
institutions were not been able to acquire the
status and dignity of viable and responsive
people's bodies due to a number of reasons
including insufficient representation of weaker
sections like Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes
and women, inadequate devolution of powers and
lack of financial resources. In the light of the
experience of the functioning of the Panchayats
16
since 1960s and in view of the short-comings
which have been observed, there was an
imperative need to enshrine in the Constitution
certain basic and essential features of Panchayat
Raj Institutions to impart certainty, continuity and
strength to them. Hence the 73rd Constitutional
Amendment Act was passed and it came into effect
from April 1993. Part IX was inserted in the
Constituition as a sequel to the 73rd Constitutional
Amendment and the Panchayats were granted
Constitutional Status.
The Government of Tamil Nadu enacted Tamil
Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994, (Tamil Nadu Act 21 of
1994) which came into force on 22.4.1994. The
1994 Act brought in a number of changes in the
Tamil Nadu Panchayat Raj structure:
• Three Tier System came into existence in Tamil
Nadu.
• “Panchayat” became a generic term for all the
three tiers.
• Members of three tiers of Rural Local Bodies and
Village Panchayat Presidents are directly elected
whereas the Chairpersons of Panchayat Union
Councils and District Panchayats are indirectly
elected from among the elected ward members.
17
All the three tiers of Panchayats are
independent of each other and the Village
Panchayat Presidents are not members in the
Panchayat Union Council.
• Reservation of seats and offices for SCs/STs in
proportion to their population and reservation of
1/3rd of the total number of seats and offices
for women have been mandated. Now, 50% of
the seats and offices of Rural Local Bodies has
been reserved for women vide G.O.Ms. No.60,
Rural Development and Panchayat Raj
(PR-1) Department, dated 23.05.2016
• The rotation of offices in all three tiers will be
done once in 10 years.
• Tamil Nadu State Election Commission was
constituted.
• State Finance Commission is being constituted
quinquennially to recommend the ratio of
devolution of resources from the state
government to the Rural and Urban local bodies.
• District Planning Committee was constituted to
prepare District Development Plan by
consolidating the Development Plans of Rural
and Urban Local Bodies in the districts.
Article 243 G of Constitution of India has
devolved powers, functions and responsibilities to
the Panchayat Raj Institutions. On the basis of
18
this 29 subjects have been listed out in the
XI Schedule of Constitution of India.
2.1. Elections to Rural Local Bodies
2.1.1. State Election Commission
The Tamil Nadu State Election Commission was
established in 1994 as an independent and
autonomous constitutional authority to conduct
elections to both Urban and Rural Local Bodies in
the State. The superintendence, direction and
control of the preparation of electoral rolls are also
vested with the Tamil Nadu State Election
Commission.
2.1.2. State Delimitation commission
Section 28 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act
necessitates the delimitation of territorial wards of
Rural local bodies after every census. In exercise
of the powers conferred by Section 12 of the Tamil
Nadu Delimitation Commission Act, 2017 (Tamil
Nadu Act 23 of 2017) the Delimitation Commission
has been constituted.
Delimitation Commission shall consist of the
following ex-officio members, namely:—
a) The Tamil Nadu State Election Commissioner,
who shall be the Chairman,
19
b) The Director of Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj,
c) The Commissioner of Municipal Administration,
d) The Director of Town Panchayats,
e) The Commissioner of Greater Chennai City
Municipal Corporation,
f) The Secretary, Tamil Nadu State Election
Commission, who shall be the Member–
Secretary
The District Delimitation Authorities/District
Collectors have undertaken the Delimitation
process and the draft delimitation proposals were
displayed in the offices of concerned Rural local
bodies to receive claims and objections from the
general public and political parties.
Regional level sittings were held in Vellore,
Kanchipuram, Thiruchirapalli, Madurai,
Thoothukudi, Coimbatore and Salem by the
Delimitation Commission to hear the views of
general public and political parties regarding the
claims and objections received by the local bodies.
After addressing all the claims and objections,
views and suggestions putforth by political parties
and general public, the delimitation proposals have
been finalized and published in the Distict Gazette
by the District Collectors in December 2018. Based
20
on the Delimitation process ordinary elections to
RLBs of 27 Districts have been completed by the
State Election Commission.
2.1.3. Reservation and Rotation of Seats and
Offices in Rural Local Bodies
As per Article 243D of the Constitution of
India, seats shall be reserved for Scheduled
Castes/Scheduled Tribes in every Panchayat and
the number of seats reserved shall bear, as nearly
as may be, the same proportion to the total
number of seats to be filled by direct election in
that Panchayat as the population of Scheduled
Castes in that Panchayat area or of the Scheduled
Tribes in that Panchayat area bears to the total
population of that area and such seats may be
allotted by rotation to different wards in a
Panchayat.
2.1.4. Enhancement of Reservation of Seats
and Offices for Women in Rural Local Bodies
(50 % Reservation)
The Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 (Tamil
Nadu Act 21 of 1994) provided for reservation of
one third of total number of the seats and offices
for women in Village Panchayats, Panchayat Union
Councils and District Panchayats. The then Hon’ble
21
Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in 2016 considered
that it was necessary to increase the percentage of
reservation for women from one third of the total
number of seats and offices to one half
(i.e. 50 Percent) so as to empower the women and
facilitate the political participation of women in
Local Governance. Accordingly, Government have
enhanced reservation for women in Local Bodies
from one-third to one-half by amending relevant
sections of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994
and Tamil Nadu Panchayats (Reservation of seats
and Rotation of Reserved seats) Rules, 1995 vide
G.O.No.60 Rural Development and Panchayat Raj
(PR-1) Department, Dated 23.05.2016.
Accordingly, 50% of the total seats have been
reserved to the women in the recently held local
body elections for 27 districts.
2.1.5. Conduct of Local Body Elections-2019
In Tamil Nadu, after enactment of Tamil
Nadu Panchayats Act in April, 1994, the first
ordinary elections were held to all the three tiers
of Rural Local Bodies in October, 1996. The
second, third and fourth ordinary elections to the
Local Bodies were conducted in October, 2001,
October 2006 and October 2011 respectively.
22
The State Election Commission issues
notification to the seats (i.e. ward members) and
offices (i.e. heads) of District Panchayats and
Panchayat unions which are held on party basis.
Whereas, the elections to the seats and offices of
Village Panchayats are held on non-party basis.
During 2019, the state government has
trifurcated Vellore district into the districts of
Vellore, Tirupathur and Ranipet; and bifurcated
Kancheepuram district into Kancheepuram and
Chengalpet district. Likewise Villupuram district
was bifurcated into Villupuram and Kallakurichi
district and Tirunelveli district was bifurcated into
Tirunelveli and Tenkasi districts. In total 4 original
districts have been bifurcated / trifurcated into 9
districts. Hence the number of districts in Tamil
Nadu became 36 as against 31.
State Election Commission has conducted
the elections to the Rural Local Bodies in
27 districts as per the orders of Hon’ble Supreme
court. Tamil Nadu State Election Commission
announced a program of election on 07.12.2019 to
Rural Local Bodies in respect of 27 districts.
Accordingly, the elections to RLBs have been
completed as detailed below.
23
Table 2.1
Details of elections conducted for
the three tier Panchayat Raj Institutions
(PRIs) during December 2019
Sl.No.
Details of Posts Number
1. Village Panchayat Ward Members 76746
2. Panchayat Union Ward Members 5090
3. District Panchayat Ward Members 515
4. Village Panchayat Presidents 9624
5. Panchayat Union Chairpersons 314
6. District Panchayat Chairpersons 26
Total 92,315
Table 2.2
Reservation of Offices and Seats for Women,
SCs and STs for Rural Local Body Elections, 2019
Sl.No.
Category of
Reservation
Total No.of
office/ seats
Reserved
for Women
Percentage
Reserved for
SCs
Percentage
Reserved for
STs
Percentage
1.
District Panchayat
Chair persons
27 14 51.85 7 25.99 1 3.70
2.
Panchayat Union
Council Chair
persons
314 157 50.00 76 24.20 5 1.59
3.
Village Panchayat
Presidents
9,624 4,813 50.01 2,352 24.44 144 1.50
4.
District Panchayat
Ward Members
615 264 51.26 121 23.50 7 1.36
5.
Panchayat Union
Ward Members
5,090 2,626 51.59 1,155 22.69 51 1.00
6.
Village Panchayat
Ward Members
76,744 40,734 53.08 19,770 25.26 861 1.12
24
In respect of remaining 9 districts, fresh
delimitation exercises have been carried out by the
Delimitation Commission and after the completion
of delimitation exercise elections to the RLBs will
be conducted as per the directions of Hon’ble
Supreme court of India.
Rural Local Bodies
2.2. Village Panchayats
There are 12,525 Village Panchayats
consisting of 79,394 habitations in the State
spread across 36 rural Districts. The Village
Panchayat President is the Executive Authority of
the Village Panchayat. Every Village Panchayat
unless dissolved shall continue for 5 years from
the date of its first meeting after each ordinary
election. During 2020, a new village panchayat
namely, Karuveppilaipalayam Village Panchayat
has been created in Thiruvennainallur Panchayat
Union of Villupuram District.
In co-ordination with the Director of Census
Operations, the Village Panchayat wise rural
population details as per census 2011 for all the
Village Panchayats were published in August 2014.
The data contains total population of Village
25
Panchayat, SC/ST and Women. The same has also
been uploaded in tnrd.gov.in
Table 2.3
Details of Village Panchayats on the basis of
Population as per 2011 census
Sl. No. Population
No. of Village
Panchayats
1 500 and below 46
2 501-1,000 833
3 1,001-3,000 6,822
4 3,001-5,000 2,781
5 5,001-10,000 1,753
6 Above 10,000 290
Total 12,525
The District wise details of rural population
as per 2011 census are given below:
Table 2.4
District wise Rural Population Details
Sl.
No.
District Rural Population
Scheduled Caste
& Scheduled
Tribe (ST)
1
Kancheepuram
734580 253798
2
Chengalpet
1127209 400366
3
Thiruvallur
1585280 541823
4
Cuddalore
1800133 635870
5
Viluppuram
1722903 555125
6
Kallakurichi
1190057 435472
7
Vellore
862476 247498
8
Ranipet
808534 218568
9
Thiruppathur
811546 204412
10
Tiruvannamalai
2039049 589140
26
Sl.
No.
District Rural Population
Scheduled Caste
& Scheduled
Tribe (ST)
11
Salem
1957105 466879
12
Namakkal
1087895 303517
13
Dharmapuri
1290530 274147
14
Krishnagiri
1465743 241925
15
Erode
1130722 235773
16
Tiruppur
1139466 265486
17
Coimbatore
1021359 233057
18
The Nilgiris
310591 114213
19
Thanjavur
1667809 385756
20
Nagapattinam
1261288 463090
21
Thiruvarur
1006482 389679
22
Tiruchirappalli
1471945 319628
23
Karur
668360 159919
24
Perambalur
468017 152640
25
Ariyalur
671100 173716
26
Pudukkottai
1341111 252397
27
Madurai
1300481 277390
28
Theni
575394 144966
29
Dindigul
1457412 338644
30
Ramanathapuram
1009270 214109
31
Virudhunagar
1286543 316993
32
Sivaganga
952610 188972
33
Tirunelveli
770260 157927
34
Tenkasi
875249 204659
35
Thoothukkudi
971273 250673
36
Kanniyakumari
646441 30439
Total 4,04,86,223 1,06,38,666
2.2.1. District wise rural area details
The total rural area of the State is
1,04,149.92 sq.kms. The district wise rural area
details are given below:
27
Table 2.5
District-wise Area of Village Panchayats
Sl.
No.
District
No. of
Panchayats
No. of
habitations
Average No. of
habitations
Rural Area
(in Sq Km)
Average Area
per Panchayat
(in Sq Km)
1 Kancheepuram
274 1440 5 1539.19 5.62
2 Chengalpet
359 2072 6 2312.56 6.44
3 Thiruvallur
526 3862 7 2859.84 5.44
4 Cuddalore
683 2403 4 2942.24 4.31
5 Viluppuram
688 2371 3 3606.96 5.24
6 Kallakurichi
412 1116 3 2902.47 7.04
7 Vellore
247 1894 8 1207.13 4.89
8 Ranipet
288 2260 8 1620.58 5.63
9 Thiruppathur
208 1955 9 1194.59 5.74
10 Tiruvanna-malai
860 4267 5 4826.27 5.61
11 Salem
385 5109 13 4561.41 11.85
12 Namakkal
322 2520 8 3119.43 9.69
13 Dharmapuri
251 2835 11 4407.43 17.56
14 Krishnagiri
333 3983 12 4965.73 14.91
15 Erode
225 3199 14 2626.99 11.68
16 Tiruppur
265 2455 9 4545.50 17.15
17 Coimbatore
228 1200 5 2534.24 11.12
18 The Nilgiris
35 1282 37 1170.39 33.44
19 Thanjavur
589 2260 4 3657.67 6.21
20 Nagapattinam
434 2054 5 2400.31 5.53
21 Thiruvarur
430 1704 4 2322.69 5.40
22 Tiruchirappalli
404 2210 5 4028.00 9.97
23 Karur
157 2179 14 2656.25 16.92
24 Perambalur
121 314 3 1609.54 13.30
25 Ariyalur
201 710 4 1710.17 8.51
26 Pudukkottai
497 4062 8 4433.78 8.92
27 Madurai
420 1946 5 3183.18 7.58
28 Theni
130 607 5 1159.89 8.92
29 Dindigul
306 3083 10 4401.34 14.38
30
Ramanathapuram
429 2306 5 4116.19 9.59
28
Sl.
No.
District
No. of
Panchayats
No. of
habitations
Average No. of
habitations
Rural Area
(in Sq Km)
Average Area
per Panchayat
(in Sq Km)
31 Virudhunagar
450 1760 4 3282.08 7.29
32 Sivaganga
445 2723 6 3075.90 6.91
33 Tirunelveli
204 1075 5 2277.48 11.16
34 Tenkasi
221 1028 5 2005.58 9.08
35 Thoothukkudi
403 1761 4 4260.78 10.57
36 Kanniyakumari
95 1155 12 626.14 6.59
Total
12,525 79,160 6 1,04,149.92 8.32
2.2.2. Income range of Village Panchayats
The annual income range of the Village
Panchayats are given below on the basis of income
of the year 2019-20:
Table 2.6
Annual Income range of the Village
Panchayats
Annual Income Range No. of Panchayats
Rs.10-20 lakh 6440
Rs.20-50 lakh 5371
Rs.50 lakh – 1 crore 605
Above Rs.1 crore 109
Total 12,525
2.2.3. Grama Sabha
All the registered voters of a Village
Panchayat constitute Grama Sabha, which is
29
provided with specific powers and functions.
Grama Sabha shall statutorily be conducted in
such a way that the intervening period between
two Grama Sabhas shall not exceed a period of 6
months.
Section 3 of Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act,
1994, stipulates that,
(a) The Grama Sabha shall -
(i) approve the village plan
(ii) Approve the village budget for the year;
(ii-a) approve the audit report on the Village
Panchayat accounts of the previous year; and
(iii) Review the progress of the implementation
of all schemes entrusted to the Village Panchayat.
(b) The Government may, by notification,
entrust to the Grama Sabha such other functions
as may be specified.
The Government of Tamil Nadu has made it
mandatory to convene Grama Sabha a minimum
number of 4 times i.e. on 26
th
January, 1
st
May,
15
th
August and 2
nd
October of every calendar
year. Besides, the Grama Sabha can be convened
as and when the necessity arises. The quorum for
the Grama Sabha meeting has been fixed by the
30
Government, based on population of the Village
Panchayat, as given below:
Table 2.7
Quorum for Grama Sabha
Sl.
No.
Population of Village
Panchayat
Quorum
1 Up to 500 50
2 501-3,000 100
3 3,001-10,000 200
4 Above 10,000 300
Recording of the proceedings through proper
registers and keeping of photographic records
have been made mandatory for the conduct of
Grama Sabha.
2.2.4. Statutory Functions of the Village
Panchayat
Section 110 of Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act,
1994 mandates that it shall be the duty of the
Village Panchayat to undertake the following
requirements in rural areas:-
i) Construction, repair and maintenance of all
village roads (other than those classified as
Highways and Panchayat Union roads), all
bridges, culverts and cause-ways
ii) Street lights in built up areas.
31
iii) Construction of drains and disposal of
drainage.
iv) Cleaning of streets and improvement of
sanitary conditions through Solid Waste
Management activities.
v) Provision of public latrine.
vi) Provision of burial and cremation grounds.
vii) Supply of drinking water.
viii) Maintenance of community assets.
ix) Sinking and repairing of wells, the excavation,
repair and maintenance of ponds
x) Other duties that the Government may by
notification impose.
2.2.5. Discretionary Functions
Section 111 of Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act,
1994 warrants Village Panchayats to carry out the
following requirements, which are deemed to be
discretionary functions of the Village Panchayats
subject to the limits of its resources:
i) Planting and preservation of trees
ii) Lighting of public roads and public places other
than built-up areas
iii) Opening and maintenance of public markets
iv) Control of fairs and festivals
32
v) Opening and maintenance of cart stand and
cattle sheds, public slaughter houses and
reading rooms
vi) Formation and maintenance of play grounds,
parks and gyms, etc.
2.2.6. Drinking Water Supply
Provision of drinking water supply is the
basic duty of the Village Panchayat. Hand pumps
and Power pumps are the major sources of
drinking water supply and Over Head Tanks
(OHTs), Ground Level Reservoirs (GLRs) and mini
tanks are the major water storage structures in
the Village Panchayats. The number of water
supply sources in operation in rural areas are
given below:
Table 2.8
District wise details of Water Supply sources
and Schemes in operation
Sl.
No
District
No. of
Hand
Pumps
No. of
Power
Pumps
No. of
Mini
Power
Pumps
No. of
CWSS
No. of
Pancha
yats
covered
with
CWSS
1 Kancheepuram 2346 2012 2053
9 38
2 Chengalpet 4123 2948 3628
11 28
3 Thiruvallur
4299 3717 2427 9 36
4 Cuddalore
8621 4267 3359 12 60
5 Viluppuram
8253 3953 7909 3 17
33
Sl.
No
District
No. of
Hand
Pumps
No. of
Power
Pumps
No. of
Mini
Power
Pumps
No. of
CWSS
No. of
Pancha
yats
covered
with
CWSS
6 Kallakurichi
6357 2192 4354 8 60
7 Vellore
1856 2870 4956 8 21
8 Ranipet
2531 1884 3295 5 10
9 Thiruppathur
2627 2365 4275 7 15
10 Tiruvannamalai
11449 5115 8123 25 240
11 Salem
5215 5624 4543 9 262
12 Namakkal
2643 4738 2342 12 298
13 Dharmapuri
10869 4324 6125 8 66
14 Krishnagiri
9022 4603 4733 18 93
15 Erode
3970 4941 1670 41 197
16 Tiruppur
2308 4663 1088 17 265
17 Coimbatore 1160 2951 710 9 228
18 The Nilgiris
19 1112 132 1 4
19 Thanjavur
6389 5368 3194 6 90
20 Nagapattinam
20039 2072 2340 12 291
21 Thiruvarur
12901 2752 1413 4 96
22 Tiruchirappalli
8797 4425 4965 25 327
23 Karur
3372 2938 2978 12 92
24 Perambalur
3249 792 1160 4 96
25 Ariyalur
1167 1585 1462 7 168
26 Pudukkottai
6233 4312 5712 46 208
27 Madurai
2761 3893 3899 7 182
28 Theni
561 913 1330 24 106
29 Dindigul
967 4811 3685 32 116
30 Ramanathapuram
788 1333 1248 52 429
31 Virudhunagar
10839 4936 6046 12 153
32 Sivaganga
4229 3315 5963 34 138
33 Tirunelveli
2162 1883 2026 12 186
34 Tenkasi
1735 1513 2375 14 202
35 Thoothukkudi
10958 2349 2535 22 354
36 Kanniyakumari
221 1422 1760 13 44
Total
1,85,036 1,14,891 1,19,813 550 5,216
34
2.2.7. Installation of LED lights in Rural Areas
Section 110 of Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act,
1994, mandates that maintenance of street lights
in rural area is one of the statutory duties of
Village Panchayats.
Approximately 35% of income is spent
towards Electricity consumption charges. To
ensure energy efficiency, durability and effective
management, Government has switched over to
Light Emitting Diode (LED) Lights. The then
Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu has
announced on 03.09.2015 and 29.08.2016 under
rule 110 that street tube lights will be replaced
with LED lights.
The LED lights installed in the place of tube
lights have five years warranty. To ensure proper
and regular monitoring of the rural street lighting
system, pole numbering was done in all the poles
of the entire Village Panchayats. The pole
numbering consists of District code, Block code,
Village code, Habitation code etc. and the
replacement of lights and functional status of LED
lights are regularly monitored.
35
As of now, there are 20.79 lakh street LED
lights have been replaced in Rural areas. Due to
this an amount of Rs. 407.53 Crore has been
saved in respect of current consumption charges.
2.2.8. Sanitation – Maintaining Cleanliness
and Hygiene in Rural areas
It is mandatory for the Village Panchayat to
provide hygienic condition and cleanliness in rural
areas. In this connection, following activities are
performed by Village Panchayats.
i) Cleaning of streets and Panchayat roads
ii) Construction and cleaning of drains and
proper disposal of drainage water
iii) Removal of rubbish heaps and jungle growth
iv) Maintenance of public toilets
v) Construction and maintenance of burial and
cremation grounds
vi) Filling up of unused wells, insanitary ponds,
pools, ditches, pits or hollows.
For maintaining the cleanliness in rural
areas, 26,622 sanitary workers are engaged. Now,
solid waste management activities are being
carried out in the Village Panchayats by engaging
66,130 workers through Village Poverty Reduction
36
Committees as ThooimaiKavalars. The
remuneration for those ThooimaiKavalars is being
met out from state finance commission
devolutionary grant.
2.2.9. Preventive and control measures of
Epidemics
Panchayat Raj Institutions work in
coordination with Health and Family Welfare
Department in maintaining cleanliness to prevent
the outbreak of epidemics.
To prevent the spread of epidemics in rural
areas, the following activities are under taken.
i) Awareness generation through IEC activities
among the public on epidemics by all means
of communication and Community Based
Organisations (CBOs).
ii) Periodic cleaning of Over Head Tanks
(OHTs), Ground Level Reservoirs (GLRs) and
Hand Pump platforms in rural areas and
providing drinking water with effective
chlorination.
iii) Daily monitoring of line list of fever cases
reported in both Government and Private
hospitals by Health and Family Welfare
37
Department and taking appropriate action at
the field level.
iv) Panchayat Unions engage Mazdoors
depending upon requirement to work under
the control of the Block Medical Officers
(BMOs) to undertake intensive control and
preventive measures.
2.3. Resources
In the State, among the three tiers of Rural
Local Bodies, Village Panchayat is the only body
empowered to levy and collect taxes. The Village
Panchayats receive revenue from the following
sources:
a) Tax Revenue
b) Non Tax Revenue
c) Grants
2.3.1. Tax Revenue
Village Panchayats are entitled to get tax
revenue such as
i. House / Property Tax
ii. Professional Tax
iii. Advertisement Tax
38
i) House / Property Tax
Section 172 of Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act,
1994 empowered the Village Panchayats to levy
House Tax/ Propoerty Tax. Every building
constructed in the rural areas is levied House Tax /
Property Tax by the concerned Village Panchayat.
The Guidelines for assessment of House Tax is
given in the G.O. Ms. No. 255, RD & PR Dept.,
Dated 13.12.1999. Self financing unaided
institutions are subjected to levy of Property tax
from the year 2008-09 onwards. The District wise
house tax and property tax collection for the year
2019-20 are as below:
Table 2.9
District wise House tax and
Property tax Collection for the year 2019-20
Sl.
No.
Name of the
District
House
tax
Property tax
from Self
Financing
Educational
Institutions
Total
(Rupees in Crore)
1
Kancheepuram
10.92
1.30
12.22
2
Chengalpet
21.33
1.86
23.19
3
Thiruvallur
19.24
2.45
21.69
4
Cuddalore
8.85
0.58
9.43
5 Viluppuram 3.94 0.26
4.20
6 Kallakurichi 3.11 0.22
3.33
7 Vellore 2.89 0.36
3.25
39
Sl.
No.
Name of the
District
House
tax
Property tax
from Self
Financing
Educational
Institutions
Total
(Rupees in Crore)
8 Ranipet 2.32 0.21
2.53
9 Thiruppathur 1.34 0.96
2.30
10 Tiruvannamalai 6.65 0.72
7.37
11 Salem 7.52 2.07
9.59
12 Namakkal 3.36 2.11
5.47
13 Dharmapuri 3.25 0.39
3.64
14 Krishnagiri 7.19 0.45
7.64
15 Erode 6.97 1.57
8.54
16 Tiruppur 8.37 0.53
8.90
17 Coimbatore 16.57 1.97
18.54
18 The Nilgiris 2.89 0.13
3.02
19 Thanjavur 11.37 0.81
12.18
20 Nagapattinam 3.78 0.30
4.08
21 Thiruvarur 2.79 0.18
2.97
22 Tiruchirappalli 6.98 1.01
7.99
23 Karur 4.31 0.64
4.95
24 Perambalur 2.06 0.49
2.55
25 Ariyalur 4.32 0.24
4.56
26 Pudukkottai 4.78 0.65
5.43
27 Madurai 7.86 0.54
8.40
28 Theni 2.56 0.21
2.77
29 Dindigul 10.36 0.77
11.13
30 Ramanathapuram 5.52 0.29
5.81
31 Virudhunagar 8.38 0.62
9.00
32 Sivaganga 5.01 0.21
5.22
33 Tirunelveli 3.84 1.04
4.88
34 Tenkasi 2.76 1.08
3.84
35 Thoothukkudi 6.22 0.23
6.45
36
Kanniyakumari
4.12
0.59
4.71
Total
233.73
28.04
261.77
40
ii) Professional Tax
Section 198B of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats
Act, 1994 provides for the levy and collection of
professional tax payable by the employees from
their salaries or wages and the employer has to
deduct the same and remit to the concerned
Village Panchayats. The Village Panchayats are
empowered to collect professional tax and
appropriate the tax amount in to Village Panchayat
Fund. Accordingly, during 2019-20, an amount of
Rs.117.19 crore was collected.
Table 2.10
District wise Professional tax Collection for
the year 2019-20
Sl. No. Name of the District
Collection
(Rs. in Crore)
1 Kancheepuram 15.78
2 Chengalpet 10.67
3 Thiruvallur 4.52
4 Cuddalore 3.35
5 Viluppuram 3.77
6 Kallakurichi 2.68
7 Vellore 2.34
8 Ranipet 2.69
9 Thiruppathur 1.12
10 Tiruvannamalai 4.42
11 Salem 4.53
12 Namakkal 3.05
41
Sl. No. Name of the District
Collection
(Rs. in Crore)
13 Dharmapuri 2.05
14 Krishnagiri 3.13
15 Erode 3.25
16 Tiruppur 2.18
17 Coimbatore 6.54
18 The Nilgiris 0.52
19 Thanjavur 2.67
20 Nagapattinam 2.13
21 Thiruvarur 1.73
22 Tiruchirappalli 4.12
23 Karur 1.93
24 Perambalur 0.43
25 Ariyalur 2.35
26 Pudukkottai 2.54
27 Madurai 3.18
28 Theni 1.31
29 Dindigul 2.88
30 Ramanathapuram 3.26
31 Virudhunagar 3.52
32 Sivaganga 2.63
33 Tirunelveli 1.15
34 Tenkasi 1.08
35 Thoothukkudi 2.99
36 Kanniyakumari 0.71
Total 117.19
iii) Advertisement Tax
In exercise of the powers conferred by
section 172, 220 and 242 of the Tamil Nadu
Panchayats Act, 1994, Rural Local Bodies are
empowered to levy Advertisement Tax.
42
Tamil Nadu Panchayats (Licensing of Hoardings
and Levy and Collection of Advertisement Tax)
Rules, 2009, laid rules that the Government by its
order shall fix the minimum and maximum rates of
annual rent to be collected from the licensees for
the erection of hoarding in rural areas. The
Executive Authority concerned shall collect the
annual rent and credit into the General Fund of the
respective rural Local Body.
2.3.2. Non-Tax Revenue
The Village Panchayats are entitled to get
revenue from the following sources as non-tax
revenue:
i) Licensing fee for building plan and layout
approval
ii) Fees and charges on Dangerous and
Offensive trades
iii) Market fee
iv) Water charges
v) Fee on cart stand
vi) Social Forestry auctions
vii) Fishery rentals
viii) 2-C patta fee
ix) Income from markets and fairs
x) Fee from ferries
xi) Fines and penalties
43
xii) Mines and Minerals seigniorage fee and
lease amount
i) Layout and Building plan approval
Tamilnadu Combined Development and Building
Rules, 2019 have been notified in the Tamilnadu
Government Extraodirnary Gazette No. 43, Dated:
04.02.2019.
The competent authority for issuing of
building permit is the executive authority of local
body or any agency or person to whom the powers
to implement the rules have been delegated by the
executive authorities.
ii)Regularization of Unapproved Plots and
Layouts Rules, 2017
The Government felt that, it is important to
regularise the plots in such unapproved layouts or
sub-divisions so as to protect the interests of the
innocent purchasers and to provide basic
infrastructure facilities to them. So the
Government has ordered to regularize the
unapproved layouts and plots in the unapproved
layouts as a one time oppurtnity.
In exercise of the powers conferred by
section 113 of the Tamil Nadu Town and Country
Planning Act,1971 (Tamil Nadu Act 35 of 1972),
44
the Governor of Tami Nadu hereby exempts all
unapproved layouts, where any or all plots are
sold and registered on or before the 20th October
2016 and all unapproved plots which are sold and
registered on or before the 20th October 2016
from the operation of all the provisions of the
Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act,1971
and makes the rules for regularization of such
unauthorized layouts and plots under section 122
of the said Act.
1. Regularisation of unapproved individual plot
in a sub division or layout.
2. Regularisation of unapproved layout.
Block Development Officer is a competent
Authority for regularisation of unapproved
individual plot in a sub-division or layout in Village
Panchayats after the clearance by Directorate of
Town Country and Planning.
iii) Water Charges
The Village Panchayats are levying water
charges to individual house service connections in
rural areas. A deposit of Rs.1000 is collected from
the individual by the Village Panchayat to provide
water connection. The individual also has to
45
make payment of Rs. 50 every month as water
charges. Accordingly, a sum of Rs.91.28 crore has
been collected as water charges for the year
2019-20.
2.3.3. Pooled Assigned Revenue (PAR)
The assigned revenues due to Rural Local
Bodies from the proceeds of surcharge on stamp
duty is being pooled at the State level for
apportioning the same to the Village Panchayats
and Panchayat Unions.
Accordingly, the Government have sanctioned
from the proceeds of surcharge on stamp duty to
the tune of Rs. 1053 crore as Pooled Assigned
Revenue for the year 2019-20 as detailed below:
1. One third (1/3) of total allocation an amount of
Rs.351 crore has been apportioned to the
Village Panchayats and the Panchayat Unions in
the ratio of 67:33 based on rural population as
per 2011 census i.e. Rs.234 crore for Village
Panchayats and Rs.117 crore for the Panchayat
Unions respectively as untied amount.
2. The balance two third (2/3) amount of
Rs. 702 crore has been earmarked for ‘Fund for
the Priority Schemes in rural areas’ for
46
implementing proposed specific development
schemes in the rural areas.
2.3.4. Scheme Component of Pooled Assigned
Revenue (SCPAR)
Scheme component of Pooled Assigned
Revenue is part of the Pooled Assigned Revenue.
In this component, certain ratio of Pooled Assigned
Revenue is set apart for taking infrastructure
works at the state level.
The Committee under the Chairmanship of
Additional Chief Secretary to Government, Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj Department is
empowered to approve the works to be taken
under the ‘Scheme Component of Pooled Assigned
Revenue’. A sum of Rs.702 crore has been
allocated for the year 2019-20 under this
component for the execution of infrastructure
works such as construction of Panchayat Union
Office Buildings, Bridges, Roads, etc.
Integrated Office Buildings for Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj department
offices at district level have been sanctioned from
the year 2017-18. 5 Buildings with a total cost of
Rs. 32.81 crore for the year 2017-18. 6 buidings
with a total cost of Rs. 38.10 crore for the year
47
2018-19 and 3 buildings with an approximate total
cost of Rs. 21 crore for the year 2019-20 under
the Scheme Component of Pooled Assigned
Revenue have been alloted. Details of building
allotted during the year are given in the following
table:
Table 2.11
Details of Integrated Office Buildings for RD&PR
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
Theni Kanchipuram Tiruchirappalli
Villupuram Tiruvallur Krishnagiri
Virudhunagar Tiruvannamalai Tirunelveli
Nagapattinam Sivagangai
Vellore Madurai
Tiruvarur
2.4. Grants to Rural Local Bodies (RLBs):
i) State Finance Commission Grant:
The State Finance Commission has been
constitued in Tamil Nadu regularly once in 5 years
as mandated by 73rd Amendment to the
Constitution of India and Section 198 of the Tamil
48
Nadu Panchayats Act 1994. Major responsibilities
of the State Finance Commission are:
1. Distribution of the net proceeds of taxes, duties,
tolls and fees leviable by the Government
between the State and the Panchayats.
2. Determination of taxes, duties, tolls and fees,
which may be assigned to the Panchayats.
3. Grants to the Panchayats from the consolidated
fund of the State.
4. Measures needed to improve the financial
position of the Panchayats.
As per the provisions of the
73rd Constitutional Amendment, Tamil Nadu was
one of the first State to establish the State Finance
Commission vide G.O.Ms.No.350, Finance
Department, Dated 23.04.1994. So far, five State
Finance Commissions have been constituted for
devolution of funds to the Local Bodies.
2.4.1. Fifth State Finance Commission
The Tamil Nadu is one of the States in India
the State Finance Commissions are constituted as
stipulated in the Constitution. The Fifth State
Finance Commission constituted by the State
Government has given its report with the
49
recommendations in the month of December 2016
for the award period between 2017 and 2022. The
Government has accepted the recommendations of
5
th
State Finance Commission and accordingly,
action taken report on the recommendations of the
Fifth State Finance Commission was tabled in the
Legislative Assembly on 24
th
March, 2017. The
following are the major recommendations for
which orders are issued by the Government.
a) 10% of State’s own Tax Revenue (SoTR) will be
devolved to Rural and Urban Local Bodies.
b) Devolution grant will be shared in the ratio of
56:44 between Rural and Urban Local Bodies.
c) The vertical sharing ratio among three tiers of
Rural Local Bodies shall be 8:37:55 for District
Panchayats, Panchayat Unions and Village
Panchayats.
d) Minimum lumpsum Grant to the village
Panchayats increased from Rs.5 lakh to
Rs.7 lakh per year from the year 2017-18.
e) Minimum Lumpsum Grant to Panchayat Unions
increased to Rs.40 Lakhs per annum per
Panchayat Union.
50
f) Horizontal Distribution of SFC devolution to
Rural Local Bodies will be done on the basis of
the following formula:
a) Population as per 2011 census : 60%
b) Area : 15%
c) SC/ST population : 15%
d) Per capita consumption
Expenditure Distance : 10%
g) Capital Grant Fund has been established to
replace the infrastructure Gap Filling Fund,
which aggregates 20% of the devolution
intended for Rural Local Bodies.
h) Pooled Fund for Deficit Rural Local Bodies has
been created with the aggregate 10 % of
overall devolution intended for Rural Local
Bodies.
The Government has provided (Budget
estimate) Rs.6,573 Crore as grant to Rural Local
Bodies for the year 2019-20.
2.4.2. Capital Grant Fund (CGF)
The 5
th
State Finance Commission has
recommended for creation of Capital Grant Fund
with the aggregate of 20 % of the overall
devolution to Rural Local Bodies. Of this fund,
51
20% shall be set apart for taking up projects which
are deemed to be of importance at the state level.
These works shall be identified and approved by a
committee comprising of the Secretary to
Government, Rural Development and Panchayat
Raj, Director of Rural Development, a
representative of the Finance Department and
Member secretary, State Planning Commission.
The Balance 80% will be distributed district wise,
based on the formula adopted for horizontal
distribution among District Panchayats. The
allocation of these funds project wise shall be
decided by the District Planning Committee based
on detailed guidelines to be issued by the RD & PR
Department in consultation with Finance and
Planning and Development Department.
2.4.3. Pooled Fund for Deficit Rural Local
Bodies
A 10 % of the overall devolution intended
for Rural Local Bodies be credited into a Pooled
Fund for deficit RLBs. 40 % of the amount
available in this fund, i.e. 4 percent of the overall
devolution intended for RLBs, will be disbursed in
the first three years of the award period by the
Director of Rural Development & PanchayatRaj
52
only amongst those Panchayat Unions and Village
Panchayats which have been in deficit for at least
3 of the last 5 years. 20% of the fund will be
retained by DRD&PR and 20% distributed among
the District Collectors based on the horizontal
District Panchayat wise share. These funds will be
utilized by DRD&PR to provide grant to those
Village Panchayats and Panchayat Unions who
have special problems which can not be addressed
under any of the existing transfer mechanism.
20% of the Pooled fund for deficit Rural Local
Bodies will be provided to TWAD board to meet the
deficit on Combined Water Supply Schemes
(CWSS).
2.4.4. Central Finance Commission Grant
The 14
th
Central Finance Commission has
recommended Grants-in-aid to the Village
Panchayats as Basic Grant and Performance
Grant.Out of the total grants-in-aid to Village
Panchayats, 90% of the Grant will be the Basic
Grant and 10% will be the Performance Grant. The
share of Tamil Nadu under the above components
to Village Panchayats for the period from 2015-16
to 2019-20 is given below:-
53
Table 2.12
Central Finance Commission Grant
(Rs. in crore)
Grants
2015-
16
2016-
17
2017-
18
2018-
19
2019-
20
Total
(2015-
20)
Basic
Grant
(Rs.)
947.65 1312.19 1516.12 1753.87 2369.86 7899.69
Perfor-
mance
Grant
(Rs.)
-- 172.12 194.78 221.20 289.64 877.74
Total
947.65
1484.31
1710.90
1975.07
2659.50
8777.43
(i) 14
TH
Central Finance Commission Basic
Grant
For the year 2018-19 an amount of
Rs.1753.87 crore has been released to Village
Panchayats. All the amount basic grant has been
distributed to the Village Panchayats on the basis
of population to perform their basic functions such
as operation and maintenance of water supply,
street lights and sanitation, payment of current
consumption charges to TANGEDCO and water
charges to TWAD Board.
(ii) 14
th
Central Finance Commission
Performance Grant
The 14
th
Central Finance Commission has
recommended a detailed procedure and
operational criteria, including quantum of
incentives to be given for the distribution of
54
performance grant to the Village Panchayats.
The incentives are to be decided by the State
Governments concerned, subject to the following
eligibility conditions:-
The Village Panchayats shall fulfill the
mandatory conditions to avail the Performance
Grant for the year 2017-18. i.e., submission of
audited accounts and increase in Own Source
Revenue (OSR) as prescribed by FFC, with the
maximum cap of 5 times the basic grant
allocation for the respective year to Village
Panchayats
Accordingly, notification has been published in
Tamil Nadu Government Gazette extraordinary vide
No.95, dated: 28.02.2019.
2.4.5. Preparation of Village Panchayat
Development Plan
As per section 240 of Tamil Nadu
Panchayats Act, 1994 every Village Panchayat will
prepare a development plan for the Village
Panchayat every year. Participatory planning
process is important for ensuring fair, transparent
and effective utilization of funds and other
resources. With this focus the Government of
Tamil Nadu have issued a detailed guidelines vide
G.O (Ms) No.34, Rural Development and
55
Panchayat Raj (PR1) Department, Dated
02.03.2016 for utilization of the Fourteenth
Finance Commission Grant through grass root level
planning.
The Government of India in partnership with
the State Governments organised People’s Plan
Campaign from 2nd October to 31
st
December
2019 for preparing Village Panchayat Development
Plan (VPDP) for the next financial year.
According to the guidelines issued by
Government of India and Government of Tamil
Nadu the Village Panchayat Development Plan,
planning process has to be comprehensive and
based on participatory process which involves full
convergence with Schemes of all departments
related to 29 subjects listed in the Eleventh
Schedule of the Constitution. The People’s Plan
Campaign was an intensive and structured
exercise for planning at Grama Sabha level
through convergence between Panchayat Raj
Institutions (PRIs) and concerned Line
Departments.
As part of this Campaign, Social and
Economic assessment of all Village Panchayats in
the State was undertaken. This exercise was
56
undertaken by Tamil Nadu State Rural Livelihoods
Mission in the Mission Antyodaya app, by
appointing Community Resource Persons (CRP).
The CRP team collected information from the
officials of the line departments, PRIs, CBOs etc
and will also go around the village and collected
information and assess the gap.
A special Grama Sabhas were held in all
Village Panchayats for the finalization of the Village
Panchayat Development Plan for the next financial
year. In this special Gram Sabha, all
developmental needs of the Village Panchayat and
the gaps were discussed. As per the guidelines
issued by Government of India the field level
workers of the line department gave a brief
structured presentation regarding the activities of
their respective department.
The field level workers made public
disclosure before the Gram Sabha regarding
progress of activities being implemented in the
current year along with fund utilization for the
same, as well as activities proposed to be taken up
during the next year and funds to be allocated for
the same. The public disclosure in the form of
57
statement is to be submitted to the Gram
Panchayat for incorporating in the GPDP plans,
once the same is approved by the Gram Sabha.
2.5. Panchayat Union
At the intermediate level, there are 388
Panchayat Unions (Block Panchayats) in the State.
The Panchayat Union, otherwise called as Block
Panchayat is divided into territorial wards for a
minimum of every 5,000 population. The
Panchayat Union ward members are directly
elected from territorial wards and the Panchayat
Union Chairperson is elected indirectly from among
ward members.
Table 2.13
Details of Panchayat Unions based on
Number of Village Panchayats
Range of Village Panchayats
in
Panchayat Unions
Number of Panchayat
Unions
10 & Less than 10
23
11
-
20
80
21
-
30
82
31
-
40
83
41
-
50
66
51 and above
54
Total
388
58
The District wise details of Panchayat
Unions, Village Panchayats and area are given
below:
Table 2.14
District-wise details of Panchayat Unions
Sl.
No.
District
No. of
Panchayat
Unions
No. of Village
Panchayats
Average No. of
Panchayats per
union
Rural Area (in
Sq. km)
Average Area
per Panchayat
Union (in Sq.
km)
1
Kancheepuram 5 274 55
1539.19
121.47
2
Chengalpet 8 359 45
2312.56
174.80
3
Thiruvallur 14 526 38
2859.84
204.27
4
Cuddalore 14 683 49
2942.24
226.33
5
Viluppuram 13 688 53
3606.96 201.20
6
Kallakurichi 9 412 46
2902.47
94.68
7
Vellore 7 247 35
1207.13
62.35
8
Ranipet 7 288 41
1620.58
74.41
9
Thiruppathur 6 208 35
1194.59
64.36
10
Tiruvannamalai 18 860 48
4826.27
268.13
11
Salem 20 385 19
4561.41
228.07
12
Namakkal 15 322 21
3119.43
207.96
13
Dharmapuri 10 251 25
4407.43
550.93
14
Krishnagiri 10 333 33
4965.73
496.57
15
Erode 14 225 16
2626.99
187.64
16
Tiruppur 13 265 20
4545.50
349.65
17
Coimbatore 12 228 19
2534.24
211.19
18
The Nilgiris 4 35 9
1170.39
292.60
19
Thanjavur 14 589 42
3657.67
261.26
20
Nagapattinam 11 434 39
2400.31
218.21
21
Thiruvarur 10 430 43
2322.69
232.27
22
Tiruchirappalli 14 404 29
4028.00
287.71
23
Karur 8 157 20
2656.25
332.03
59
Sl.
No.
District
No. of
Panchayat
Unions
No. of Village
Panchayats
Average No. of
Panchayats per
union
Rural Area (in
Sq. km)
Average Area
per Panchayat
Union (in Sq.
km)
24
Perambalur 4 121 30
1609.54
402.39
25
Ariyalur 6 201 34
1710.17
285.03
26
Pudukkottai 13 497 38
4433.78
341.06
27
Madurai 13 420 32
3183.18
244.86
28
Theni 8 130 16
1159.89
144.99
29
Dindigul 14 306 22
4401.34
314.38
30
Ramanathapura
m
11 429 39
4116.19
374.20
31
Virudhunagar 11 450 41
3282.08
298.37
32
Sivaganga 12 445 37
3075.90
256.33
33
Tirunelveli 9 204 23
2277.48
103.69
34
Tenkasi 10 221 22
2005.58
99.18
35
Thoothukkudi 12 403 34
4260.78
355.07
36
Kanniyakumari 9 95 11
626.14
69.57
Total
388
12,525
33
1,04,149.92 270.52
The Block Development Officer (Block
Panchayat) is the Executive Authority of the
Panchayat Union. He is assisted by administrative
and technical wings. According to section 112 of
the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 Panchayat
Union Council performs the following important
functions:-
1. Construction, repair and maintenance of
classified Panchayat Union roads and bridges,
culverts and causeways on such roads.
60
2. Construction and maintenance of Panchayat
Union Elementary and Middle Schools.
3. Construction and maintenance of water bodies
i.e., Minor irrigation tanks, ponds and ooranies
under the control of Panchayat Unions.
4. Taking preventive and remedial measures to
control any epidemic outbreak.
5. Conducting fairs and festivals classified by the
Panchayat Union Council.
6. Opening and Maintenance of Panchayat Union
Markets.
As per section 114 of the Tamil Nadu
Panchayats Act, 1994 the Government may
entrust schemes, programmes and activities to
Panchayat Unions for economic development, for
execution and implementation.
2.5.1. Finance
1. The Panchayat Union Council cannot levy taxes.
2. It can avail non-tax revenues, assigned/shared
revenues such as a portion of the pooled
assigned revenue, fees and charges, rentals,
fines and penalties.
3. The Grants of State Finance Commission which
consists of Population Grant and Minimum
Lumpsum Grant released to Panchayat Unions.
61
As per Fifth State Finance Commission’s
recommendation, Minimum Lumpsum Grant is
increased to Rs.40 Lakhs per annum per
Panchayat Union.
2.5.2 Infrastructure of Panchayat Unions
All the 385 Panchayat Unions have
permanent office buildings. The aged and
dilapidated buildings are reconstructed under
Scheme Component of Pooled Assigned Revenue
(SCPAR) and 99 Panchayat Union Office Buildings
have been built with an estimated cost of
Rs.206.23 crore between the year 2011-12 and
2018-19.
2.5.3. Water Source Structures
Ponds and Ooranies and Minor Irrigation
Tanks in rural areas are some of the important
assets of Rural Local Bodies. The District wise
number of Ponds/Ooranies and MI tanks are given
below:
Table 2.15
District wise details of Ponds / Ooranies and
MI Tanks
S.No. District MI Tanks
Ooranies /
Ponds
1 Kancheepuram 379
2079
2 Chengalpet 642
2488
62
S.No. District MI Tanks
Ooranies /
Ponds
3 Thiruvallur 657
3189
4 Cuddalore 219
2559
5 Viluppuram 361
1814
6 Kallakurichi 794
3299
7 Vellore 130
624
8 Ranipet 202
1431
9 Thiruppathur 240
267
10 Tiruvannamalai 1277
4328
11 Salem 193
566
12 Namakkal 128
596
13 Dharmapuri 546
504
14 Krishnagiri 1071
1301
15 Erode 22
623
16 Tiruppur 0
1101
17 Coimbatore 9
620
18 The Nilgiris 0
0
19 Thanjavur 52
3470
20 Nagapattinam 0
4620
21 Thiruvarur 0
4164
22 Tiruchirappalli 1118
1798
23 Karur 107
832
24 Perambalur 132
1219
25 Ariyalur 471
1780
26 Pudukkottai 3976
5356
27 Madurai 903
2287
28 Theni 26
465
29 Dindigul 1060
1529
30 Ramanathapuram 932
3519
31 Virudhunagar 719
2962
32 Sivaganga 4224
4430
33 Tirunelveli 333
177
34 Tenkasi 409
479
35 Thoothukkudi 402
1498
36 Kanniyakumari 211
197
Total 21,945
68,171
63
2.6. District Panchayat
There are 36 District Panchayats. District
Panchayat has been constituted in each District as
per section 24 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act,
1994. The ward members are elected directly
whereas the Chairperson is indirectly elected from
among the ward members.
In continuation of creation of 5 new revenue
districts, five new District Panchayats namely
Chengalpattu, Kallakurichi, Tirupathur, Ranipet
and Tenkasi District Panchayats have been
constituted by reorganizing the Blocks from the
erstwhile districts. These District Panchayats will
become functional immediately after the
forthcoming elections to these Rural Local Bodies.
A Secretary in the cadre of Assistant
Director from the Department of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj is appointed in
each District Panchayat and assisted by the
supporting staff. The District Panchayat constitutes
the following Standing Committees to coordinate
with the line departments such as:
1. Food and Agriculture
2. Industries and Labour
64
3. Public Works
4. Education
5. Health and Welfare including Prohibition
The District Panchayat may constitute
additional standing committees for such purposes
as it deems fit. Each Standing Committee shall
elect its own Chairperson from among its members
who are elected members of the District
Panchayat. The Chairperson of the District
Panchayat shall be the ex-officio member in all the
Standing Committees.
2.6.1. Functions
1. Preparation of development plan for the
District.
2. Compilation of administration reports of Village
Panchayats and Panchayat Union Councils in
the District and preparation of Annual Report
for the District.
3. Planning and review of the schemes of
Agriculture and Land Development, Animal
Husbandry, Dairy, Poultry, Fisheries and Rural
Industries.
65
4. Planning and review of rural housing
programme, in particular, the housing for
SCs/STs.
5. Identification of major water supply schemes.
2.6.2. Finance
The District Panchayat has no taxation
powers. The State Finance Commission Grant is
the main source of revenue. In certain District
Panchayats, income from their own properties like
lands and buildings, constitute the major source of
income. 8% of the rural share of Devolution Grant
is given to the District Panchayats, which is
released on a monthly basis.
2.6.3. District Planning Committee
The institution of District Planning
Committee is envisaged in the 74
th
Constitutional
Amendment Act 1992 and the District Planning
Committee has been constituted in all the
31 Districts. District Panchayat Chairperson is the
Chairperson and District Collector is the Vice
Chairperson of the Committee. MPs, MLAs and the
representatives of Local Bodies are appointed as
members subject to the norms and ceiling
prescribed. The functions of the District Planning
Committee are:
66
1. Collection, Compilation and Updation of
information on the natural resources of the
district to create a comprehensive database for
decentralized planning.
2. Identification of priority needs.
3. Determination of policies, programmes and
priorities for development of the district.
4. Consolidating the plans of rural local bodies and
urban local bodies for the preparation of district
plan. This consolidated plan facilitates the State
Planning Commission in preparing State Plan.
5. Monitoring and Evaluation of various
developmental programmes in the district.
6. Encouraging the participation of Voluntary
Organizations in the development process.
7. Advising the State Government in the
implementation of State Schemes.
8. Any other function that may be entrusted by the
State Government.
In addition to the functions mentioned
above, as per the recommendation of the Fifth
State Finance Commission, Government by its
order created the Capital Grant Fund with
67
aggregate of 20 percent of the overall devolution
to Rural Local Bodies. Of this fund, 80% will be
distributed district wise, based on the formula
adopted for horizontal distribution among District
Panchayats. The allocation of these funds project
wise shall be decided by the District Planning
Committee based on the detailed guidelines issued
by the RD & PR Department in consultation with
Finance and Planning and Development
Department.
2.7. Public Financial Management System
(PFMS)
The Rural Local Bodies undertake various
functions to provide and maintain basic amenities
and infrastructural development works for the
benefit of the rural community from own source of
revenue and also from the grants received from
both Central and State government.
The Government of Tamil Nadu has evolved
efficient financial management systems and
procedures for PRIs and has issued detailed
guidelines for budgeting, accounting, book
keeping, transactions, audit, etc.
68
There is a need to effectively monitor the
transactions and the expenditure of PRI accounts
on a real time basis so as to improve efficient fund
utilization.
Therefore all accounts maintained by Village
Panchayats and all Grant and Own Source
Revenue accounts of the Block Panchayats and
District Panchayats have been brought under
Public Financial Management System (PFMS).
PFMS is a common electronic platform for
complete tracking of fund flows from the
Government to large number of programme
implementing agencies until it reaches the final
intended beneficiaries or vendors.
In this regard, Governement has issued
orders vide G.O.(Ms) No. 104 Rural Development
and Panchayat Raj (PR-1) department,
dated: 26.07.2018 and G.O.(Ms) No. 133 Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj (PR-1)
department, dated: 18.09.2018 for effective
implementation of PFMS in RLBs.
36 District Panchayats, 388 Block
Panchayats, 12,525 Village Panchayats are treated
as individual agency and registered in the PFMS
69
Platform at State, District, Block and Village
Panchayat level.
2.7.1. Advantages of PFMS
It enables real time monitoring of disbursements
and utilization of funds and also provides
decision support system across departments,
institutions and offices.
It tracks any unnecessary parking of funds by
the implementing agencies.
Minimizes the delay and pending payments.
It promotes transparency and tangible
improvements in the overall financial
management and implementation of various
schemes.
It ensures plugging of leakages and eliminating
ghost beneficiaries.
2.8. Ban on one time use and throwaway
Plastics
The Hon’ble Chief Minister has made an
announcement under rule 110 on the floor of the
Assembly on 05.06.2018 that there will be ban on
production, storage, usage, etc., of one-time use
and throwaway plastics in the State with effect
from 01.01.2019.
70
In continuation to the above, the
Government under Environment (Protection) Act,
1986 has issued orders banning the one-time use
and throwaway plastics irrespective of thickness
with effect from 01.01.2019 and the same has
been published in the Tamil Nadu Government
Gazette vide Tamil Nadu Government Gazette
No.226, Dated: 27.06.2018.
Tamilnadu Act No. 13 of 2019 has been
enacted to amend section 243 and 244 of Tamil
Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 and inserted new
schedule to impose penalties for breach of
byelaws.
According to section 244 (1) of the Tamil
Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994, the Panchayat may
make bye-laws for carrying out any of the
purposes for which it is constituted and for the
prevention of storage, supply, transport, sale and
distribution of use and throwaway plastics.
Under section 244 (2-A) of the Tamil Nadu
Panchayat Act, 1994, the Panchayat has been
enabled to make a bye-law to provide that any
person who commits the breach in the matter
relating to the use of one time use andthrowaway
71
plastics shall be liable to pay by way of penalty
such sum as fixed by the Panchayat not exceeding
the amount specified in the Schedule III-A.
Table 2.16
Schedule III-A Penalties for breach of by – laws
made under section 244 (2-A)
Sl.
No.
Offences
Fine for
first time
offence.
Fine for
second
time
offence
Fine for
third time
offence
1.
Storage, supply.
Transport, sale and
distribution of use and
throwaway plastics.
Twenty five
thousand
rupees.
Fifty
thousand
rupees.
One lakh
rupees
2.
Use and distribution of
use and throwaway
plastics in large
commercial
establishments like
malls, textile shops
and super markets.
Ten
thousand
rupees.
Fifteen
thousand
rupees.
Twenty five
thousand
rupees.
3.
Use and distribution of
use and throwaway
plastics in medium
commercial
establishments like
grocery shops and
pharmaceuticals
shops.
One
thousand
rupees.
Two
thousand
rupees.
Five
thousand
rupees.
4.
Use and distribution of
use and throwaway
plastics in Small
commercial vendors.
One
hundred
rupees
Two
hundred
rupees
Five
hundred
rupees
72
There are 42 Plastic Shredding units functioning
in Rural areas. The shredded pellets are mixed
with tar for laying eco-friendly roads. Since
2011-12, 8,312 MT of quantity of plastic pellets
have been used to lay 7,764 Roads covering
13,985 kms.
Total number of 12120 Awareness campaigns &
IEC activities conducted regarding Ban on one time
use and throwaway plastics in rural areas.
Shops/Commercial Establishments are inspected
by field officials and 88.21 MT Quantum of banned
plastics have been seized and fine imposed to the
defaulters to the tune of Rs. 16.81 Lakhs as on
31.12.2019.
2.9. Industrial Building permit through Single
Window portal of MSME Department
Tamil Nadu Business Facilitation Act and
Rules 2018, stipulates the time line for uploading
of inspection remarks / raising queries and issuing
of industrial building permit and licence.
For this purpose, Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises Department has introduced single
window portal for issuing industrial licencing. After
launching of Single Window portal, the applications
73
are received only through online from the financial
year 2018-19. The portal developed by MSME
Department is being used by the Block officials of
Rural Development and Panchayat Raj to enter the
remarks based on field inspection and records.
As per the Business Facilitation Rules, 2018,
inspection report / queires has to be uploaded in
the single window portal within 7 days. If the
applicant fulfills all the requirements, the demand
will be uploaded in the portal by the Block
Development Officer. Once the fee is remitted by
the applicant through online, the approval should
be accorded within 14 days.
2.10. Jal Jeevan Mission
Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) has been launched
in partnership with States, to enable every
household in villages to have Functional Household
Tap Connection (FHTC) in the next 5 years
(2020 - 2025). It is envisaged that with FHTC,
each household will have potable water supply in
adequate quanty of prescribed quality on regular
and long-term basis. To implement the mission,
institutional arrangements at various levels have
74
been made and State level Departments are to
play a crical role. To implement the scheme,
certain committees have to be been constituted at
the State level, District level and Village Panchayat
level. The scheme will be implemented by
convergence of both Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj Department and Tamil Nadu Water
supply and Drainage (TWAD) Board.
At the Village level, provision of Functional
HouseHold Tap Connection will be monitored by
Village level water and sanitation Committee. To
implement the scheme, the detailed guidelines will
be issued.
2.11. Bio-Diversity Management Committee
(BMC)
Section 41 (1) of the Biological Diversity act,
2002, stated that every local body shall constitute
a Biodiversity Management committee within its
area for the purpose of promoting conservation,
sustainable use and documentation of biodiversity.
As per Rule 22 of the Biological Diversity Rules
2004 and Rule 20 of the Tamil Nadu Biological
Diversity Rules, 2017, the Biodiversity
Management Committee (BMC) should be
75
constituted. This committee should be constituted
in all three tiers of RLBs.
The Biodiversity Management Committee as
constituted under sub-rule (1) shall consist of a
Chairperson and not more than six persons
nominated by the local body, of whom not less
than one-third should be women and not less than
18% should belong to Scheduled Castes/
Scheduled Tribes. Village Panchayat President will
be ex-officio member of this Committee.
2.12. Awards
Various awards have been instituted by the
Government of India to motivate and felicitate the
initiatives and efforts taken by the three tiers of
Panchayat Raj Institutions.
2.12.1. e-Panchayat Puraskar Award, 2018
e-Panchayat puraskar Award is given by the
Government of India to the States. e-Panchayat is
one of the Mission Mode Projects under National
e-Governance plan to transform the functioning of
Panchayat Raj Institutions to be more transparent,
accountable and making them effective organs of
decentralized self-governance. Tamil Nadu has
76
been awarded First prize under the category II-A
of e-Panchayat Puraskar Award for effective
implementation of ICT Tools.
2.12.2. Panchayat Sashaktikaran Puraskar
(PSP) awards
Panchayat Sashaktikaran Puraskar (PSP)
awards have been instituted by the Ministry of
Panchayat Raj, Government of India with a view to
support, encourage and facilitate the State to
devolve more functions, functionaries and finances
to the Panchayats and build their capacities. Every
year 1 District Panchayat, 2 Panchayat Unions and
6 Village Panchayats have been awarded for their
outstanding performance. From 2011 onwards
Tamil Nadu has received 69 Awards.
2.12.3. Rashtriya Gaurav Grama Sabha
Puraskar (RGGSP)
RGGSP has been instituted by the Ministry of
Panchayat Raj, Government of India from the year
2012 to encourage and honour the Gram
Panchayats for their outstanding performance
through effective Grama Sabha. From 2012
onwards Tamil Nadu has received 7 Awards.
77
In the year 2019 Ravanapuram Village Panchayat
of Tiruppur District has been selected for this
award.
2.12.4. Child Friendly Village Panchayat
Award
This Award has been instituted by the
Ministry of Panchayat Raj, Government of India
from the year 2019 to encourage and honour the
Gram Panchayats for their contribution towards
the welfare of child friendly activities. In the year
2019, Patteeswaram Village Panchayat of Tanjore
District has been selected for Child Friendly
Village Panchayat Award.
78
79
3. State Schemes
80
3.1. Chief Minister’s Solar Powered Green
House Scheme (CMSPGHS)
Objective of the scheme
The flagship scheme of Government of Tamil
Nadu, Chief Minister’s Solar Powered Green House
Scheme (CMSPGHS) was launched by Government
of Tamil Nadu in the year 2011 to provide pucca
houses with basic amenities to all the poor living in
rural areas along with Solar Powered Home
Lighting System. Under this free housing scheme,
three lakh Green houses were constructed at an
estimated cost of Rs.5,940 crore between 2011-12
and 2015-16.
The scheme is predominantly beneficiary
oriented and the unit cost provided under the
scheme is higher than other rural housing schemes
and it is a very popular scheme among the people
of Tamil Nadu. Hence, this scheme was extended
for another five years for the benefit of the poor in
rural areas and with unit cost of Rs.2.10 lakh
(Rs.1.80 lakh for house construction and
Rs.0.30 Lakh for Solar Powered Home Lighting
System) fully funded by State Government. It was
proposed to construct one lakh Green houses over
a period of five years at the rate of 20,000 houses
81
every year commencing from the year 2016-17.
Besides construction works, the installation of
solar home lighting system is also executed
through Rural Development and Panchayat Raj
Department.
Salient features of the Scheme
Each house is built with an area of
300 square feet at an unit cost of
Rs.2.10 lakh fully funded by the State
Government. Out of this, Rs.1.80 Lakh is
allotted for construction and is Rs.0.30 Lakh
for Solar Powered Light.
The construction of house is being carried
out by the beneficiaries themselves.
The installation of Solar Powered lights will
be taken up by the Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj Department.
Each house has a living room, bed room,
kitchen, toilet and verandah along with rain
water harvesting structure.
Each house is provided with 5 Solar Powered
Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights, one each
in bed room, living room, kitchen, toilet and
verandah. Each beneficiary is given the
option to have an electric connection
82
powered by TANGEDCO, which will be
metered.
The payment of bills for the construction
work done by the beneficiaries are credited
directly to the beneficiaries' bank account in
the following four stages:
1. Basement level
2. Lintel level
3. Roof laid stage
4. Completion stage
Green Houses are constructed either in situ
(replacing his/her existing dwelling
structure) or on the land owned by the
beneficiary elsewhere in the Village
Panchayat.
Convergence with MGNREGS
In addition to the unit cost, as a
convergence measure, each beneficiary is
paid the notified wage rate in force under
MGNREGS towards the utilization of
90 persondays for the construction of the
house. (90 x Rs.229 = Rs.20,610)
Further, a sum of Rs.12,000 is provided to
the beneficiary for construction of Individual
83
House Hold Latrine (IHHL) in convergence
with MGNREGS.
Apart from these, cement is provided to the
beneficiaries at subsidized rate. Further
steel, doors & windows are also provided
based on the need of the beneficiaries and
the proportionate cost for supply of
materials is deducted from the payments
due to the beneficiaries.
Eligibility of the Beneficiaries
The beneficiary should;
Be a poor and resident of the Village
Panchayat concerned.
Should not own any other pucca concrete
house in the village or elsewhere.
Should not have been benefitted under any
other housing scheme of the Government.
Own a site of not less than 300 sq.ft. area.
Have clear title for the site/house in the
name of the head of the family or any other
member of the household.
Mode of Selection of Beneficiaries
The beneficiaries are selected from the poor
and priority is given for the PIP list prepared
by erstwhile PVP, TNSRLM.
84
The list is prioritized depending on their
vulnerability and is subjected to the
approval of Grama Sabha.
While preparing the list of beneficiaries,
priority should be given to differently abled,
widows, destitute and deserted women,
women headed families, Ex-servicemen and
retired members of the Paramilitary forces,
families having severely malnourished
children (as identified by the ICDS
Department), transgenders, HIV/AIDS/TB
affected persons who are certified by the
Deputy Director (Health Services) concerned
and victims of natural calamities such as
fire, flood, etc., Priority shall also be given to
households having a mentally challenged
person in the family.
Out of the total allocation of 20,000 houses
in a year, 29% is allotted to Scheduled
Castes i.e., 5,800 houses, 1% is allotted to
Scheduled Tribes i.e., 200 houses and the
remaining 70% is allotted to others (other
than SC/ST) i.e., 14,000 houses.
4% of the District-wise allocation is reserved
exclusively for differently abled persons
across all categories.
85
Achievements under CMSPGHS
3,40,000 Green Houses have been
constructed at a total estimate cost of
Rs.6,780 crore from the year 2011-12 to
2017-18.
40,000 Green Houses have been taken up at
a total estimate cost of Rs.840 crore for the
year 2018-19 and 2019-20. Out of this,
16,047 houses have been completed and the
remaining houses are under progress at
various stages.
Further, under this scheme 20,000 houses
will be taken up for construction including
8,803 houses for the tribal families to ensure
100% coverage at a total estimate cost of
Rs.420 crore for the year 2020-21. The
amount of Rs.30,000 per house intended for
installation of Solar lights will be merged
with the civil construction cost of the house
and the overall cost of construction per
house will now be Rs.2.10 lakh.
Affordable and clean energy is one of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the
United Nations. Solar energy is sustainable,
renewable and affordable which reduces the
dependence on conventional electricity sources.
86
The Solar lights installed in Green houses is a
clean energy source which is eco-friendly and
promote the green energy in rural areas.
The houses constructed under CMSPGHS act as a
source of Green energy and considerably
contribute for the achievement of one of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of United
Nations.
3.2. Rural Infrastructure – Roads
The Rural Roads consisting of Village
Panchayat and Panchayat Union Roads are under
the purview of the Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj Department. The section 110 and
112 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994
ordains that the Village Panchayat and Panchayat
Union roads are to be maintained by the
respective Village Panchayats and Panchayat
Unions.
The rural road network has grown
exponentially in the last decade and has increased
by about 45%. The Government has long
recognized the importance of rural roads, since
these roads serve as lifelines for the rural people
by providing them access to various socio-
economic services like health, education and
87
markets. Thus, the Government has been
according special focus for the improvement and
maintenance of the rural roads through various
measures, as detailed below:
i. Increased allocation of funds for the
improvement of Village Panchayat and
Panchayat Union roads from various State
and Centrally sponsored schemes.
ii. Segmental approach towards improvement
of rural roads based on the surface condition
of the road.
iii. Prioritization based on roads connecting
unconnected habitations, Link roads
connecting amenities like Markets, Shandies,
Schools, Colleges, Hospitals, Bus plying
roads and interconnecting link roads etc.,
iv. Consolidation of road network data by
updating all the missed out roads in rural
areas and periodically updating newly
formed roads and also assigning each Village
Panchayat and Panchayat Union road with a
unique ‘Road Code’.
v. Upgradation of Village Panchayat and
Panchayat Union roads as Other District
Roads (ODRs).
vi. Construction of roads using various Research
& Development technologies.
88
Considering the continuous evolution of the
rural road network, the updation of the list of
Village Panchayat and Panchayat Union Roads is a
continuous process. The current status of Village
Panchayat and Panchayat Union Roads are given
below:
Table 3.1
Panchayat Union and Village Panchayat
Roads
Sl.No Type of Surface
Panchayat
Union
Roads
Village
Panchayat
Roads
Total
Length in ‘Km’
1 Black topped 26,471
72,065
98,536
2 Cement concrete 308
3,313
3,621
3 Double layer WBM 144
1,936
2,080
4 Single Layer WBM 365
8,417
8,782
5 Gravel 162
4,756
4,918
6 Earthen 994
29,619
30,613
Total 28,444
1,20,106
1,48,550
The Government had announced that
“Important bus plying local body roads will be
upgraded and reclassified as Other District Roads
(ODR)”. Accordingly, 4,822 Km length of roads
have been handed over to Highways department
for upgradation as ODRs. As on date, there are
1.48 Lakh Km length of Village Panchayat and
Panchayat Union roads. The complete details of
the Village Panchayat and Panchayat union roads
are available in the tnrd.gov.in website.
89
Since 2011, considerable improvements have
been made in the rural road network which is
evident from the following,
a) About 46,000 Km length of roads has been
included as Village Panchayat and Panchayat
Union roads including 6,000 Km length of single
layer WBM roads formed under MGNREGS.
b) 29,910 Km length of Non-BT roads have been
upgraded to BT standards.
c) 42,254 Km length of damaged BT roads have
been strengthened.
d) 18,109 Km existing BT roads have been
resurfaced.
e) 1,885 Km length of roads have been sanctioned
using various R&D technologies and in addition
to this 14,216 Km length of roads has been
taken up using waste plastic.
f) Sanctions accorded for construction of 1,358
high level bridges and causeways in Village
Panchayat and Panchayat Union roads.
g) An amount of Rs.20,153 crore sanctioned for
improving 90,273 Km length of village
panchayat and panchayat union roads.
90
Components of Rural Roads Improvement
The following components are taken up in the
improvement of rural roads:
1. Upgradation of Non-Black Topped (Non-BT)
roads to Black Topped (BT) Roads.
2. Strengthening of existing damaged BT
roads.
3. Maintenance and renewal of the existing BT
roads.
1. Upgradation of Non-BT roads to BT
Roads
The upgradation of important Non-BT roads as
BT roads is taken based on priority considering
various factors like connectivity, utility services
connected etc. In the last 9 years, 29,910 Km
length of Non-BT roads have been taken for
upgradation at a cost of Rs.7,025.38 crore.
2. Strengthening of damaged BT roads
The existing BT roads which have completed
their design life and require strengthening to cater
to the existing traffic conditions are taken under
this category. In the last 9 years, about 42,254
Km length of roads have been taken under this
category at a cost of Rs.11,164.84 crore.
91
3. Maintenance and renewal of the Black
Topped roads
The roads which have completed 5 years
after last improvement are taken for periodic
surface renewal. In the last 9 years, the
department has taken 18,109 Km length of BT
roads for renewal under this category at a cost of
Rs.1,962.52 crore.
The funds required for Rural Roads
improvement are being met from various schemes
like Tamil Nadu Rural Roads Improvement Scheme
(TNRRIS), Scheme Component of Pooled Assigned
Revenue (SCPAR), NABARD-Rural Infrastructure
Development Fund (RIDF), Pradhan Mantri Gram
Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MGNREGS), State Finance Commission Grants,
Central Finance Commission Grants and other
state schemes.
Bridges and Causeways
The bridges on Village Panchayat and
Panchayat Union roads were being constructed
through Highways Department. However, in the
last 9 years, this department has been taking up
construction of major bridge works under various
92
schemes. In the last 9 years, the department has
sanctioned 658 high level bridges at a total cost of
Rs.955.60 Crore under various State and Central
schemes and 700 minor bridges and causeways
were taken at an estimate cost of Rs.210.59 Crore
under MGNREGS. Totally, 1,358 bridges and
causeways were taken at a cost of Rs.1,166.19
crore as given below:
Table 3.2
Details of Bridges and Causeways taken up
since 2011-12
Sl.
No
Year
No. of works taken
up
Amount
(Rs. In crore)
1 2011-12 30 45.74
2 2012-13 27 31.22
3 2013-14 93 116.40
4 2014-15 113 155.85
5 2015-16 64 112.62
6 2016-17 79 137.48
7 2017-18 65 88.22
8 2018-19 422 221.65
9 2019-20 465 257.01
Total 1,358 1,166.19
3.3. Tamil Nadu Rural Roads Improvement
Scheme (TNRRIS)
The vast network of rural roads in Tamil
Nadu requires optimized funding so that there is a
balance between maintenance of existing roads
and construction of new roads.
93
In order to ensure this, the Government
introduced a comprehensive scheme during the
year 2015-2016 called the Tamil Nadu Rural Roads
Improvement Scheme (TNRRIS) by merging
various roads schemes.
The scheme was implemented with an
allocation of Rs.800 crore from 2015-16 to
2017-18 and the Government sanctioned an
annual allocation of Rs.1200 crore for the year
2018-19 and 2019-20.
Features of TNRRIS
i. TNRRIS provides adequate flexibility to the
Districts in the selection of various types of
roads based on local needs.
ii. The scheme is implemented under three
streams. The Upgradation of Non-BT roads as
BT roads, Strengthening of the existing
damaged BT roads and Periodic Maintenance of
existing damaged BT roads.
Table 3.3
Details of road works taken under TNRRIS
Sl.
No
Year Nos.
Length
(in Km)
Value
(Rs. in
crore)
1 2015-16 2,385 4,225.10 800
2 2016-17 2,567 4,650.62 800
94
Sl.
No
Year Nos.
Length
(in Km)
Value
(Rs. in
crore)
3 2017-18 2,201 3,913.83 800
4 2018-19 3,278 5,532.04 1,200
5 2019-20 3,018 5,030.31 1,200
TOTAL 13,449 23,351.90 4,800
During 2020-21 the scheme will be
implemented with an allocation of
Rs.1,400 Crore.
3.4. NABARD-Rural Infrastructure
Development Fund (RIDF
)
NABARD had set up Rural Infrastructure
Development Fund (RIDF) in 1995-96, to extend
financial assistance to the State Governments,
Government owned Corporations, Village
Panchayats, Self Help Groups and Non-
Government Organisations for taking up of
infrastructure projects in rural areas. The Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj Department
utilises this fund to strengthen damaged Village
Panchayat and Panchayat Union roads and also for
upgrading the Non-BT roads to BT standard. The
provision of bridges is another important
component under NABARD-RIDF. The scheme is
fully sponsored by State Government through 80%
loan from NABARD.
95
In the last 9 years, 7,985.26 Km length of
Village Panchayat and Panchayat Union roads and
317 bridges were taken for construction at a cost
of Rs.2,251.32 crore under this scheme.
The year-wise details of road and bridge
works taken under NABARD-RIDF in the last 9
years are given below:
Table 3.4
Details of Road and Bridge Works taken
under NABARD-RIDF in the last 9 years
(From 2011-12 to 2019-20)
Sl.
No
Year Nos.
Length
(in Km)
Value
(Rs in crore)
1 2011-12 958 2,598.65 451.77
2 2012-13 381 1,000.46 198.07
3 2013-14 185 367.63 100.00
4 2014-15 615 1,183.03 339.61
5 2015-16 232 369.92 160.20
6 2016-17 297 510.31 229.00
7 2017-18 549 993.17 316.32
8 2018-19 421 738.25 255.82
9 2019-20 262 223.84 200.53
TOTAL 3,900 7,985.26 2,251.32
3.5. Minor Link Roads
Improvements to roads of length less than
1Km
The improvement of the Village Panchayat
and Panchyat union roads are being made with
huge investment of funds from various schemes
96
like TNRRIS, PMGSY, NABARD, etc. However,
these schemes do not provide scope for taking up
roads of less than 1 Km length. The Government
considering that these roads also serve as
important link roads sanctioned an amount of
Rs.225 crore during 2018-19 under 20% share of
Capital Grant Fund.
Accordingly, 2,397 Km length of minor link
roads having a length of less than 1 Km were taken
during the year 2018-19. Similarly, during 2019-20
a total amount of Rs.300 crore was allocated,
Rs.262.94 crore from 20% share of Capital Grant
Fund and Rs.37.06 crore from District Panchayat
share of State Finance Commission, for the
improvements of minor link roads.
The Scheme wise details of road works
taken in the last 9 years are given below:
Table 3.5
Scheme wise Details of Road Works taken in
the last 9 years
(2011-12 to 2019-20)
Sl.No
Name of the Scheme
Length
(in Km)
Amount
(Rs. in crore)
State Schemes
1.
Tamil Nadu Rural Roads
Improvement Scheme
(TNRRIS)
23,351.89 4,800.00
97
Sl.No
Name of the Scheme
Length
(in Km)
Amount
(Rs. in crore)
2.
Scheme Component of
Pooled Assigned Revenue
(SCPAR)
3,581.27 1,028.24
3.
Tamil Nadu Village
Habitations Improvements
Scheme (THAI)
9,723.97 1,487.54
4.
20% Capital Grant Fund
(less than 1 Km roads)
1,911.35 487.66
5.
Rural Infrastructure
Scheme (RIS)
4,318.92 616.67
6.
Bus Plying Road
Improvement Scheme
(BPRIS)
1,399.28 300.00
7.
State Finance Commission
Grants (SFC)
4,846.69 1,095.65
8.
Rural Road Maintenance
Scheme (RRMS)
3,649.19 381.07
9
Member of Legislative
Assembly Constituency
Development Scheme
(MLACDS)
1,551.95 247.18
10. NABARD-RIDF 7,985.26 2,103.35
11.
Environmental Protection
and Renewable Energy
Development Fund
(EPREDF)
429.87 37.50
12. Other Schemes 9,492.79 2,330.89
Sub Total
72,242.43
14,915.75
Central Schemes
13.
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak
Yojana (PMGSY)
7,849.79 3,883.81
14.
Member of Parliament Local
Area Development Scheme
(MPLADS)
1,032.00 168.21
15
13th Finance Commission
Grants
6,573.13 622.00
16.
14th Central Finance
Commission Grants
2,575.61 562.97
Sub Total
18,030.53
5,236.99
Grand Total
90,272.96
20,152.74
98
Quality Control
Quality Control is an integral part of any
project to ensure the objective and functionality
for which the works are implemented. The Rural
Development Department is executing various
rural infrastructure development projects through
various State and Central schemes and in order to
ensure proper quality, the department has
institutionalized a systematic Quality Control (QC)
mechanism,
1. The department adopts a two tier system of QC
in the state.
2. The quality control mechanism includes the
departmental officers at State, District, Sub
division and Block level. They ensure quality in
all scheme works implemented by the
department.
3. Project Implementation Unit (PIU)(first tier)
comprising of district and block level officers are
responsible for implementation of the projects.
They ensure the quality of materials and
workmanship by conducting various quality tests
at the time of execution.
4. The department has appointed retired
government officials with adequate experience
99
as State Quality Monitors (SQMs) (second tier).
The SQMs are being deputed to the districts to
inspect the works, as a third party check. They
inspect both Central and State Government
schemes. In addition to the existing SQMs,
28 State Quality Monitors have been newly
appointed to strengthen the 2
nd
tier QC
mechanism.
5. In addition to this, under PMGSY scheme,
National Quality Monitors (NQMs) are deployed
by the Government of India to inspect the works
taken up under the scheme which acts as a 3
rd
tier mechanism for the scheme.
6. Both NQMs and SQMs carry out monthly
inspections at different stages of work and
evaluate the quality of material and
workmanship and also provide quality related
guidance for field officials. The NQMs and SQMs
submit their observations based on which the
PIUs submit the Action Taken Reports (ATRs)
regularly.
7. The department had established a state level QC
lab with all major lab equipments. In addition,
QC labs have also been established at regional
and district level with all necessary quality
control test equipments.
100
8. As an innovative measure, 5 Mobile Quality
Control Labs were established by the
department. This enables a real time on site
conduct of tests even in remote and far flung
areas.
Training
The department deputes the field engineers
to various training programmes so as to improve
their skill level and also to keep them abreast with
the latest technologies. This will also help in
ensuring better quality of work at field level.
During 2019-20, 1067 engineers were
deputed to various training programmes organized
by state and national level agencies like State
Institute of Rural Development (SIRD), Indian
Academy of Highway Engineers (IAHE), Central
Road Research Institute (CRRI), Engineering Staff
College of India (ESCI), etc
Research and Development (R&D)
Technology Initiatives
The Government with an objective of
reducing dependence on the depleting
conventional construction materials has been
promoting green and environmental friendly
technologies.
101
These technologies include Cold mix,
Stabilisation using chemicals, cement, Fly ash,
Industrial waste etc. These technologies are
mainly adopted in TNRRIS and PMGSY schemes.
The details of R&D technology-New Initiative
works taken up so far are given below:
Table 3.6
Details of R&D technology works- New
Initiative
Sl.
No
Scheme New Technology
Length
(in Km)
Value
(Rs in
crore)
1
PMGSY
Plastic waste (Wet
process)
130.32
68.56
2
Cold Mix/Surface
Dressing
216.59
162.98
3 RCCP/CC Block 5.45
2.73
4 Coir/Jute Geo textile 52.82
25.10
5
Pavement Stabilization
(i) Chemical
574.89
376.77
6 (ii) Industrial waste 34.71
15.76
7 (iii) Cement 99.71
47.73
8 (iv) Soil 152.08
116.54
Sub Total 1,266.57
816.17
1
TNRRIS
Cold Mix 28.91
4.70
2
Plastic waste (Wet
process)
307.19
57.40
3
Pavement Stabilization
(i)Chemical
198.50
59.26
4 (ii) Industrial waste 2.30
0.80
5 (iii) Soil 37.75
10.65
6 (iv) Cement 44.11
12.64
Sub Total 618.76
145.45
Grand Total 1,885.33
961.62
102
Through the use of R&D Technologies, the
over dependence on natural resources is reduced
showing the commitment of the Government
towards Climate Change mitigation.
Plastic Roads
The use of waste plastics in road construction
was introduced by the Government during
2004-05. During 2011-12, the Government
provided Rs.140 lakhs for setting up 35 plastic
waste collection and processing centres. The use
of waste plastic provides environmental benefit
and also livelihood opportunities for SHG women.
The department took up laying of waste
plastic roads through schemes like Tamil Nadu
Rural Roads Improvement Scheme (TNRRIS),
NABARD-Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
(RIDF), Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
(PMGSY) and also in other state and central
schemes.
As a result of this, since 2011-12, about
14,216 Km length of roads have been taken using
waste plastic technology at a cost of
Rs.2,384.40 crore under various schemes.
103
Asset Maintenance and Management
The department is creating various
infrastructure amenities in the rural areas. This
includes roads, bridges, buildings and other
utilities. The serviceability of these assets depends
on the maintenance of these facilities in their
original condition.
As indicated above, the department is
spending huge amount of funds for the
improvement of the rural roads. Hence, in order to
ensure continuous maintenance of roads, the
department has adopted the “Tamil Nadu Rural
Roads Maintenance Policy” for the maintenance of
all Village Panchayat and Panchayat Union Roads
in the state. The policy provides for Routine
maintenance of the roads, Periodic renewal and
Emergency repairs.
The department has developed uniform type
designs for School buildings, office buildings,
Anganwadi buildings, Toilets, etc., taken up under
various State and Central schemes. So far, 32 type
designs have been developed. The maintenance of
these buildings are taken up through state
schemes and general funds of the local bodies.
104
The use of GIS for asset maintenance and
management is well known. The department has
set up a GIS wing in the Directorate for digitization
of various information in spatial form and also to
develop GIS platform for planning, selection of
works and asset management.
The spatial information including the Village
Panchayat Boundary, Block Boundary, Roads,
Water Bodies, Habitations have been digitized and
the department has completed the geo-tagging of
roads. In addition to this the water bodies like
MI Tanks and Ponds & Ooranies will be geo-
tagged.
For PMGSY III, the department developed a
mobile app for geo-tagging important facilities like
education, health, market and transport
infrastructure facilities. This data was used for
preparation of DRRP under PMGSY III.
Under MGNREGS, GIS techniques are used
for identifying optimal location of Artificial
Recharge Structures. GIS based planning is being
adopted for 2 Village Panchayats per block during
2019-20.
The geo-tagging of assets created under
centrally sponsored schemes like Mahatma Gandhi
105
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MGNREGS), Individual Household Latrine under
Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and Pradhan
Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin) Houses.
Similarly, the department has developed
‘Thittam’ mobile app for geo-tagging and real time
monitoring of works under state schemes. The app
is being used on pilot basis for monitoring Tamil
Nadu Rural Roads Improvement Scheme and
Amma - Adi Dravidar Habitations Improvement
Scheme.
3.6. Amma - Adi Dravidar Habitations
Improvement Scheme
The Government have introduced Amma –
Adi Dravidar Habitations Improvement Scheme
with an objective of providing Basic amenities to
Adi Dravidar habitations to ensure better living
standards by saturating the needs of the
Adi Dravidar Habitations in a holistic manner. For
the year 2018-19, an amount of Rs.100 crore was
sanctioned from the pooled fund for Deficit RLBs
vested with Director of Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj and the District Collectors on
50:50 basis. During 2019-20, an amount of
Rs.100 crore was provided from the State Budget
of Adi-Dravidar Welfare Department. The Rural
106
Development and Panchayat Raj Department is the
implementing Agency for the Amma - Adi Dravidar
Habitations Improvement scheme.
The permitted works includes Water supply,
street lights, laying of roads connecting
Adi Dravidar habitations, improvement to streets,
Community toilets, improvement of Cremation
shed, waiting shed, approach road, Compound
wall, hand pump, LED lights, path way,
improvement of play grounds and play fields used
by majority SC youths by providing sports
infrastructure and play material. Repair and
Renovation of existing infrastructure located in
Adi Dravidar habitations.
The details of works taken under Amma -
Adi Dravidar Habitations Improvement Scheme
during 2018-19 and 2019-20 are as given below:
Table 3.7
Details of Works taken under Amma-
Adi Dravidar Habitations Improvement
Scheme during 2018-19 and 2019-20
Sl.
No
Year Nos.
Value
(Rs in crore)
1 2018-19 1,952 100.00
2 2019-20 1,949 100.00
TOTAL 3,901 200.00
107
3.7. Member of Legislative Assembly
Constituency Development Scheme
(MLACDS)
The objective of this scheme is to enable the
Member of Legislative Assembly to identify the
infrastructure gaps in their constituencies and
propose the works to be executed under the
MLACDS. The scheme is being implemented in the
state both in Rural and Urban areas. The fund
allocation under the scheme has been enhanced
from Rs.2.50 Crore to Rs.3.00 Crore per
constituency per annum from the year 2019-20.
The works chosen by the MLAs, are accorded
administrative sanction by the District Collectors
and also identify the implementing agency. A sum
of Rs.1.50 Crore is earmarked as Tied Fund for
Priority Works and for the remaining Rs. 1.50 Crore,
the MLAs can choose any work of their choice not
falling within the ‘Negative list’ as per the guidelines of
the scheme.
Works to be taken up under “Tied
Component” of Rs.1.50 Crore
i. Rs.25 lakh for infrastructure to schools
In 2019-20, in order to provide infrastructure
facilities to Schools (Corporation /
108
Municipality / Panchayat Union/ Government
Schools only) a sum of at least Rs.25 Lakh
per MLA shall be earmarked under the tied
component. The infrastructure facilities will
include toilet facilities (especially separate
toilets for girls, boys and staff) drinking water
supply, Compound wall to Schools,
construction of buildings for classrooms,
libraries and laboratories in schools.
ii. Rs.20 lakh for Reverse Osmosis (R.O)
System to schools
In 2019-20, in order to ensure pure and
hygiene drinking water to the school
students, a sum of at least Rs.20 Lakh shall
be earmarked under the tied component for
installation of Reverse Osmosis (R.O) System
to the Schools (Corporation / Municipality /
Panchayat Union / Government Schools only).
iii. Rs.20 lakh for Anganwadi / Kitchen
shed/ Baby Friendly Toilets / Water
Supply to Anganwadi
In order to provide infrastructure facilities to
the Anganwadi centres and Noon Meal
Centres in rural and urban areas, an amount
of atleast Rs.20 lakh shall be allocated for the
109
Construction of Anganwadi Buildings/Noon
Meal Centres /Noon Meal Kitchen Sheds,
Anganwadi Baby friendly toilets, Supply of
Drinking water to Anganwadies and also
modernizing the Anganwadi Kitchen Sheds
with Gas connection, etc.
iv. Rs.30 lakh for Drinking Water supply
In order to mitigate the water supply scarcity,
especially in summer, water supply works
particularly augmentation of existing source
like provision of individual power pump works,
mini power pump works, Construction of Over
Head Tanks, New Bore Well, Deepening of
Bore well, New Hand pumps, Enhancing of
motor capacity, Construction of Open Well,
Deepening of existing Open Well etc., shall be
taken up. Each MLA shall allot atleast
Rs.30 lakh for water supply works.
v. Rs.55 lakh for the Other Tied works
Under the tied component, the MLA can
choose one or more of the following works
according to his/her choice, subject to the
overall ceiling of Rs.55 lakh.
110
a) In Rural Areas
1. Installation of Solar Street lights in rural areas/
Roof top solar power in Government buildings.
(Subsidy provision available from the Ministry
of New and Renewable Energy, GOI should be
claimed and remitted to concerned scheme
account without fail).
2. Up-gradation of gravel/WBM Roads to BT
standard.
3. Renewal of badly worn-out BT roads (laying of
BT layer only by filling up of potholes, if
necessary).
4. Laying of Cement Concrete Roads / Paver
Blocks in Streets and Lanes.
5. Provision of rooms, buildings and / or
compound wall for Government and Local body
Hospitals, Primary Health Centres, Government
Veterinary Hospitals, Government Schools,
Panchayat Union Schools, Adi Dravidar Welfare
Schools, Kallar Reclamation Schools,
Government Colleges and Government Hostels,
Government ITI and Government Polytechnics.
6. Provision of Infrastructural facilities to
Government Special Schools for the differently
abled and Government Orphanages.
7. Construction of bridges.
111
8. Provision of additional Burial Grounds /
Cremation Grounds to the Village Panchayats, if
necessary.
9. Provision of compound wall / fencing in the
burial grounds belonging to Public Wakf
registered with Wakf Board. Since the Wakf
Board does not have any Engineering wing, this
work may be entrusted to the Local Bodies
concerned.
10. Construction of integrated sanitary complex
for women and men.
11. Construction of Public Distribution shop
buildings.
12. Construction of building for physical fitness
centre/Gymnasium along with purchase of
required equipments which will be the asset of
concerned Local Body.
b) In Urban Areas
1. Installation of Solar Street lights / Roof top
solar power in Government Buildings / LED
Street lights in Urban Areas. (Subsidy provision
available from the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, GOI should be claimed and
remitted to concerned scheme account without
fail).
112
2. Up-gradation of gravel / WBM Roads to BT
standard.
3. Renewal of badly worn-out BT roads (laying of
BT layer only by filling up of potholes, if
necessary).
4. Laying of Cement Concrete Roads.
5. Provision of rooms, buildings and / or
compound wall for Government and Local body
Hospitals, Primary Health Centres, Government
Veterinary Hospitals, Government Schools,
Panchayat Union Schools, Adi Dravidar Welfare
Schools, Kallar Reclamation Schools,
Government Colleges and Government Hostels,
Government ITI and Government Polytechnics.
6. Provision of Infrastructural facilities to
Government Special Schools for the differently
abled and Government Orphanages.
7. Construction of bridges.
8. Provision of infrastructure and compound wall
facilities to burial grounds /cremation grounds.
9. Provision of Concrete Pavements with storm
water drains, if so required.
10. Formation of new Public Parks
11. Construction of Public Toilets.
113
12. Construction of Public Distribution shop
buildings.
13. Purchase of Jetrodding Machines,
hydraulically operated sewerage machines.
14. Provision of compound wall / fencing in the
burial grounds belonging Public Wakf
registered with Wakf Board. Since the Wakf
Board does not have any Engineering wing,
this work may be entrusted with the Local
Bodies concerned.
15. Construction of building for physical fitness
centre/Gymnasium along with purchase of
required equipments which will be the asset
of concerned Local Body.
Works to be taken up under “Un-Tied
Component” of Rs. 1.50 Crore
Any work not falling within the following
‘Negative list / Prohibited works’ can be taken
up under the un-tied component of MLACDS.
Works falling under the tied component can
also be taken up under un-
tied component of
Rs.1.50 Crore. Construction of Bus passengers
shelters is permitted under this component.
NEGATIVE LIST/PROHIBITED WORKS
1. Construction of Office and residential
buildings belonging to Central and State
114
Governments including Public Sector
undertaking, Co-operatives and societies.
Exception:
i. Construction of Direct Procurement Centres,
Milk Producers’ Co-operative Societies, Bulk
Chilling Centres.
ii. Construction of Maintenance sheds,
Compound walls and concrete flooring, Crew
rest room and toilet facilities for Bus depots
of State Transport undertakings.
2. Assets for individual / family benefits.
Exception:
Construction of new houses in Town
Panchayats as per the Pradhan Mantri Awaas
Yojana (Gramin) norms.
3. All renovation, maintenance and repair works.
Exception:
Repair of houses constructed under
Government Schemes up to 31.12.2009
including houses constructed under Indira
Awaas Yojana (IAY) / TAHDCO and Tamil
Nadu Slum Clearance Board can be taken up
not exceeding Rs.50,000/- per house.
However, permission letter should be
obtained from the TNSCB/TAHDCO before
taking up the repair works.
115
4. Purchase of all movable items, equipments and
furniture.
Exception:
(i) Provisions were made during 2016-17 for newly
elected members of 15
th
Assembly and for the
members re-elected who were members of 14
th
Assembly, to purchase Laptop or Desktop,
Laser/ Inkjet Printer and Broadband / Internet
Data card connection as one time purchase
according to needs. In this connection, wherever
such Laptop or Desktop, Laser/Inkjet printer
and Broadband/Internet Connection were not
purchased till last year, in such cases purchase
of the above items, may be considered during
2019-20, as per the provisions contained in the
G.O.(Ms.) No.95, Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj (SGS-1) Department, Dated
18-8-2016 and following the guidelines therein.
(ii) Purchase of furniture and equipments for
Government Schools, Panchayat Union Schools,
Adi Dravidar Welfare Schools, Kallar
Reclamation Schools, Government Colleges,
Government Hostels, Government Hospitals,
Primary Health Centres, Government Veterinary
116
Hospitals, Government ITIs and Government
Polytechnic.
(iii)Purchase of aids and appliances for differently
abled persons as per the guidelines issued in
G.O.(1D)No.405, Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj (SGS-1) Department, Dated
17.08.2010 and Government Letter
No.(1D)No.653, dated.31.12.2012 of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj Department for
the value of Rs.5 lakh or above.
(iv)Purchase of CP chair for Polio and stroke
attacked persons and purchase of Learning Kits
for mentally challenged children in Government
special schools.
(v) Purchase of physical exercise equipments for
the physical fitness centre / Gymnasium
belonging to local body which will be the asset
of the concerned local body.
(vi)Purchase of equipments for installation of solar
photovoltaic items in the existing Government
buildings.
(vii)Purchase of Surveillance Cameras (CCTV-
Closed Circuit Television) with allied equipments
for the safety of public through District Collector
117
/ Superintendent of Police / Commissioner of
Greater Chennai Corporation / Commissioner of
Greater Chennai Police following procurement
codal procedures.
5. Any work in Government aided and self-
financing Schools and Colleges.
6. All Works involving commercial establishment /
units.
7. Grants and loans, contribution to any Central
and State / UT Relief Funds.
8. Acquisition of land or any compensation for
land acquired.
9. Reimbursement of any type of completed or
partly completed works or items.
10. All revenue and recurring expenditure.
11. Works within the places of religious worship
and on land belonging to or owned by religious
faiths / groups.
12. Desilting of Ponds, Ooranies, rivers, tanks,
canals, channels and the like.
13. Gravel/WBM roads (roads upto BT standard
alone should be taken up).
14. Installation of High Mast Lights.
118
Implementation of MLACDS during 2019-20
Works have been taken at a cost of Rs. 705
Crore in various categories under MLACDS during
2019-20 as detailed below:
Table 3.8
Details of works taken under
MLACDS during 2019-20
The guidelines will be issued for the year
2020-21 to implement the scheme with an
allocation of Rs.705 crore.
3.8. Self Sufficiency Scheme
In order to promote self-reliant rural
community through public participation, the
Government re-introduced Self Sufficiency Scheme
in 2011-12. It is a participatory demand driven
scheme to promote and strengthen self-help and
self-reliant attitude of the village community. The
feltneeds of the public could be easily articulated
S. No Category of works
No.of
works
1 Buildings 1338
2 Road 1233
3 Water Supply 2353
4 Canal Drainage & Irrigation works 636
5 Others 1523
Total 7,083
119
and covered under the scheme. This scheme is
being implemented both in rural and urban areas.
Public Participation
The minimum public contribution for any of
the identified work should be atleast one-third of
the estimate amount.
Selection of Works
1. The feltneed for taking up a work may originate
from individuals, groups, institutions, public or
private companies or from the community.
2. Request in the form of an application indicating
the works proposed to be taken up with consent
for contributing a minimum one-third of the
total amount by the public has to be given to
the District Collector.
3. The District Collector shall ascertain the actual
need and feasibility of the work to be taken up,
with reference to the norms of the scheme.
After satisfying the need for the proposed
works, the Collector will call for the detailed
estimates from the implementing agency. Then,
the applicant has to deposit the prescribed
amount by means of Demand Draft to the
120
District Collector or Project Director, District
Rural Development Agency for sanction.
4. The contributions given by the Local Bodies and
Universities shall not be accepted under this
scheme.
5. If permission of the Local Body or the
Department concerned is necessary to execute
the work, the District Collector shall obtain the
above permission before according
administrative sanction.
6. If the assets to be created have to be
maintained by the Local Body/Department, the
District Collector should obtain the concurrence
from the Local Body/Department concerned.
7. If requests are received for various works, but
amount available is limited under the scheme,
the District Collector shall give priority for the
works which are of maximum benefit to the
community.
8. Director of Rural Development and Panchayat
Raj can receive major contributions from the
public or private sector companies for specific
projects.
121
Execution of works
Execution of works will be done by the Local
Bodies or the Department concerned through
tender as per the Tamil Nadu Transparency in
Tenders Act 1998 and Rules issued thereunder.
To facilitate larger participation of the people
in this Scheme, if the public or contributors opt to
execute the work themselves or through their
agency, willingness should be given by them in
writing while applying for the work under Self
Sufficiency Scheme. The District Collector will
examine the request and permit the contributors
or the agency to execute the works if the public
contribution is 50% or more than the estimate of
the work. But in case of desiltation of PWD tanks
or desiltation of water sources of Rural and Urban
Local Bodies, even if the public contribution is 50%
or more, the work should be executed only
through tender.
Achievement during 2011-12 to 2019-20
From 2011-12 to 2019-20, a total of
13,181 useful community assets have been
created at an estimated cost of Rs.887.10 crore.
122
Scheme Implementation during 2020-21
Self Sufficiency Scheme will be implemented
during the year 2020-21 also with an allocation of
Rs.50 crore.
3.9. Revamped Comprehensive School
Infrastructure Development Scheme
(RCSIDS)
Comprehensive School Infrastructure
Development Scheme was implemented by this
Government with the objective of providing basic
infrastructure facilities to Panchayat Union Primary
and Middle Schools in rural areas, from 2011-12 to
2016-17 with an annual allocation of Rs.100 Crore.
This scheme was again re-introduced as
Revamped Comprehensive School Infrastructure
Development Scheme (RCSIDS) from 2019-20
onwards with an annual allocation of Rs.100 Crore.
Under this scheme basic infrastructure
facilities like new Class Rooms, Kitchen Sheds,
Water Supply, Toilets, etc., are taken up in the
Panchayat Union Primary and Middle Schools in
rural areas. Repairs and renovation of the existing
facilities are also being taken up under this
scheme, wherever necessary.
123
Strength of the students in the school is the
basis for taking up new class room buildings.
These new buildings are constructed with
RCC Roof with weathering course. The space
available in school premises is used for new
construction and if adequate space is not available,
a floor is added to the existing RCC Building after
assessing its structural stability.
New kitchen sheds are taken up in those
schools where kitchen sheds are not available and
the existing damaged kitchen sheds are taken up
for repair and renovation. Additional rooms/ store
rooms may also be constructed under the scheme
for storing the commodities.
Existing water supply system in the schools
which are in damaged condition are taken up for
repairs. Extension of Pipelines are provided
wherever necessary. New water supply connection
from the existing Panchayat water source or a new
borewell is also provided, wherever necessary.
Construction of new Dining Room in
Panchayat Union Schools have also been taken up
on a Pilot basis.
124
This Government ensures that all the
Panchayat Union Schools have adequate toilet
facilities for girls and boys. Incinerators are
provided in the toilets for the benefit of girl
students.
Selection and finalization of works are
undertaken by a Committee constituted at the
Block level with BDO, AEE & Head master of the
concerned School as Committee Members. This
Committee inspects each and every school for
ascertaining the actual infrastructural needs of the
schools.
3.10. Sanitation – Muzhu Sugaathaara
Tamizhagam
Open Defecation has a pernicious effect on
the health of not only the individuals practicing
open defecation but also their entire village
community, which in turn affects the well-being of
the people. Considering the ravages of Open
Defecation on the Socio-Economic factors, the
State Government has consistently been according
high priority for Sanitation and has taken several
measures to achieve “Muzhu Sugaathaara
Thamizhagam” under the Swachh Bharat Mission
125
(Gramin). The ultimate aim is to create a healthy
and prosperous rural community.
The achievement of Open Defecation Free
(ODF) status and it’s sustenance is mainly due to
the active participation of Village Poverty
Reduction Committee (VPRC) / Panchayat Level
Federation (PLF) / Self Help Group (SHG)
members and coordinated and sustained efforts of
all the Stakeholder Departments in making
Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) emerge as a
‘Mass Movement’.
“Muzhu Sugaathaara Thamizhagam” is also
aimed at fulfilling one of the important goals of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the
United Nations – SDG No:6 “Sanitation for all”.
Initiatives of the State Government
The Government has pioneered the
Sanitation revolution in the State through various
initiatives since 2001. To provide access to basic
sanitation facilities for rural women and children,
Integrated Women Sanitary Complexes were
constructed in all the Village Panchayats during
2001-04. 12,796 Sanitary Complexes which were
in a state of disuse were renovated at a cost of
126
Rs.170 Crore during the year 2011-12, to benefit
the rural women. To build a sense of ownership
and for the proper upkeep of these complexes,
‘User Groups’ have been created who will be
responsible for daily maintenance and periodical
maintenance is being undertaken by the Village
Panchayats. Clean Village Campaign (CVC)
introduced in 2003 provided a momentum to the
Sanitation coverage. The “Clean Village Campaign”
shelved in 2006, was revived and re-introduced in
2011-12. One Village Panchayat per district which
are free from open defecation and with clean
environment are eligible to be selected for a cash
award of Rs.5 Lakh each, every year under this
programme. To provide similar Sanitation facilities
to the rural men as that of women,
1199 Integrated Men Sanitary Complexes were
constructed between 2012-13 and 2014-15. The
involvement of Community Based Organisations
like Village Poverty Reduction Committees (VPRC)
/ Panchayat Level Federations (PLF) of Self Help
Groups at various levels, in the construction and
usage monitoring of Individual Household Latrines
(IHHL) has expedited the Sanitation coverage.
Introduction of ‘Thooimai Kaavalars’ in Solid Waste
Management activities in all the 12,525 Village
127
Panchayats have brought about a visible and
perceptible impact in the maintenance of
Cleanliness in these Villages. In order to sustain
the Sanitation facilities in the Government Schools
in rural areas, necessary funds have been provided
by the State Government to ensure maintenance
of clean and functional toilets. All these have
become pioneering initiatives at National Level.
Sanitation Coverage in Rural Areas of
Tamil Nadu
In Tamil Nadu, as per Sanitation Baseline
Survey conducted in 2013, there were 51.06 lakh
households without toilets. After Baseline Survey,
a record number of 50.17 lakh Individual
Household Latrines (IHHLs) have been constructed
from the years 2013-14 to 2019-20 and 0.89 lakh
households are accessing Community and shared
toilets, thereby increasing the overall sanitation
coverage in the State from 45% to 100%. All the
Rural Districts have reached 100% sanitation
coverage as per the Baseline Survey.
The Sanitation coverage in Integrated
Management Information System (IMIS) of
Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation,
Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India takes
128
into account only the households without toilets as
per baseline survey. The above sanitation
coverage in the IMIS does not include new
households that have come up after the Sanitation
baseline survey conducted in 2013. Further, it also
does not take into account the households which
were having defunct toilets as per 2013 baseline
survey. At the time of above sanitation survey,
there were 12.25 lakh defunct toilets in the Village
Panchayats. These Defunct toilets were
constructed in earlier schemes and these
households could not be assisted under any of the
existing schemes. So, the District Administrations
have taken action for renovation / reconstruction
of 11.80 lakh defunct toilets in the Village
Panchayats through the beneficiaries own funds,
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds, Bank
credit, internal lending by Self Help Groups, etc.
Apart from this, nearly 45,000 defunct toilets were
also reconstructed under Swachh Bharat Kosh
funds and World Bank Assisted Performance Based
Incentive Grant funds.
In addition to this, the Government of India
approved 6.08 lakh households that were left out
in the Baseline Survey (BLS) 2013 to be covered
129
with toilets under SBM (G) during the year
2018-19 and 2019-20. The Government is also
focused in the construction of Community Sanitary
Complexes (CSC) in the SC/ST habitations and in
other habitations where households do not have
adequate space for construction of IHHL, to ensure
that no one is left behind.
Open Defecation Free (ODF) Status and ODF
verification
As per the guidelines, on attainment of full
sanitation coverage, the Village Panchayats could
declare themselves as ODF in the Grama Sabha.
All the Village Panchayats in the State have
declared themselves as ODF and this has been
verified and confirmed in IMIS by all the Rural
Districts. Further, to keep up the momentum and
to ensure the sustained usage of the toilets
constructed in all the Village Panchayats, second
level ODF Sustainability verification is being taken
up.
Rural Sanitation Survey by Third party
agencies
The Government of India is conducting
National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey (NARSS)
every year through third party agencies to
130
measure the Performance Indicators viz.,
(1) Reduction in the prevalence of Open
Defecation, (2) Sustaining ODF status in the
villages and (3) Percentage of Rural Population
served by Solid and Liquid Waste Management.
Each round of survey will have components that
will generate information on Open Defecation,
sustaining ODF status and on Solid and Liquid
Waste Management (SLWM). This is a third-party
sample survey carried out through an Independent
Verification Agency. Based on the findings,
Performance Based Incentives are given to States
as 100% Grant.
The State Government also periodically
takes up third party survey through State Quality
Monitors periodically to assess the quality of
Sanitation infrastructure.
Various Initiatives undertaken
(a) Involvement of Community Based
Organisations in ODF Sustainability
The State has a firmly established Women
Self Help Groups which act as a huge Social
capital. The Village Panchayat level Community
Based Organisations (CBO) like Village Poverty
Reduction Committees (VPRCs) / Panchayat Level
131
Federations (PLFs) in Mahalir Thittam have been
effectively involved in carrying out Inter-Personal
Communication (IPC) activities to promote
Sanitation and Hygiene. These CBOs are in a
better position to use their peer group influence in
a big way in attaining and sustaining ODF Status.
(b) Convergence with Stakeholder
Departments
The practice of Open Defecation has a
detrimental impact on the physical and mental
development of the children and it is a primary
cause for worm infestation and resultant Anaemia.
Moreover, the behavioural change among the
people practicing Open Defecation is very
important in sustaining toilet usage and ODF
status and hence there should be a constant
reinforcement of sanitation messages through
several stakeholder departments. In this direction,
coordinated efforts have been taken with Health
and Family Welfare, School Education and Social
Welfare Departments at State Level and District
Level.
Doctors, in Primary Health Centres,
recommending toilet usage in their Out-Patient
Slips, Sanitation messages in school textbook
132
wrappers, Inter-Personal Communication in
Anganwadi Centres targeting Adolescent girls,
Pregnant and Lactating mothers are some of the
pioneering efforts of the State which had National
attention.
(c) Role of Motivators
There are around 13,800 Motivators
identified from among the SHGs/PLFs who have
been trained in Community Approaches to
Sanitation (CAS) and Community Based Monitoring
(CBM) to sustain the ODF status. In addition to
trainings on ODF, Master Trainers identified from
Motivators are also trained on ODF Plus activities
at State Level. These Master Trainers in turn are
involved in training the Motivators, VPRC / PLF
members and field functionaries of other
departments like Teachers, Angawadi workers,
Village Health Nurses at District level for sustaining
the ODF status and to carryout ODF Plus activities
like Solid and Liquid Waste Management.
Motivators along with Other Department field
functionaries create awareness on the importance
of toilet usage, Menstrual Hygiene Management,
Personal Hygiene and Solid and Liquid Waste
Management. Apart from incentivising the
133
Motivators monetarily, the best performing
Motivators are being duly recognized at District,
State and National level events from time to time.
A Mobile Application has been created with the
support of NIC, Chennai to take stock of the field
activities by the Motivators on a real time basis.
(d) Capacity strengthening of Field
Functionaries
Continuous Capacity Building is vital for
equipping and updating the field functionaries on
the contents and skills for Behaviour Change
Communication. Further under ODF Plus, extensive
capacity strengthening is necessary to sustain the
momentum. ‘State Training Management Unit’
(STMU) for Sanitation has been formed as part of
the Sanitation Cell at the State Institute of Rural
Development & Panchayat Raj (SIRD&PR) which
serves as a dedicated unit to impart training and
capacity building on Sanitation in all the training
programmes conducted in SIRD & PR. Similar set
up is being created in RIRD&PR also to take care of
sanitation training requirements at Regional level.
Motivators and other field functionaries are trained
on ODF Plus at State / District / Block Level from
time to time.
134
(e) Monitoring
The District Collector is the overall
monitoring authority of the Sanitation programme.
In order to ensure quality of construction and
sustainability of functional toilets, frequent
inspections are undertaken by Senior Officials at
the District level and Block level.
(f) Handbook on Sanitation
The Handbook on Sanitation with
comprehensive information relating to ODF Plus
activities has been prepared with various
sanitation messages. This handbook is being used
as a resource material for training of Master
Trainers and Motivators. This handbook is also
useful for all those officials who are working in
various ‘Stakeholder Departments’ related to
Health and Sanitation. To sustain the ODF status
and also to give a major thrust on Solid and Liquid
Waste Management (SLWM), the “Handbook on
WASH (Water, Sanitation & Hygiene) -2020” has
been updated with information relating to Water,
Sanitation, Nutrition, Public Health, SLWM and
Environmental Protection.
(g) Towards ODF Plus
ODF Plus includes ODF Sustainability, Solid
and Liquid Waste Management and Faecal Sludge
135
Management. ODF Sustainability is ensured
through continuous monitoring of toilet usage and
reiterating sanitation messages through Inter-
Personal Communication. For effective
management of Soild Waste, awareness
generation is vital among General Public and
Children in Schools on the importance of waste
Segregation, 4R concept of Waste Management
(Refuse, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle), usage of
alternatives to plastic and safe handling of
Hazardous waste. Individual Household and
Community Soak Pits are also constructed for the
management of grey water. For Faecal Sludge
Management, a Technical Expert Committee has
been formed to bring out an efficient technological
plan for the establishment of Faecal Sludge
Treatment Plant.
(h) Students in Promoting Sanitation
In Schools, ‘Health and Sanitation Clubs’ are
formed to inculcate the habit of Safe Sanitation
and Personal Hygiene among the students. Also,
in all the Government Primary / Secondary / High
/ Higher Secondary Schools, various competitions
like Elocution, Drawing, Essay Writing, etc., are
being conducted on the topics related to Sanitation
136
and students are awarded by the District Collectors
or District / Block Level Officials.
For College students, Community
Engagement / Rural Internship Programme is
being conducted, facilitating the students to
participate in creating awareness among the
community and helping them to create a better
and cleaner environment through improved
Sanitation facilities. These students / NSS
volunteers work at the Village Level along with the
Sanitation Motivators and other village level
functionaries to promote Sanitation and SLWM
activities including awareness on Segregation of
Waste at Source, Establishing Household Compost
Pits, Construction of Soak Pits for Grey Water
Management, etc.
(i) Rural Sanitation Policy as a ‘way forward’
The State Government has brought out the
‘Rural Sanitation Policy’ providing the
methodologies to be adopted to sustain the ODF
status along with the functional plan to effectively
implement and manage the Solid and Liquid
waste, paving way to maintain the hygiene and
aesthetic view of the rural villages. It also provides
clear directives for providing Safe Sanitation
137
facilities which will help in achieving the mission of
“Muzhu Sugaathaara Thamizhagam” for a
healthier, cleaner and greener community.
3.11. Solid & Liquid Waste Management
(SLWM) activities in rural areas
Solid Waste Management (SWM) activities
Tamil Nadu is the first State in the Country
to achieve universal coverage of the entire 12,525
Village Panchayats in establishment of Solid Waste
Management Systems with collection, segregation
and waste disposal facilities. “Thooimai Kaavalars”
are engaged for SWM activities for door to door
collection of waste, segregation, transportion and
safe disposal.
This Scheme is being implemented with
required infrastructure facilities provided to all the
village panchayats like Segregation cum storage
sheds, Street Garbage Bins, Tricycles/Pushcarts,
etc., for collection, segregation and safe
processing of waste. Solid Waste is segregated
into Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable before
disposal. In SWM activities, 66,130 Thooimai
Kaavalars are being engaged through VPRC/PLF on
outsourcing basis for which the State Government
has allocated Rs.206.04 Crore every year.
138
To cater to the special needs of Peri-Urban
Village Panchayats and Village Panchayats in Hilly
areas, additional infrastructure facilities like
battery operated pushcarts and motorized pick up
vehicles respectively, have also been provided.
The implementation of Solid Waste
Management Project is periodically monitored
during inspections undertaken by District Level
Senior Officials and by Block Level officials. The
daily attendance of Thooimai Kaavalars and SWM
activities in each Village Panchayat are being
monitored through online monitoring system in the
Department’s Website, with the support of
National Informatics Centre.
Micro Composting Centre (MCC)
The State Government have issued orders
for the establishment of MCC in the State to
facilitate the effective processing of the waste
generated in Peri-Urban/Bigger Village Panchayats.
Around 300 village panchayats that are
Peri-Urban / Bigger Village Panchayats adjacent to
Corporations and Municipalities and satisfying the
prescribed criteria have been taken up for the
establishment of MCC.
139
Liquid Waste Management in rural areas
For the effective management of Liquid
waste / Grey water in rural areas and to tackle the
flow of liquid waste generated from households
like Kitchen, Bathroom and also from public places
like Over Head tanks, Hand pumps in rural areas,
Liquid waste Management activities such as
Individual soak pits and Community soak pits are
being taken up under MGNREGS from 2017-18
onwards.
In the last 3 years, so far 5.25 lakh
Individual Soak Pits and 75,000 Community Soak
Pits have been taken up at a cost of
Rs.496.32 crore under MGNREGS.
This has helped in prevention of grey water
stagnation at Roads, Streets and public places and
also reduced the spread of water borne diseases.
3.12. Maintenance of School toilets,
cleaning of Class rooms and School
premises
Sanitation facilities are foremost important
in maintaining health & hygiene and for overall
development of the students. The Government
have taken adequate measures to ensure provision
140
of separate toilets for boys and girls in all the
28,031 Panchayat Union Primary / Middle School
and 6,916 Government Schools in rural areas. In
order to maintain the toilets clean in the
Panchayat Union / Government Schools, the State
Government have provided Rs.202.88 crore under
State funds during the years from 2015-16 to
2018-19 for payment to Sanitary Workers who are
engaged on outsourcing basis through the VPRC,
PLF or any other Outsourcing Agency for cleaning
and also for procurement of cleaning materials.
During the year 2019-20, Government
ordered cleaning of Class rooms and School
premises in the Panchayat Union Primary/Middle
Schools and Government Schools located in rural
areas in addition to cleaning of School toilets and
sanctioned Rs.64.26 Crore.
Apart from regular cleaning by outsourced
Sanitary workers, mass cleaning of school
premises and vicinity is also done once in
2 months (or) immediately before the re-opening
of Schools after quarterly / half yearly and annual
exam holidays through “Thoomai Kaavalars” being
engaged by the Village Panchayats concerned and
Mazdoors being engaged by the Panchayat Unions
141
concerned. Mass cleaning is being taken up as and
when necessary apart from the pre-determined
dates as mentioned above.
This scheme will be continuously
implemented during the year 2020-21 with an
allocation of Rs. 64.26 crore.
3.13. Tamil Nadu Water Resources
Conservation and Augmentation Mission –
Kudimaramathu
The Honb’le Chief Minister has announced
Tamil Nadu Water Resources Conservation and
Augmentation Mission – Kudimaramathu –
Participatory Programme on the floor of Legislative
Assembly held on 20.07.2019 under rule 110 for
Rejuvenation of Minor Irrigation Tanks, Ponds and
Ooranies in Rural areas during 2019-20 to increase
and restore the rural water bodies like Minor
Irrigation Tank, Ponds / Kuttai & Ooranies to their
full capacity and to recharge the ground water.
1. Scheme Implementation
The Government have issued Orders in
G.O (Ms) No.96, RD & PR Dept., Dated. 26.7.2019
for the implementation of Kudimaramathu –
A participatory Programme for the Rejuvenation of
5,000 Minor Irrigation (MI) Tanks under the
142
control of Panchayat Unions and 25,000 Ponds /
Kuttai and Ooranies of Village Panchayats at a cost
of Rs.1250 Crore.
The Government have allocated
Rs.500 Crore from State Funds for
Desilting/Deepening of water bodies and bund
strengthening using machineries and Rs.750 Crore
in convergence with MGNREGS for taking up
reconstruction of Civil works, like sluice, surplus
weir, inlet, outlet, bathing ghat, lining wall, baby
pond etc.,
2. Scheme Components
a. Desilting / Deepening and bund strengthening of
rural water bodies, viz., Minor Irrigation
(MI) Tanks and Ponds / Kuttai & Ooranies by
using machinery.
b.Reconstruction of Civil works, like sluice, surplus
weir, inlet, outlet, bathing ghat, lining wall, baby
pond etc.
2.1. Minor Irrigation Tanks & Ponds and
Ooranies
The main objective of the programme is to
ensure rejuvenation of Minor Irrigation Tanks in
Panchayat Union and Ponds & Ooranies which are
under the control of Village Panchayat, so as to
143
restore the tanks to their full capacity, increase
ground water recharge, prevent surplus runoff and
breaches in the water bodies and also to regulate
the storage of water for drinking and agricultural
purposes, to achieve the goal of uninterrupted
drinking water supply and increased crop
productivity with area irrigated. The long pending
demand of the rural agricultural people is fulfilled
by the implementation of this scheme.
3. Scheme Implementation during 2019-20
The Desilting/Deepening of MI Tanks, Ponds
and Ooranies shall be done by using machineries
by adopting PWD Schedule of Rates (SoR) for the
year 2019-20. A detailed survey of Rural Water
Bodies was conducted to access the number of
water bodies, location, extent and other technical
details.
Hence, a Mobile Application (RRWB version
1.6) has been developed for :-
• The effective monitoring of the implementation
of the Proposed Kudimaramathu - Rejuvenation
of MI Tanks, Ponds and Ooranies beginning from
the selection of works till completion.
144
• The identification of MI Tanks, Ponds &
Ooranies.
• Monitoring the status of DPR preparation and
Pre-Measurement details.
• Monitoring the status of Administrative sanction,
Technical sanction, Commencement of work &
Measurements details of the executed work.
• Monitoring the details of inspection made by
Block level, Division level and District level
officials.
• Monitoring the physical and financial progress of
the works.
Further during 2019-20, 208 MI Tanks and
3,636 Ponds/Ooranies works were taken up for
improvement / modernisation with an allocation of
Rs.300 crore from the State Finance Commission
Grant (SFC) due to the Panchayat Unions and
District Panchayat. This has resulted in the
increase of storage capacity of the Rural Water
Bodies during the rainy season that has facilitated
ground water recharge, increased the area
irrigated and thereby increasing the rural
economy.
145
3.14. Socio Economic Development
Programme (SEDP)
In order to address the problems due to
activities of Naxalites, during the year of 2003-04
the Socio Economic Development Programme
(SEDP) is being implemented in Dharmapuri and
Krishnagiri districts. Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri
which are the backward districts in the states, an
allocation of Rs.700 lakh and Rs.50 lakh
respectively every year. But, it has been
permitted to re-allocate the funds under SEDP, to
Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts based on the
requirement and feasibility of works to be
proposed from the year 2017-18.
Works such as construction of Green houses
with solar power, Aavin Parlours, purchase of
power sprayers to poor farmers, purchase of
medical equipments for primary health centres,
modernization of Anganwadi buildings, etc., and
various training programmes have been taken
under this scheme.
This scheme will be implemented with an
allocation of Rs.7.50 crore for the year 2020-21.
146
147
4. Central Schemes
148
4.1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Scheme (Mahatma
Gandhi NREGS)
The Centrally Sponsored scheme Mahatma
Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme (Mahatma Gandhi NREGS) is the largest
social security programme which provides legal
entitlements and rights to the rural workers by
way of strong legal framework. The Scheme
guarantees maximum of 100 days of employment
in a financial year to any rural household whose
adult members are willing to do unskilled manual
work is being effectively implemented in all 36
rural districts in the State. Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was
enacted to provide a platform to the poor rural
people which is one of the many shades to realise
the fundamental “right to equality”. The Mahatma
Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme (MGNREGS) framed under the Act ensures
the “right to work” and it is the only anti-poverty
programme that has legal backing.
The core objective of this scheme have been
reoriented as follows:
149
a) Providing not less than one hundred days of
unskilled manual work as a guaranteed
employment in a financial year to every
household in rural areas on demand, resulting
in creation of productive assets of prescribed
quality and durability;
b) Strengthening the livelihood resource base of
the poor;
c) Proactively ensuring social inclusion;
d) Strengthening of Panchayat Raj institutions.
Salient Features of the Scheme
1. Ten major entitlements of the Act are:
i. Right to a Job card
ii. Right to Demand and receive work within
15 days
iii. Right to Unemployment Allowance
iv. Right to Plan and prepare a Shelf of Projects.
v. Right to obtain work within a radius of 5 kms
vi. Right to worksite facilities
vii. Right to notified wage rate
viii. Right to receive wages within 15 days
150
ix. Compensation for delay in payment of wages
x. Right to time bound redressal of grievances,
right to conduct concurrent social audits of
all Mahatma Gandhi NREGA expenditure
2. MGNREGS work week starts from every
Thursday and ends on next Wednesday.
3. In order to provide more employment
opportunities to MGNREGS workers, the
habitations in a Village Panchayat are
grouped into clusters in such a way that
more number of works are taken in all the
clusters.
4. The wages for unskilled labour has been
fixed based on the Rural Schedule of Rates
(RSoR). As per the revised Schedule-I of
MGNREG Act, the Schedule of Rates for
wages of unskilled labourers is so fixed that
an adult unskilled labourer working for eight
hours which includes an hour of rest
(i.e.,7 hours of effective work) will earn
wages equal to wage rate.
5. Government Order for Special Rural Schedule
of Rates (RSoR) for Differently-abled was
issued and adopted. The Government order
151
provides either special activities for the
differently-abled workers or special
provisions for undertaking earthwork related
activities.
6. No contractors or labour displacing
machineries are allowed. However
machineries can be used in executing the
following works.
a. The excavation and deepening of
dugwell,
b. Compaction of earthern embankment in
15 to 23 cm layers at optimum moisture
content in Rural Road connectivity.
c. Compaction of morum / gravel in 15 to
20 cm layers at optimum moisture
content in Rural Road connectivity.
d. Mixing of Cement Concrete, Compaction
of Cement Concrete and cutting of joint
in Cement Concrete in Road connectivity.
e. RCC Roofing, Column, Beam and Roof in
construction of building.
152
f. Compressed Stabilised Earthern Brick
(CSEB) and Fly Ash Brick production in
production of building materials.
g. Mechanical Auger in afforestation.
7. The Central Government bears 100% wage
cost of unskilled manual labour. Material
cost including wages of skilled and semi-
skilled workers is borne by Central
Government and State Government in the
ratio of 75:25.
8. The wage and material components have to
be maintained at 60:40 ratio for all the
works undertaken by the Village Panchayat
and other implementing agencies at the
District level.
9. For all civil construction works RSoR should
be adopted for Labour Component and PWD
SOR in respect of other materials involved.
10. Every individual beneficiary in a Household
is entitled to a job card so that they can
apply and receive work. Renewal of job
cards are being done once in 5 years. New
job cards were issued for all active workers
153
after 100% verification from 1.04.2017 and
it will be valid for 5 years.
11. From 2017-18, electronic-Muster Roll
(e-MR) has been adopted in all
12,524 village panchayats.
12. Seven mandatory Registers prescribed by
GoI and Job Card Stock Register in addition
are maintained in all Village Panchayats.
13. The notified wage rate for the year 2019-20
is Rs.229 per day w.e.f 01.04.2019 for both
men and women without any difference.
14. The MGNREGS worker can earn full wage
rate if the outturn is 37 Cuft. as per
G.O.(Ms). No. 25 RD & PR (CGS-1) Dept.,
Dated 27.2.2014.
15. If the distance of worksite exceeds 5 kms,
additional wage of 10% of existing wage
rate is payable to meet the cost towards the
additional transportation and living
expenses. However, in Tamil Nadu,
worksites are being selected in such a way
that works are available within a radius of
2 kms.
154
16. Facilities such as drinking water, first aid
kit, shade etc., are provided at the work
sites.
17. Disbursement of wages is done through
National electronic Fund Management
System (Ne-FMS) from 7.11.2016.
18. Grama Sabha conducts the Social Audit in
respect of MGNREGS works through Social
Auditors. i.e. Village Resource Persons
trained from SHG members.
19. All workers shall have the right to
participate in the Grama Sabha and decide
the Shelf of works with the order of priority
to be taken up under MGNREGS in their
Village Panchayat.
20. Worksite Citizen Information Boards
depicting the details of work i.e. Name of
the work, sanctioned amount, duration of
work etc., are installed in all the worksites.
21. A Toll free Help line (1299) has also been
provided in each district as part of Grievance
redressal mechanism.
155
Permissible Works
The permissible works as per the Annual
Master Circular 2019-20 are as follows:
Table 4.1
Permissible works as per the GoI
Annual Master Circular 2019-20
Category A Category B Category C Category D
PUBLIC WORKS
RELATING TO
NATURAL
RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
INDIVIDUAL
ASSETS/COMMON
ASSETS
INCLUDING FOR
VULNERABLE
SECTIONS
COMMON
INFRASTRUCTURE -
FOR NRLM
COMPLIANT SELF
HELP GROUPS
RURAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
Water
conservation and
Water Harvesting
Structures to
augment and
improve
groundwater like
underground
dykes, earthen
dams, stop dams,
check dams with
special focus on
recharging ground
water including
drinking water
sources.
Watershed
management
works such as
contour trenches,
terracing, contour
bunds, boulder
checks, gabion
structures and
springshed
development
resulting in a
comprehensive
treatment of a
watershed.
Micro and Minor
irrigation works
and creation,
renovation and
maintenance of
Improving
productivity of
lands of
households
specified in
Paragraph 5 of
the Schedule I
through land
development and
by providing
suitable
infrastructure for
irrigation
including Dug
wells, Farm
Ponds, Other
water harvesting
structures
Improving
livelihoods
through
Horticulture,
Sericulture,
Plantation, other
kinds of
plantation &
Farm forestry
Development of
fallow or waste
lands of
households in
Para 5 of
schedule I to
bring it under
cultivation.
Works for promoting
agriculture
productivity by
creating durable
infrastructure
required for bio-
fertilisers (NADEP and
Vermi Composting
pits) and post harvest
facilities including
pucca storage
facilities for
agricultural produce;
Common work sheds
for livelihood activities
of Self Help Groups
Construction of
Food Grain Storage
structures
Rural road
connectivity to
unconnected
villages
Construction of
play fields
Disaster
Preparedness and
Restoration of
roads
Public
infrastructure
including flood
control and
protection works
Construction of
buildings for Gram
Panchayats
Construction of
Buildings for
Women self-help
groups,
federations
Cyclone shelters
Anganwadi centres
Village shandies
and crematorium
at Village/Block
level
Production of
building material
required for
156
Category A Category B Category C Category D
PUBLIC WORKS
RELATING TO
NATURAL
RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
INDIVIDUAL
ASSETS/COMMON
ASSETS
INCLUDING FOR
VULNERABLE
SECTIONS
COMMON
INFRASTRUCTURE -
FOR NRLM
COMPLIANT SELF
HELP GROUPS
RURAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
irrigation canals
and drains.
Renovation of
traditional water
bodies including
desiliting of
irrigation tanks
and other water
bodies; and
conservation of old
step wells / baolis.
Afforestation, tree
plantation and
horticulture in
common and
forest lands, road
margins, canal
bunds, tank
foreshores and
coastal belts duly
providing right to
usufruct to the
households
covered in
paragraph 5
Pasture
Development –
Perennial grasses
like stylo, vetiver
etc.,
Bamboo, Rubber
and Coconut
Plantation
Land Development
works in comon
lands
Pasture
Development –
Perennial grasses
like stylo, vetiver
etc.,
Bamboo, Rubber
and Coconut
Plantation
Creating
infrastructure for
promotion of
livestock such as
Poultry
Shelter(brooder
house), Goat
Shelter, piggery
Shelter, Cattle
Shelter and
Fodder troughs
for cattle.
Creating
infrastructure for
promotion of
fisheries such as
fish drying yard,
Storage facilities
and Promotion of
fisheries in
seasonal water
bodies on public
land
Bio fertilisers
(NADEP, Vermi
composting, etc)
Meeting the
expenditure on
unskilled labour
of the houses
under State and
Central
Government
housing schemes
IHHL
(Construction of
IHHL under State
and Central
Housing
Schemes)
construction works
under the Act as
part of the
estimate of such
construction
works.
Maintenance of
rural public assets
created under the
Act
157
Sustainable Development through MGNREGS
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) by its
noble guidelines and objectives enable the
achievement of four goals of “United Nations
Sustainable Development” viz., Zero Hunger, No
Poverty, Climate Change and Gender Equality.
Under MGNREGS, equal wages are paid for men,
women depending upon the value of work done by
them.
It is the only livelihood and poverty
alleviation programme by providing employment to
all willing adult rural households to do unskilled
manual work for minimum 100 days in a year. As
the first and foremost goal of sustainable
development is “No Poverty” in rural areas,
MGNREGA Scheme is feeding millions of Rural poor
by providing employment and thereby addressing
their livelihood and hunger.
Plantation of trees on community and
individual land addresses the issues like climate
change/action. In the year 2019-20, 71 lakh plants
are planted under Massive Tree Plantation and
Avenue Plantation of MGNREGS. Planting of trees
will be done in the Government Schools, Colleges
158
and Government Poramboke lands, parks, public
places and on either side of the roads which will
increase the carbon credits. Further soil and
moisture conservation works and rejuvenation of
Tanks, Ooranies and MI Tanks, supply channels
and other water bodies are being done under
MGNREGS towards sustainable retention of ground
water which plays a vital role in the climate
change.
This scheme is being implemented in rural
areas with the allocation of minimum of 65% of
works on Natural Resource Management (NRM)
works covering Category A assets like Check Dam,
Trench Cutting, Land Development activities,
Renovation of Traditional Water Bodies, etc.
Special Initiatives under the Scheme
Time and Motion Study
• Time and Motion Studies were undertaken for
various categories of works to decide the
quantum of work to be done as per revised
Rural Schedule of Rates.
Rural Connectivity
• In order to provide a good road network
system, within every village and also to
159
provide access to health care, education,
transportation, livelihood and marketing of
rural farm products etc., rural connectivity
was taken up, by providing single layer
metaling upto WBM GR–II layer. In the year
2019-20, 2000 km have been taken up. The
above single layer WBM roads have been
upgraded to BT Roads by other Central / State
Fund Schemes.
Soak Pit
For effective management of waste / Grey
water in rural areas and to tackle the
indiscriminate flow of liquid waste through
streets, habitations and management of grey
water at source by each household / clusters
becomes necessary. Construction of soak pits
in each house not only prevents water
stagnation on the streets but also acts as a
water harvesting structure. 25,000 No. of
Community Soak Pits and 1,75,000 Individual
Soak Pits have been taken up in the year
2019-20. Apart from this, 100 Horizontal and
400 Vertical filter systems were taken up at
cluster level towards Liquid Waste
Management.
160
Construction of Flood Protection / Compound
Wall
In order to protect the school children from
strangers and animals, protect the school
property from vandalism, floods, so as to
provide a safe environment, nurture and
educate the school children it was proposed
to construct Compound Wall / Flood Control
and Protection Wall to School Buildings for
Elementary and Middle Schools in rural areas.
In the year 2019-20, Compound Wall / Flood
Control and Protection Wall to school
Buildings to a length of 250 Kms have been
taken up.
Check Dam
The Government has taken various measures
to increase the ground water level by
construction of farm ponds, renovation of
supply channels and desilting of existing
ponds, ooranies and MI tanks. As a measure
to conserve the rain water and to recharge
the ground water, construction of 10000
Check Dams have been taken up in the year
2019-20.
161
The check dams in the form of boulders check,
Cement Concrete Structure, Gabion Structure
are being constructed to conserve the runoff
water. These small dams retain excess runoff
water during monsoon rains from the upstream
catchment area of the structure, to recharge the
ground water.
Special Initiatives taken during 2019-20
School Toilet to Boys and Girls
School is important for cognitive, creative and
social development of children. Sanitation is
one of the important parameter for the well
being of school children. School toilets are one
of the basic infrastructures required at every
school to maintain sanitation. In some schools
sufficient numbers of toilets are not available to
meet the requirements of the students
studying. Hence, necessity and demand for
construction of additional school toilets is on
the rise, particularly in Rural areas. The
construction of 1000 units of school toilets in
Panchayat Union / Government Elementary
schools and Panchayat Union / Government
Middle Schools in rural areas consisting of 400
units of Toilets for Boys and 600 units of Toilets
162
for Girls have been taken up under MGNREGS
during the FY 2019-20.
Amma Rural Sports Centre
The Government of Tamil Nadu has launched
several schemes to encourage sports activities
among youth in the state, to promote physical
strength with mental well being and spirit of
friendly competition, which in turn, has positive
impact on the overall personality development
of the youth. The development of play grounds
for the 12524 Amma Rural Youth Sports Centre
have been taken up in convergence under
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) covering any
three out of Volley ball Court, Kabadi Court and
Cricket or Ball Badminton during the Financial
Year 2019-20.
Threshing Floor
Edible agricultural products like rice, corn,
cereals and other grains contain chaff/husk
when they are grown in fields. After harvesting,
the edible grain and chaff will be separated out
by means of threshing. Normally, the farmers
carryout threshing in open flat ground nearby
163
agriculture field, thus, there is possibility of
food grains getting mixed with small stones.
Also, the farmers will dry their food grain
products for getting more sale value. Else, the
quality of product will get reduced due to
availability of moisture and stones, thereby
leading to reduced sale value. Hence, threshing
floor will be very much useful for threshing and
drying of food products. Threshing Floors are
the elevated cement concrete platforms
constructed in Panchayat Poramboke lands
available nearby the agricultural field within the
panchayat and will be of much help to all
farmers in rural areas. In 2019-20,
100 Threshing Floors have been taken up.
Paver Block
Interlocking Paver Blocks are considered as one
of the all weather Rural Connectivity. The
Interlocking Paver Blocks provide safe access to
all households during rainy season. In 2019-20,
300 km of Interlocking Paver Blocks have been
taken up.
164
Culverts, Minor Bridges and Causeways
(Cross Drainage Structures)
The Cross drainage structures like Culverts,
Minor Bridges and Causeways play a major
role in allowing flood water and stream water
to pass from one side to other side of the
road without affecting regular traffic. In
2019-20, 700 Culverts, 250 Minor Bridges
and 100 Causeways have been taken up.
‘Water Security and Climate Adaptation”
(WASCA):
Under Mahatma Gandhi NREGS, Mission
Water Conservation is a convergence
framework with scientific planning and
execution of water management works with
the use of latest technology. ‘Water Security
and Climate Adaptation” (WASCA) is a new
MoRD-GIZ (an Indo-German Corporation)
bi-lateral project that will be implemented
during 2019-22, for a period of 3 years. The
project WASCA is approved by both the
governments, ie., MoRD, GoI & German
Government and four pilot states of Tamil
Nadu, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Madya
Pradesh are identified for the project.
165
The focus of the project is on improved
planning, financing, demonstrating models
in two districts per state and private sector
participation. For Tamil Nadu, a detailed
scoping study was conducted by the Centre
for Climate Change and Disaster
Management (CCCDM), Anna University,
Chennai. 18 Indicators were used by the
CCCDM for the study for identification of
most vulnerable districts and finally
Ramanathapuram and Tiruvannamalai have
been shortlisted for piloting this project in
Tamil Nadu. Ramanathapuram being a
coastal district is vulnerable for intrusion of
saline water and Tiruvannamalai is an over-
exploited and water-stressed district.
The implementation of WASCA Project will
be done under Mahatma Gandhi NREGS in
co-ordination with the stakeholder
departments namely Agriculture,
Horticulture, Environment, Forests, Water
Resources Department, State Ground &
Surface Water Resources Data Centre,
Institute of Water Studies (IWS, Taramani),
Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage
166
Board(TWAD), Tamil Nadu Watershed
Development Agency (TAWDEVA),
Horticulture Mission, Fisheries, NABARD, TN
Agriculture University, Central Soil And
Water Conservation Research And Training
Institute, The Nilgiris, Centre for Climate
Change and Disaster Management, Anna
University, State Remote Sensing Centre,
Anna University, Central Ground Water
Board.
Project “Unnati”
Project “UNNATI” intends to upgrade the
skill-base of the Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
workers, and thereby improve their
livelihoods, so that they can move from the
current partial employment to full
employment and thereby reduce their
dependence on Mahatma Gandhi NREGS.
This project will improve the livelihoods of
most needy Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
workers by providing a skill either for self-
employment or wage employment. This
project is meant for providing training for
one adult member (of age 18-45 year) of a
household who has completed 100 days of
167
work under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA in the
previous financial year from the year of
commencement of the project.
Skilling and Wage Employment through –
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya –Grameen
Kaushalya Yojana Scheme and Rural Self
Employment Training Institute (RSETI) and
Skilling for Self Employment through Krishi
Vigyan Kendras. The candidate can avail
only one training. The stipend is Rs.199 per
day and in addition to this, 100 days under
MGNREGS can be availed by the household
under MGNREGA. The scheme will be
implemented in all 36 districts through
TNSRLM and Directorate of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj with
100% of funding by GoI, MoRD.
Cluster Facilitation Project (CFP)
Cluster Facilitation Project (CFP) is an
initiative for addressing poverty in
aspirational Districts and Backward areas
with multi pronged strategy of leveraging
the synergies of different flagship
programmes of Central and State
Government in convergence with Mahatma
168
Gandhi NREGA and State Rural Livelihood
Mission through GIS Planning. Better
coordination and implementation of CFP
either through Civil Society Organisation
(CSO) or through outsourced staff recruited
through HR Agencies has been emphasised
in the guidelines. In Tamil Nadu, the CFP will
be implemented in 5 Blocks viz. two blocks
each in 2 aspirational Districts (i.e)
Ramanathapuram and Virudhunagar
Districts and one backward block from
Sivagangai District. This Project will be
implemented for a period of three years
from 01.04.2020 to 31.03.2023. The Block
is identified by Poor performance under
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA (Low Persondays
Generation, Delay in timely payment etc.,),
High SC / ST population, Tribal areas, Poor
connectivity, Mission Water Conservation
Blocks (Over exploited and Critical Blocks).
The expenditure toward the implementation
of CFP inclusive of Manpower and
infrastructure support is entirely borne by
the Ministry of Rural Development,
Government of India.
169
Achievements
During 2019-20, 22.80 Crore persondays
were generated as on 06.03.2020 with a
total expenditure of Rs.5242.55 Crore.
Timely Payment
During FY 2019-20, 99.64% of wage
payment to workers have been made within
15 days and the MoRD has changed the
timely payment (Stage I) to T+8 and Stage
II (T9+T15).
Good Governance Measures
As suggested by Government of India, Good
Governance Initiatives viz., updation of Job Cards,
Maintenance of 7 Mandatory Registers,
Maintenance of Case Record / Work File and
installation of Citizen Information Board are
effectively implemented through Internal
Monitoring Team at District Level headed by the
Project Director, DRDA and Executive
Engineer(RD) along with all Assistant Directors /
Zonal Officers as per the indicative frame work of
MoRD, GoI.
Likewise, State Level Monitoring Officers are
appointed for the effective implementation of the
170
above Good Governance Initiatives to monitor and
supervise the implementation in the districts.
Payment of Wages through Banks/ e-FMS
The State switched over to National
electronic Fund Management System (Ne FMS)
from 07.11.2016 wherein the wages are credited
to the beneficiaries Bank accounts directly from
Government of India.
Likewise, Administrative and material
expenditure under MGNREGS are made through
e-FMS from 01.04.2017 onwards.
Implementation of e-MR
As per the directives of Government of India
e-MR has been implemented in Tamil Nadu
successfully from November 2017 onwards.
Aadhaar Seeding for all MGNREGS Workers’
accounts
To enable the crediting of wages to
MGNREGS workers account using Aadhaar Based
Payment System (ABPS), the seeding of the
Aadhaar numbers of all MGNREGS workers has
been undertaken in NREGA website.
171
Out of total 88.64 lakh active beneficiaries in
the State, Aadhaar numbers have been seeded for
87.10 lakh (98%) beneficiaries for the year
2019-20. So far, Aadhaar based payment has
been made to 75.49 lakh (85.16%) beneficiaries.
Geo-tagging of Assets
The objective of GeoMGNREGA is to create a
Geographical Information System (GIS) solution
to visualize, analyze and explore the data of
assets created under the MGNREGA. It essentially
enables to view the assets created under
MGNREGA across India on a map. GeoMGNREGA
leverages ‘Bhuvan’, software platform developed
by National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) of
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for
this purpose. While the data of assets is taken
from the NREGASoft application of Ministry of
Rural Development, the unique capabilities of
NREGASoft and Bhuvan are integrated into one
Geospatial Asset Management & Planning tool and
is named as ‘GeoMGNREGA’.
So far 26,17,993 Assets have been
geotagged since inception as on 06.03.2020.
172
National Awards for Best Performing State,
District and Village Panchayat under
MGNREGS
The Ministry of Rural Development,
Government of India organised National Award
Distribution Function for the best implementation
of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme during 2018-19 at
C.Subramanyan Hall, NASC, Pusa, New Delhi on
19.12.2019. Tamil Nadu was honoured with
following 2 National level State Awards, 4 National
Level District Awards, 1 National level Block Award
and 1 National level Gram Panchayat Award.
State Award District Award Block Award
Village
Panchayat
Award
Best Performance
in “Work
Completion” – 1
st
Rank
“Implementation
of Mission Water
Conservation” –
1
st
Rank
Effective
implementation
of MGNREGA by
District Team –
Vellore district
Implementation
of Timely
Payment of
Wages (T+8) -
Tiruchirappalli
district – 1
st
Rank
Work Completion
- Karur district
– 2
nd
Rank
Implementation
of Timely
Payment of
wages (T+8) -
St Thomas
Mount,
Kancheepuram
District - 1
st
Rank
Implementation
of Mahatma
Gandhi NREGS -
Selugai Village
Panchayat,
Devakottai
Block,
Sivagangai
District.
173
State Award District Award Block Award
Village
Panchayat
Award
Construction of
structures
augmenting
Water
Harvesting under
Mahatma Gandhi
NREGS –
Vellore district
– 2
nd
Rank
Labour Budget Planning Exercise during
2020-21
The labour Budget is being prepared
through a “bottom up” approach by each Village
Panchayat (VP) duly approved by the respective
Grama Sabha. Cluster-wise analysis is being
undertaken for the preparation of Labour Budget
and finalisation of the Labour Budget for 2020-21
in the Grama Sabha and special Grama Sabha
conducted on 02.10.2019 and 25.10.2019
respectively.
The Empowered Committee meeting, GoI,
MoRD to approve Labour Budget for the year
2020-21 was conducted on 13.03.2020.
174
SOCIAL AUDIT
Definition
As per section 3 (1) of the Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Audit of
Schemes Rules 2011, the State Government shall
facilitate the conduct of Social Audit of the works
taken up under the Act in every Gram Panchayat
at least once in six months by the Gram Sabha.
Social Audit is a comprehensive audit done by the
people with the guidance of the Social Audit staff.
Apart from financial aspects, it looks at processes
and Social, equity and performance aspects. It is
an information, Education and Communication
(IEC) tool, which enforces transparency and
accountability and promotes participation of
stakeholders in all stages (planning, design,
implementation and evaluation) of development
initiatives.
Scope
The Social Audit Society of Tamil Nadu
facilitates the conduct of Social Audit by Gram
Sabhas to ensure the proper implementation of the
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme in the State, as approved by
the Central and State Governments.
175
Establishment
Social Audit Unit was registered as “Social
Audit Society of Tamil Nadu” (SASTA) on
9
th
January 2013 under Tamil Nadu Societies
Registration Act 1975 according to
G.O. (Ms) No.125, RD & PR (CGS.1) Department,
dated: 21.12.2012, in which the bye-laws for the
formation of SASTA were approved.
An independent Social Audit Unit with a
Director, two Joint Directors and one Assistant
Director from Rural Development and Panchayat
Raj Department along with resource persons was
established in the year 2013 (G.O. (Ms) No. 64,
RD & PR (CGS.1) Department dated: 27.07.2012).
Further, 44 District Resource Persons, 31
Supporting Staffs and 770 Block Resource Persons
have been sanctioned vide G.O. (Ms) No. 64, RD &
PR (CGS.1) Department, dated 27.07.2012. The
post of District Resource Persons have been
reduced from 44 to 31 vide 4
th
Governing Body
meeting Resolution No. 3 (b) dated 29.7.2016.
The District Resource Persons monitor the
conduct of Social Audits in their respective
Districts and submit the findings and special
reports to the Director of Social Audit. The Block
176
Resource Persons along with Village Panchayat
Resource Persons from the adjoining Panchayats
facilitate the Social Audit as per the Social Audit
Annual Calendar and submit the findings before
the Gram Sabha. 24,831 Women Self Help Group
members who have completed a minimum of 25
days of MGNREGS work and who have passed 8
th
standard have been selected as Village Panchayat
Resource Persons (VPRPs). These VPRPs have
been imparted with the necessary training for 4
days based on the manual developed by Ministry
of Rural Development.
Area of Operation
The area of operation of the Society covers
all rural areas of Tamil Nadu consisting of
36 Districts with 388 Panchayat Unions and 12,524
Village Panchayats (except Balamore Village
Panchayat of Tiruvattar Block in Kanniyakumari
District wherein MGNREGS work do not happen as
it is covered with Rubber estates).
Social Audit Process
The Social Audit process consists of activities
for 5 days as detailed below:-
177
Social Audit Activities during the year
2019-20
During the year 2019-20, regular Social Audit
had been completed in all 12,523 Village
Panchayats and Spill Over Social Audit had been
completed in 2,188 Village Panchayats. Thus,
Day 01
a) Co-ordination meeting at Village Panchayat
level with the Block officials, elected
representatives and Self Help Group
members for the smooth conduct of Social
Audit.
b) Verification of records received from Village
Panchayat office and Block Development
Office by the Village Panchayat Resource
Persons (VPRP) and Block Resource Person.
c) Conduct of Habitation level awareness
meeting on Social Audit in the evening.
Day 02
Door to door verification of Job Cards with
e-Muster Roll, interaction with the
beneficiaries and receipt of grievance
petitions.
Day 03
Inspection of the worksite; field level
measurements of the works.
Day 04 Preparation of Social Audit Report.
Day 05 Conduct of Special Grama Sabha.
178
Social Audits have been conducted for 14,711
village panchayats during the year 2019-20.
During the year, 24 District Resource Persons,
and 580 Block Resource Persons had been
engaged in the Social Audit process.
All the Social Audit Reports for the year
2019-20 have been compiled and the same had
been uploaded on the MGNREGA website
(www.nrega.nic.in.)
Impact of Social Audit
Social Audit is being conducted by the
beneficiaries/the stakeholders themselves, as a
result of which the impact of Social Audit is
tremendous, both among the beneficiaries and the
implementing agencies. Deliberations that take
place during the Special Gram Sabhas convened to
discuss the Social Audit report are akin to public
hearings. The process of Social Audit also helps
the workers become aware of their rights and
entitlements. Rectifications on the findings of the
Social Audit take place in the Special Gram
Sabhas. As a result of Social Audit, the
maintenance of records at Village and Block levels
have also improved.
179
Social Audit activities for the year 2020-21
A detailed calendar for the conduct of Social
Audit in all 12,523 Village Panchayats during the
year 2020-21 is under preparation. After the
Annual Calendar for the year 2020-21 is drawn up,
the same will be printed and the copy will be
provided to the District Collector, Project Director
of District Rural Development Agency, Assistant
Director (Audit) and Assistant Director
(Panchayats) of all the districts, Director of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj, the Ministry of
Rural Development, Government of India and the
National Institute of Rural Development,
Hyderabad.
Based on the guidelines issued for the
respective Schemes, Social Audit has been
proposed to be extended to other Schemes like the
National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP),
Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G)
and Dr. Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Nutritious Noon
Meal Programmes from the year 2020 – 21
onwards.
180
4.2. Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-
(Gramin) (PMAY-G)
The Centrally sponsored housing scheme
Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) was revamped and
renamed as Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana
(Gramin) (PMAY-G) from the year 2016-17.
The scheme aims to provide pucca houses
with basic amenities to all poor houseless and
households living in huts and dilapidated houses in
rural areas.
Socio-Economic Caste Census-2011
(SECC-2011) data is used to identify the
beneficiaries through Grama Sabha.
60% of total target under PMAY(G) is
earmarked to SC/ST, 40% for others (including
minorities). In both the categories, 5% of
allocation is made for physically challenged
persons. The Plinth area of each house is
269 Sq. Ft.
The Government of India has fixed unit cost
for a house as Rs.1.20 lakh. The funding for the
scheme is shared between Central and State
Government in the ratio of 60:40 (Central share
Rs.72,000 and State share Rs.48,000). The
Government of Tamil Nadu provides Rs.50,000 for
181
RCC roofing cost from the State fund which is in
addition to the unit cost. Hence, the total unit cost
of a house in Tamil Nadu is Rs.1.70 lakh.
In addition to the Unit Cost, each beneficiary
is paid the notified wage rate in force under
MGNREGS towards utilization of 90 persondays
for the construction of the house.
(90 x Rs.229 = Rs.20,610)
Further, a sum of Rs.12,000 is provided to
the beneficiary for construction of Individual House
Hold Latrine (IHHL) in convergence with
MGNREGS.
Apart from these, cement is provided to the
beneficiaries at subsidized rate. In addition steel,
doors & windows are also provided based on the
need of the beneficiaries and the proportionate
cost for supply of materials is deducted from the
payments due to the beneficiaries.
Since 2015-16, payments to the
beneficiaries are being credited directly to their
bank account through Public Financial Management
System (PFMS).
The Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin),
programme implementation and monitoring is
carried out through AwaasSoft and
AwaasApp.These two IT applications provide
182
effective monitoring mechanism for the stage wise
implementation of the scheme.
Socio-Economic Caste Census-2011
(SECC-2011) data is used to identify the
beneficiaries through Grama Sabha under
PMAY(G). But it was found that many eligible
beneficiaries were left out in SECC-2011 data.
Based on the instructions of Government of India,
to include the left out eligible beneficiaries in SECC
Data 2011, the State had conducted survey in all
Districts and identified 9.11 lakh eligible
beneficiaries and their names with details have
been entered in the “Awaasplus” application and
Government of India approval is awaited.
A new grievance redressal mechanism
named Appellate Committee has been introduced
in PMAY(G) and constituted at District level to
consider the complaints of the beneficiaries
regarding the inclusion / exclusion of their names
in the beneficiary list and resolve the same.
Under PMAY(G), 5,27,552 houses are being
constructed at a total cost of Rs.8968.38 Crore for
the years 2016-17 to 2019-20, with state share of
Rs.5170.01 crore.
183
4.3. Member of Parliament Local Area
Development Scheme (MPLADS)
In the year 1993, the Member of Parliament
Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) had
been launched by the Govt. of India which
provides infrastructure facilities and bridging the
gaps existing in the infrastructure facilities in Rural
and Urban areas. Government of India has
enhanced the annual allocation from Rs.2 Crore to
Rs.5 crore per constituency from the year
2011-12. In Tamil Nadu, Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj Department is the nodal
department for implementation of the scheme. The
District Collectors accord administrative sanction
for the works proposed by the MPs. The guidelines
contain an illustrative list of works that can be
taken and a ‘negative list of works’ which are not
permitted under this scheme. Maintenance works
of any type like desilting of ponds, rivers, tanks,
canals, etc., are not permitted under MPLADS.
Various works have been taken at an
allotment of Rs.290 Crore in various categories
under MPLADS during 2019-20 as shown in the
table below:
184
Table 4.2
Details of works taken under MPLADS during
2019-20
4.4. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
(PMGSY)
The Government of India introduced the
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) with
the objective of providing all-weather road
connectivity to unconnected habitations with a
population of more than 500. Upgradation of
existing roads was also permitted under the
scheme.
The scheme was introduced with 100%
funding by the Government of India. However,
from 2015-16, PMGSY is being implemented on a
fund sharing basis with 60% (Central share) and
40% (State share).
Sl.
No
Category of works
No.of
works
1 Buildings 155
2 Road 209
3 Water Supply 143
4 CD and Irrigation works 276
5 Others 732
Total 1,515
185
PMGSY I
Under PMGSY I, from 2000-01 to 2018-19,
MoRD has sanctioned 7,678 number of Village
Panchayat & Panchayat Union roads and Other
District Roads (ODRs) for a length of
16,321 Km and 98 bridges at a cost of
Rs.4,846 crore. This includes a state share of
Rs.723.64 crore.
Table 4.3
Details of works sanctioned under PMGSY I
Sl.
No
Phase Year
Nos.
Length
(in Km)
Value (Rs in
crore)
1 I 2000-01 862 1,442.12 152.91
2 II 2001-02 444 795.09 114.27
3 III 2003-04 491 1,096.40 159.07
4 IV 2004-05 393 778.31 111.35
5 V 2005-06 365 799.59 170.84
6 VI 2006-07 810 2,049.02 459.82
7 VII 2007-08 1,581 3,010.32 853.72
8 VIII 2012-13 1,338 3,089.06 1,125.85
9 IX 2014-15 401 940.47 352.97
10 X 2016-17 589 1,321.81 718.47
11 XI 2018-19 502 998.57 626.41
Total 7,776 16,320.80 4,845.68
186
PMGSY II
The Government of India introduced PMGSY
II for consolidating the rural road network by
upgrading Through Routes (TRs) and Major Rural
Links (MRLs) leading to Growth Centers and Rural
Hubs.
Tamil Nadu has got sanctions for
860 number of roads to a length of 2,940 Km and
34 bridges at a cost of Rs.1,434 crore which
includes a state share of Rs.620.33 crore.
Table 4.4
Details of works sanctioned under PMGSY II
Sl.
No
Year
Nos.
Length
(in Km)
Value (Rs in
crore)
1 2017-18 790 2,653.58 1,240.94
2 2018-19 104 286.84 192.80
Total 894 2,940.42 1,433.74
PMGSY III
Tamil Nadu by virtue of achieving its targets
under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana I and
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana II has become
eligible for Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana III.
The objective of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak
Yojana III is to upgrade existing Through Routes
and Major Rural Links that connect habitations to
Gramin Agricultural Market (GraMs), High/Higher
Secondary Schools and Hospitals. Government of
187
India has allocated an overall target of 7,375 Km
length of roads to Tamil Nadu under PMGSY III.
Performance Incentive under PMGSY
Based on the achievement of annual targets
under PMGSY, the Government of India had
introduced, during 2016-17, sanctioning of
Incentive grant to the states under PMGSY.
Tamil Nadu was awarded incentive grants
during 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 of
Rs.55.58 crore, Rs.45.32 crore and Rs. 30.14 crore
respectively.
The incentive grant is utilised for periodic
maintenance of 2,168 Km length of PMGSY roads
which have completed 5 years routine
maintenance and for this, the state has provided
its share of Rs.87.35 crore.
Table 4.5
Details of Incentive Grant under PMGSY
Sl.No
Year
Incentive Grant
(Rs in crore)
Works Taken
GoI State Total
No. of
Roads
Length
in Km
1 2016-17 55.58 37.05 92.63 561 959
2 2017-18 45.32 30.21 75.53 442 730
3 2018-19 30.14 20.09 50.23 270 479
Total 131.04
87.35 218.39 1,273 2,168
188
eMARG – Electronics Maintenance of Rural
Roads under PMGSY
Maintenance of all PMGSY roads is essential
to preserve the asset created with huge
investments. In order to monitor the status of
maintenance of roads, MoRD has introduced a web
portal called eMARG. eMARG enables Performance
Based Maintenance of PMGSY roads.
Status of Unconnected Habitations
At the time of inception of PMGSY
programme in 2000, Tamil Nadu had
2,402 unconnected habitations with a population
of more than 500. Out of these, 2,386 habitations
have been provided connectivity through PMGSY
and other State schemes. The remaining
16 unconnected habitations could not be proposed
under PMGSY due to non-availability of required
land or due to Forest Department clearance.
In order to ensure 100% connectivity, it was
announced in the Budget speech for the year
2018-19 that “State Government is committed to
provide road connectivity and other basic
amenities to all rural habitations. Also, the
16 tribal habitations having a population of more
189
than 500 that remains unconnected by all-weather
roads will be provided with road connectivity”.
Based on the above announcement, so far
9 habitations have been connected under various
State schemes and for the remaining
7 unconnected habitations, necessary steps are
being taken to obtain Forest Department clearance
to take up the work.
4.5. Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)
The Government of India launched Phase-I
of Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)-(SBM (G)) on
2nd October 2014 with an objective of accelerating
the efforts to achieve universal sanitation
coverage. The Mission has now been extended
with a focus on ODF Plus which includes ODF
Sustainability and Solid and Liquid Waste
Management under Phase – II.
Objective of the Scheme
The main objectives of SBM (G) are as under:
a) Bring about an improvement in the general
quality of life in the rural areas, by promoting
cleanliness, hygiene and eliminating open
defecation.
190
b) Motivate Communities and Panchayat Raj
Institutions to adopt sustainable sanitation
practices and access facilities through
awareness creation and health education.
c) Develop wherever required, Community
managed sanitation systems focusing on
scientific Solid and Liquid Waste Management
systems for overall cleanliness in the rural
areas.
Components of Swachh Bharat Mission
(Gramin)
Individual Household Latrine (IHHL),
Community Managed Sanitary Complex and Solid
and Liquid Waste Management are the important
components of SBM (G).
(a) Individual Household Latrines
A duly completed household sanitary latrine
shall comprise of a Toilet Unit including a
substructure, a super structure with water facility.
Eligible Households are given an incentive amount
of Rs.12,000 for the construction of IHHL. The
Mission aims to ensure that all rural families have
access to toilets.
191
(b) Community Managed Sanitary Complexes
Community Managed Sanitary Complexes
comprising an appropriate number of toilet seats,
bathing cubicles, wash basin, etc., are set up in a
place in the village, acceptable and accessible to
all. The maximum support per unit prescribed for a
Community Managed Sanitary Complex is now
fixed as Rs.3 lakh under Phase II.
(c) Solid and Liquid Waste Management
(SLWM)
SLWM is one of the components of SBM (G)
programme. The total assistance for SLWM
projects under SBM (G) Phase II will be worked
out on the per capita basis.
Awards and Recognition
Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) is not a
mere programme of constructing toilets but it has
emerged as a ‘Mass Movement’ with the huge and
effective participation of Community, which
reflected in the recent independent survey,
‘Swachh Survekshan Gramin 2019’, conducted by
the Ministry of Jal Shakti, to ascertain the
Cleanliness status of the Village in respect of ODF
status and Solid and Liquid Waste Management
192
activities. Tamil Nadu secured ‘Overall Best State’
award from the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India in
the Swachh Bharat event held at Ahmedabad on
2
nd
October, 2019.
4.6. National Rurban Mission (NRuM)
National Rurban Mission (NRuM) was
launched by Government of India on 16.09.2015
aiming at developing cluster of villages with
facilities perceived to be essentially urban in
nature, thus creating “Rurban Villages”. The
objective of the National Rurban Mission (NRuM) is
to stimulate local economic development, enhance
basic services and create well planned Rurban
clusters.
Criteria for Selection of Rurban Cluster
As per National Rurban Mission Guidelines, a
‘Rurban Cluster’ would be a cluster of
geographically contiguous villages with the
population of about 25,000 to 50,000 in plain
area.
Non-Tribal and Tribal are two categories of
clusters under NRuM. For selection of Non-Tribal
cluster, Ministry of Rural Development, New Delhi
has prescribed the following norms.
193
Criteria Weightage
Decadal growth in rural population
Rise in land values
Decadal increase in non farm work force
participation
% of enrollment of girls in secondary
schools
80%
% Households with bank accounts
under Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
(PMJDY)
Performance in Swachh Bharat Mission
(Gramin)
20%
The Government of India has approved the
following clusters under National Rurban Mission
(NRuM) in three phases.
Sl.
No.
Name of District
Name of Cluster
No.of
Panchayats
PHASE – I (2016-2019)
1 Tiruvallur Kuthambakkam 11
2 Sivagangai Vaniyankudi 7
3 Tiruppur Velayuthampalayam 6
4 Coimbatore Madukkarai 9
5 Tirunelveli Suthamalli 14
Total 47
PHASE – II (2017-2020)
1 Kancheepuram Singaperumal Kovil 7
2 Madurai Kovilpappakudi 16
3 Thanjavur Thirumalaisamudram
9
Total 32
194
Sl.
No.
Name of District
Name of Cluster
No.of
Panchayats
PHASE – III (2018-2021)
1 Kanniyakumari Chadayamangalam 5
2 Theni Seelayampatti 7
3 Krishnagiri Alasapalli
Batravapalli
7
Total 19
Funding Pattern
Government of India has provided Critical
Gap Fund to the clusters to supplement the short
fall in funding available through various
Government schemes in achieving the outcomes
desired for the cluster. For plain areas, the CGF
will be capped at 30% of the Project Capital
expenditure or Rs.30 crores, whichever is less.
The Rurban Mission is executed with a financial
sharing pattern of 60:40 (Central and State
Government).
Table 4.6
Critical Gap Fund under National Rurban
Mission
(Rs in Crore)
Sl.
No.
Phase
Scheme
Period
No. of
Clusters
Amount
allocated
1 Phase – I 2016-2019 5 150.00
2 Phase – II 2017-2020 3 90.00
3 Phase - III 2018-2021 3 90.00
Total 11 330.00
195
The CGF and convergence funds are being
utilized for the works under the components such
as skill development training linked to Economic
activities, Agro processing, Health, Education,
Sanitation, Water supply , Solid and Liquid Waste
Management, Village street and drains, Street
light, Inter village road connectivity, Public
Transport, LPG gas, Digital Literacy and Citizen
service centre in each cluster.
Rurbansoft Portal was developed by
Government of India for monitoring of the
Scheme. The details of Integrated Cluster Action
Plan (ICAP) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) are
being entered in RurbanSoft.
As per the instructions of Government of
India steps are being taken for the Integration of
the vendor payments using expenditure module
protocol through Public Financial Management
System (PFMS) in RurbanSoft.
4.7. Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan
(RGSA)
Government of India introduced the
restructured RGSA scheme which aims to
strengthen capacities of institutions for rural local
good governance to become more responsive
196
towards local development needs. It also aims to
prepare people’s participatory plans, leveraging
technologies for effectively utilising available
resources for realising sustainable solutions to
local problems linked to SDGs. The Panchayats
have therefore been designated as a key player for
implementation of the United Nations SDGs to be
achieved by 2030.
Objectives of RGSA
Develop governance capabilities of PRIs to
deliver on the SDGs.
Enhance capabilities of Panchayats for
inclusive local governance with focus on
optimum utilization of available resources
and convergence with other schemes to
address issues of national importance.
Enhance capabilities of Panchayats to raise
their own sources of revenue.
Strengthen Gram Sabhas to function
effectively as the basic forum of people’s
participation, transparency and accountability
within the Panchayat system.
197
Develop a network of institutions of
excellence to support capacity building and
handholding for PRIs.
Strengthen institutions for capacity
enhancement of PRIs at various.
Promote e-governance and other technology
driven solutions to enable good governance
in Panchayats for administrative efficiency
and improved service delivery.
Recognise and incentivize PRIs based on
performance.
Funding Pattern
RGSA is executed with a financial sharing
pattern of 60: 40 (Central and State Government).
The Government of India provides fund for
Training, Training Infrastructure and Human
Resources,Distance learning, Innovative activities,
Technical support to PRI, Administrative and
Financial Data Analysis and Planning Cell,
Panchayat Building and Community Hall,
E-enablement of Panchayats, Project based
support for Economic Development and Income
enhancement, IEC (2%) and Programme
Management (5%).
198
The Government of India has sanctioned an
amount of Rs.190.37 crore under RGSA for the
year 2019-20 for conducting various training
Programmes and also for the creation of
Infrastructure facilities.
4.8. Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY)
Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) was
launched by Government of India on 11.10.2014.
The guidelines of Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
(SAGY) have been made available in the web-site
www.saanjhi.gov.in
Saansad Adharsh Gram Yojana aims at
holistic development of people of all walks of life
through convergence. The Village Panchayat is the
basic unit for implementation of the scheme. Each
Member of Parliament should identify one Village
Panchayat with a population of 3000-5000 in plain
areas and 1000-3000 in hilly tribal and difficult
areas. However, in districts where this unit size is
not available, Village Panchayats approximating
the desirable population size can be chosen. The
Member of Parliament is vested with liberty to
identify a suitable Village Panchayat for being
developed as model Village Panchayat (Adarsh
199
Gram), other than his/her own village or that of
his/her spouse. The Lok Sabha MP has to choose
a Village Panchayat from within his / her
constituency and Rajya Sabha MP a Village
Panchayat from the rural area of a District of his /
her choice in the state from which he / she is
elected. Nominated MPs may choose a Village
Panchayat from the rural area of any District in the
country. In case of urban constituencies, (where
there are no Village Panchayats), the Member of
Parliament will identify a Village Panchayat from a
nearby rural constituency. The MP will identify one
Village Panchayat to be taken up immediately, two
others to be taken up a little later. Primarily, the
goal is to develop 3 model Village Panchayats by
March 2019, of which one would be achieved by
2016. Thereafter, 5 such model Village
Panchayats (one per year) will be selected and
developed by 2024.
The Government have constituted the State
Level Empowered Committee under the
Chairmanship of the Chief Secretary to
Government with members nominated vide
G.O.(Ms) No.23, Rural Development & Panchayat
200
Raj (CGS.II) Department, Date:13.2.2015 for
monitoring this programme.
The development of Village Panchayats
identified under SAGY is intended to convergence
and implementation of existing Government
schemes and programmes without allocating
additional funds or starting new infrastructure or
construction schemes. “The resources should be
used in a convergent and integrated manner to
generate maximum synergy. In respect of Central
Sector / Centrally Sponsored Schemes /
Programmes, the Ministries / Departments
concerned will take appropriate action to make
suitable changes in the guidelines to enable
priority to be given to the Adarsh Gram”.
A number of State schemes are also
required to be converged with this scheme for
maximising outcomes.
4.9. New National Bio-Gas and Organic
Manure Management Programme
(NNBOMP)
The New National Bio-Gas and Organic
Manure Management Programme (NNBOMP) is a
201
Centrally Sponsored Scheme, which aims at
effective use of organic waste and converting it
into renewable energy in rural areas.
The Government of India had defined the
objectives of the scheme as follows:-
i. to provide clean gaseous fuel mainly for
cooking purposes and organic manure to rural
and semi urban households through family
type bio-gas plants
ii. to mitigate drudgery of rural women, reduce
pressure on forests and accentuate social
benefits
iii. to improve sanitation in villages by linking
sanitary toilets with biogas plants
iv. to provide bio digested slurry (liquid / semi-
solid and dried) as an upgraded source of
enrichment for manure to reduce and / or
supplement use of chemical fertilizers by
linking biogas digested slurry with enrichment
units such as vermi-composting plants
v. to meet ‘lifeline energy’ needs for cooking as
envisaged in “Integrated Energy Policy” report
of the Planning Commission.
202
This scheme is 100 % funded by the Central
Government.
Table 4.7
Details of Subsidy components
Sl.
No.
Description
Subsidy amount for Family Type Bio
-
Gas
Plants under NNBOMP (in Rupees)
1
Cubic
Metre
2
-
6
Cubic
Metre
8
-
10
Cubic
Metre
15
Cubic
Metre
20
-
25
Cubic
Metre
1
General
Category
7,500 12,000
16,000
20,000
25,000
2
SC/ST
Category
10,000
13,000
18,000
21,000
28,000
3
Addl. subsidy for cattle
dung
based bio
-
gas plants if linked with sanitary toilets,
only for individual household fixed -
Rs.1600/-
-Nil -
-Nil -
4
Turn Key
Job fee
Rs. 2,500 per plant
Under this scheme, target is fixed as
1,000 plants for the year 2019-20 and the works
are under progress.
203
5. Establishment
204
5.1. Gazetted Establishment
Rural Development and Panchayat Raj
Department is an important Department in the
State Administration which is responsible for the
creation of rural infrastructure, maintenance of
basic amenities, road connectivity, sanitation,
housing, livelihood and local governance through
Central and State funds. All these activities
including Centrally sponsored and State funding
schemes are planned, executed and monitored
through State and District level officers of the
department.
Table 5.1
Category wise Staff Strength
Government Employees – Gazetted Establishment
Sl.
No.
Name of the
Post
Sanctioned
Strength
Scale of Pay
1.
Additional
Director of Rural
Development
18
Rs.123400 – 216300
(Level 29)
2. Joint Director 86
Rs.61900
–
196700
(Level 26)
3. Assistant Director 393
Rs.56100
–
177500
(Level 22)
4.
Block
Development
Officer
1061
Rs.37700 – 119500
(Level 20)
Total 1558
205
Creation of Posts for the New Districts and
Blocks
The following posts have been sanctioned in the
newly formed Chengalpattu, Ranipet, Tirupathur,
Kallakurichi and Tenkasi Districts.
Sl.
No.
Name of the Post
Sanctioned
Strength
Scale of Pay
1. Joint Director 10
Rs.61900
–
196700
(Level 26)
2. Assistant Director 40
Rs.56100
–
177500
(Level 22)
3.
Block Development
Officer
30
Rs.37700
–
119500
(Level 20)
Total
80
The following post has also been sanctioned
in the newly formed Eriyur and Kadathur Blocks in
Dharmapuri District and Srimushnam Block in
Cuddalore District.
Sl.
No.
Name of the Post
Sanctioned
Strength
Scale of Pay
1.
Block Development
Officer
6
Rs.37700
–
119500
(Level 20)
Total
6
The Government have sanctioned adequate
cadre strength and ensures that the entitled
benefits to the staff are granted and taken care of.
206
There are 18 Additional Directors working in
this department and among them 3 Additional
Directors are on deputation to other
departments.
There are 86 Joint Directors working in this
department and among them 6 Joint Directors
are on deputation to other departments.
402 Assistant Directors are working in this
department.
5.2. Engineering Establishment
For Construction and Maintenance of Rural
Infrastructure and basic amenities, an Engineering
Establishment consisting of Technical Officers is
functioning in this Department.
Table. 5.2
Category Wise Technical Officers Strength
Sl.
No.
Name of the Post
Sanctioned
Strength
Scale of Pay
1.
Superintending
Engineer
3
Rs.123100
-
215900
(Level 28)
2. Executive Engineer 43
Rs.61900
-
196700
(Level 26)
3.
Assistant Executive
Engineer
177
Rs.59300
-
187700
(Level 25)
4. Assistant Engineer 930
Rs.56100
-
177500
(Level 22)
5.
Senior Draughting
Officer
31
Rs.37700
-
119500
(Level 20)
207
Sl.
No.
Name of the Post
Sanctioned
Strength
Scale of Pay
6. Junior Engineer 317
Rs.35900
–
113500
(Level 13)
7. Overseer/JDO 2587
Rs.35400
–
112400
(Level- 11)
8. Road Inspector 1145
Rs.19500
-
62000
(Level 8)
Total 5233
Creation of Posts for the New Districts and
Blocks
The following posts have been sanctioned in
the newly formed Chengalpattu, Ranipet,
Tirupathur, Kallakurichi and Tenkasi Districts.
Sl.
No.
Name of the Post
Sanctioned
Strength
Scale of Pay
1. Executive Engineer 5
Rs.61900
-
196700
(Level 26)
2.
Assistant
Executive Engineer
20
Rs.59300
-
187700
(Level 25)
3. Assistant Engineer 21
Rs.56100
-
177500
(Level 22)
4.
Senior Draughting
Officer
5
Rs.37700
-
119500
(Level 20)
5. Overseer/JDO 21
Rs.35400
–
112400
(Level- 11)
Total
72
208
The following posts have also been sanctioned
in the newly formed Eriyur and Kadathur Blocks in
Dharmapuri District and Srimushnam Block in
Cuddalore District.
Sl.
No.
Name of the Post
Sanctioned
Strength
Scale of Pay
1. Assistant Engineer 9
Rs.56100
-
177500
(Level 22)
2. Overseer/JDO 13
Rs.35400
–
112400
(Level- 11)
3. Road Inspector 6
Rs.19500
-
62000
(Level 8)
Total
28
There are 46 Executive Engineers working in
this department and among them 8 Executive
Engineers are on deputation to other
departments.
Out of 189 Assistant Executive Engineers
working in this department, 14 of them are
on deputation to other departments.
There are 946 Assistant Engineers,
317 Junior Engineers, 34 Senior Draughting
Officers, 2,605 Overseers / Junior Draughting
Officers and 1147 Road Inspectors working in
this Department. Out of 946 Assistant
Engineers working in this Department, 11 of
209
them are on deputation to other
Departments. Similarly, out of 317 Junior
Engineers working in this Department, 6 of
them are on deputation to other Department.
5.3. Deputation of Senior Officers to other
Departments
The Senior Officers of this department in the
cadre of Additional Director, Joint Director,
Executive Engineer, Assistant Director and
Assistant Executive Engineer have also been
deputed to other Departments / Agencies such as
Special Programme Implementation Department,
State Planning Commission, Animal Husbandry,
Dairying and Fisheries Department, Tamil Nadu
Electricity Board, Tamil Nadu Watershed
Development Agency, Mono Rail Project,
Entrepreneurship Development Institute, Social
Welfare and Noon Meals Programme Department,
Tamil Nadu Adi-dravidar Housing & Development
Corporation Limited (TAHDCO), Tamil Nadu Co-
operative Milk Producers Fedaration Limited
(Aavin), Chennai Metropolitan Development
Agency (CMDA), State Industries Promotion
Corporation of TamilNadu (SIPCOT) Directorate of
Town Panchayat, National Rural Health Mission
210
(NRHM), National Rural Infrastructure
Development Agency (NRIDA), IFAD assisted Post
Tsunami Sustainable Livelihoods Programme
(PTSLP), Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments
Board, Tamil Nadu Text Books and Educational
Services Corporation, Tamil Nadu Cable TV
Corporation, etc. The exposure to schemes and
experience gained by the officers in other
departments equip them to improve their skills in
the service of public.
5.4. Non-Gazetted Establishment
Service matters of employees of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj Department
covered under Basic Service Rules, Tamilnadu
Ministerial Service Rules and Panchayat
Development Subordinate Service Rules are being
dealt in Non-Gazetted Establishment Unit. Along
with that, the welfare of the employees of the
Local Bodies i.e., Panchayat Unions and Village
Panchayats are also taken care under this wing.
The details of sanctioned strength of various
categories of staff under Non-Gazetted
Establishment and their present level of pay is
tabulated below:
211
Table. 5.3
Details of the Employees under NGE
Sl.
No.
Designation of
the Post
Sanctioned
Strength
Level of Pay
a) Government Employees
i)
Dy. Block
Development
Officer
3926 Rs.36900-116600
ii) Assistant 5522 Rs.20600-65500
iii) Junior Assistant 3110 Rs.19500-62000
iv) Steno Typist 178 Rs.20600-65500
v) Typist 1033 Rs.19500-62000
vi) Driver 880 Rs.19500-62000
vii) Record Clerk 131 Rs.15900-50400
viii) Office Assistant 691 Rs.15700-50000
ix) Night Watchman 121 Rs.15700-50000
x) Masalji 14 Rs.15700-50000
Category of Local body Employees
b) Panchayat Union Employees
i) Driver 770 Rs.19500-62000
ii) Record Clerk 387 Rs.15900-50400
iii) Office Assistant 1521 Rs.15700-50000
iv) Night Watchman 377 Rs.15700-50000
v) Masalji 9 Rs.15700-50000
c) Village Panchayat Employees
i)
Panchayat
Secretary
12525 Rs.15900-50400
ii)
Sweepers
Special Time Scale 26404 Rs.4100-12500
iii) OHT Operator 40419
Rs.2600
Consolidated Pay
212
Creation of posts for the New Districts and
Blocks.
The following posts have been sanctioned to
the newly formed Chengalpattu, Ranipet,
Tirupathur, Kallakurichi and Tenkasi Districts.
The following posts have been sanctioned to
the newly formed Eriyur and Kadathur Blocks in
Dharmapuri District and Srimushnam Block in
Cuddalore District.
Sl.
No.
Designation of
the Post
Sanctioned
Strength
Level of Pay
i) Dy. Block
Development
Officer
30 Rs.36900-116600
ii) Assistant 122 Rs.20600-65500
iii) Junior Assistant 72 Rs.19500-62000
iv) Steno Typist 20 Rs.20600-65500
v) Typist 35 Rs.19500-62000
vi) Driver 55 Rs.19500-62000
vii) Record Clerk 21 Rs.15900-50400
viii) Office Assistant 75 Rs.15700-50000
ix) Night Watchman 14 Rs.15700-50000
Total
444
213
Sl.
No.
Designation of
the Post
Sanctioned
Strength
Level of Pay
i)
Dy. Block
Development
Officer
22 Rs.36900-116600
ii) Assistant 26 Rs.20600-65500
iii) Junior Assistant 14 Rs.19500-62000
iv) Typist 5 Rs.19500-62000
v) Driver 9 Rs.19500-62000
vi) Record Clerk 3 Rs.15900-50400
vii) Office Assistant 12 Rs.15700-50000
viii) Night Watchman 3 Rs.15700-50000
Total
94
1) Filling up of Vacancies
Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission has
been requested to fill up the 205 Assistants, 475
Junior Assistants, 226 typists and 60 Steno typists
vacancies by direct recruitment for the year
2018-19 & 2019-20. The Basic service vacancies
are filled by direct recruitment through
Employment Exchange and calling applications
through newspapers.
During the year 2019-20, 27 posts being
10% vacancies reserved to Record Clerk / Office
Assistant / Night Watchman and 78 posts being
20% reserved to Panchayat Secretaries were
promoted as Junior Assistants.
214
In addition to the above, 287 Typists /Junior
Assistants were promoted as Assistants, 332
Assistants were promoted to the cadre of Deputy
Block Development Officers and 167 Deputy Block
Development Officers were promoted to the cadre
of Block Development Officers in the year
2019-20.
2) Recruitment of Village Panchayat
Secretaries
The Tamil Nadu Government’s reservation
policy in the recruitment of Government service is
introduced for the first time to Village Panchayat
Secretaries also. During the year 2019, 786 posts
of Village Panchayat Secretaries were filled up and
filling up of 494 further vacancies are being carried
out, adopting the reservation rules.
3) Compassionate ground appointment
The scheme of Compassionate ground
appointment to support the family of the deceased
Government Servants, has been extended to
Panchayat Secretaries from the year 2016-17.
During the year 2019-20, 104 individuals have
been provided with compassionate Ground
Appointment who are all the legal heirs of
deceased Government employees belonging to
215
various categories including Village Panchayat
Secretaries.
4) Standard Time Scale of Pay to Village
Panchayat Secretaries
Considering the nature of work and
increasing responsibilities entrusted to Village
Panchayat Secretaries by the Government for
strengthening the grass root level rural
administrative system, the Scale of Pay of Village
Panchayat Secretaries is revised from the existing
Special Time Scale of Pay of Rs.2,500-5,000/- to
Standard Time scale of pay Rs.15,900-50,400/- as
per G.O.Ms.No.171, RD & PR (E5) Department,
Dated:30.11.2018.
5) Welfare of Village Panchayat employees
For the welfare of the Village Panchayat
Secretaries, various Government Orders related to
additional charge allowances, fixed travelling
allowance, maternity leave of 270 days to women
Panchayat Secretaries, Special pension, lumpsum
payment on retirement and compassionate ground
appointment to their legal heirs as per their
educational qualification have been issued from
the year 2011 to 2017.
Government have sanctioned special time
scale of pay to 9,896 consolidated paid Sanitary
216
workers working in Village panchayats and
Panchayat Unions who completed 3 years as on
01.10.2010 and similarly now 16,508 consolidated
paid Sanitary workers working in Village
panchayats who completed 3 years were
sanctioned special time scale of pay.
In the 12,524 Village Panchayats 40,419
OHT operators are working on part time basis on
consolidated pay of Rs.2,600/-. An adhoc increase
of Rs.100/- is allowed each time as and when
Government increases DA for Government
Employees.
The Sweepers on special time scale are
entitled for Rs.2,000/- as special monthly pension
and Rs.50,000/- as lumpsum payment on
retirement.
6)Foundation Training in Civil Service
Training Institute
The newly recruited Junior Assistants and
Assistants are imparted basic training to acquire
knowledge at Civil Service Training Institute,
Bhavanisagar which is a fundamental and
mandatory training for the successful completion
of their probation on Government service, Public
relations. During 2019-2020, 2478 persons were
imparted this training.
217
6. Capacity Building
218
6.1. Capacity Building
A robust training Policy is crucial for any
department or organization to train its employees
in a structured and systematic way. The capacity
building and training enables an employee to
strengthen those relevant skills that needs to be
improved. Its benefits are intangible. It takes
them to a higher level of performance and
presents a prime opportunity to expand the
knowledge and skill base. It benefits the trainees,
departments and community at large. The return
on Investment on training is huge in terms of
change of attitude, confidence, knowledge and
efficient implementations of Government schemes.
It improves the productivity, which in turn will
ensure larger public welfare through efficient
implementation of various Government welfare
programmes. Upskilling of the employees will
encourage creativity. A strong and relevant
Training will enable the trainees to skill, re-skill,
unskill and upskill.
The Commissionerate of training of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj Department
functions exclusively for Capacity Building and
219
training. To undertake the trainings, the State
Institute of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj,
at the State level and the 5 Regional Institutes of
Rural Development and Panchayat Raj at Sathiya
Vijaya Nagaram in Tiruvannamalai district,
Krishnagiri in Krishnagiri district, Pattukottai in
Thanjavur district, Bhavanisagar in Erode district
and T.Kallupatti in Madurai district are entrusted
with the responsibility of capacity building of staff
of the department, Elected representatives of the
local self government administration (PRIs) and
other stakeholders.
Table 6.1.
Basic details of 5 RIRDs & PR.
Sl.
No.
Name of the
Institution
Name of the
District
Name of Districts
Covered
Year of
Establish-
ment
1.
S.V.Nagaram
Tiruvannamalai
Kancheepuram,
Villupuram,
Tiruvallur,
Cuddalore,
Tiruvannamalai
(5 districts)
1956
2.
Krishnagiri
Dam
Krishnagiri
Krishnagiri,
Namakkal,
Salem,
Dharmapuri,
Vellore
(5 districts)
1958
220
Sl.
No.
Name of the
Institution
Name of the
District
Name of Districts
Covered
Year of
Establish-
ment
3.
Pattukottai
Thanjavur
Thanjavur,
Tiruvarur,
Nagapattinam,
Tiruchirappalli,
Pudukottai,
Sivagangai
(6 districts)
1954
4.
Bhavanisagar
Erode
Erode,
Coimbatore,
Dindigul,
The Nilgiris,
Karur,
Perambalur,
Ariyalur,
Tiruppur
(8 districts)
1972
5.
T. Kallupatti
Madurai
Madurai,
Theni,
Virudhunagar,
Ramanathapuram,
Tirunelveli,
Thoothukudi,
Kanniyakumari
(7 districts)
1948
6.1.1. Participants for Regional Institutes of
Rural Development and Panchayat Raj
Regional Institutes of Rural Development
and Panchayat Raj impart training to Officials and
functionaries of the Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj Department, elected
221
representatives of Panchayat Raj Institution such
as Block Panchayat Ward Members, Village
Panchayat Presidents, Village Panchayat Ward
Members, Village Panchayat Secretaries and all
other local government functionaries, Self Help
Group members, CBOs, Line Department Officials
and other stakeholders.
6.1.2. Training Programmes
The training programmes of the Regional
Institutes include various topics viz., Tamil Nadu
Panchayats Act 1994, Panchayat Administration,
Maintenance of Accounts, Audit, various Schemes
of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj
Department, Sanitation, Solid Waste Management,
Non-Conventional Energy, Stress Management,
Personality Development, Social audit, Village
Panchayat Development Plans, Sustainable
Development Goals, Convergence of SDGs with
VPDPs, E-Governance, Right to Information,
Cashless transaction, livelihood training, Computer
Training, etc. Emphasis is also now being given on
the training in technical aspects so that roads,
bridges as well as culverts etc. of good quality are
constructed. Each Regional Institutes of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj has got capacity
222
to train a minimum of 5,000 persons (in campus)
to a maximum of 25,000 (including off campus)
during a year.
6.1.3. Establishment
Regional Institutes of Rural Development
and Panchayat Raj are headed by Principals in the
cadre of Additional Director/Joint Director of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj Department.
6.1.4. Fund
State Government has sanctioned
Rs.7.09 crore during 2019-20 for the five Regional
Institutes of Rural Development and Panchayat
Raj. The Government of India provides
Rs.20 lakhs every year to each Regional Institute
of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj as
recurring grant for the training programmes. It
also provides 100% Non-Recurring grant on need
basis to improve the infrastructure facilities and
training equipments.
Table – 6.2.
Achievements in 2019-20
Training Achievements in 5 RIRDs & PR
(Regular, Computer & Special Training)
(as on 31.1.2020)
Sl.
No
Name of the Training Batches Participants
1
Regular Training to RD officials
237
4882
2
Computer Training
169
3699
223
Sl.
No
Name of the Training Batches Participants
3
Special Trainings
41
2059
4
Training Programme on Office Administration,
Water Management, Health & Sanitation
21
412
5
Refresher Course for local body (Village
Panchayat Audit Officers)
7
232
6
Audit Training for Technical Officer
5
77
7
Integrated technical training for the
maintenance of basic amenities in Rural Areas
14
440
8
Training on basic technical skill in building and
road construction for Panchayat works
11
278
9
Training on legal matters and RTI
9
306
10
RWO (Women) Social Welfare
1
35
11
PSA Training on Climate change and Disaster
Mitigation
4
148
12
PSA – Training on Cashless transaction
6
180
13
PSA-Training on Community approaches on
Sanitation
6
112
14
PSA-Training on Information Communication
Technology
101
4001
15
TNSRLM -Orientation workshop/ Training to
Community organizers on DAY-NULM
7
476
16
Narikuravar Skill and EDP Training
3
90
17
Water resource management Block level
Officials
17
217
18
OSR training for Panchayat Secretaries
6
175
19
TOT training on sanitation and SBM
6
112
20
Awareness Training Programme on Health &
Sanitation to Tribals in Nilgiris District
5
187
21
Skilled Development Programme (Beautician
(40 days) Course)
1
35
22
PFMS /PS Training
2
28
23
One day Awareness Generation on “Drug
Abuse Prevention” for Panchayat Raj
Functionaries
1
40
TOTAL
680
18221
During 2019-20, the five RIRDs & PR have
conducted 680 batches of training, covering
18,221 persons as detailed above.
224
6.1.5. Innovative activities taken by RIRDs &
PR
a) Third Party Assessment
During 2019-20, RIRDs &PR have taken up
the impact assessment of their Training
Programmes through different Third Parties. The
identified Third Parties such as Bharathiyar
University, Coimbatore, Madurai Kamaraj
University, Madurai etc. and all have submitted
their reports in this regard.
Table 6.3.
Third Party Assessment
Sl.
No
RIRDs&PR Subject
Third party
identified
1 SV Nagaram
Village Panchayat
Development Plan
Rajiv Gandhi National
Institute of Youth
Development,
Kancheepuram
District.
2 Bhavanisagar Computer Training
Bharathiyar
University,
Coimbatore
3 Pattukottai MGNREGS
Alagappa University,
Karaikudi.
4 T.Kallupatty General training
Madurai Kamaraj
University, Madurai
5 Krishnagiri Sanitation
Bharathiyar
University,
Coimbatore
225
b) Research studies
In order to equip and upgrade their skills,
the Faculty Members of RIRDs & PR have taken up
research studies on various subjects.
Various workshops involving the experts of
NIRD & PR, Hyderabad has been conducted by
SIRD&PR to facilitate the Faculty Members of
RIRDs & PR to familiarise themselves with the
tools and techniques to undertake research
studies. The Faculty Members of RIRDs & PR have
submitted their proposals of research studies and
the designated Committee had also approved the
proposals.
Table 6.4.
Research studies undertaken by RIRDs & PR
S.
No.
RIRD & PR Research topics
1 SV Nagaram
A study on Property Tax System and Property
Tax in Practice in Rural Village Panchayats
2 Bhavanisagar
"Exploratory Study on Ways and Means to
augmenting the Non-Tax revenues of the
Village Panchayats
3 Pattukottai Study on problems in rural drinking water
4 Krishnagiri
Study on the awareness and reach of e-
services at Panchayat level
5 T.Kallupatty
Quality of drinking water in Village
Panchayats
of Coastal area in Tamil Nadu
226
c) Bio Gas Plant in RIRDs & PR
A Bio-gas Plant has been installed using
Kitchen waste, Vegetables and food wastes etc by
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
and it is functioning successfully in the campus of
RIRD & PR Bhavanisagar. Based on the successful
functioning of the Bio-gas Plant, the SIRD & PR
and the remaining RIRDs & PR have been
instructed to install the Bio-Gas plants in their
campuses.
d) Agro-Eco Tourism at RIRD & PR,
Krishnagiri
RIRD &PR, Krishnagiri has the required
cultivable lands for agriculture and horticulture
produce and located in an ideal location to attract
tourism. Agro-Eco Tourism is the symbiotic
association of farming sector, Organic farming,
farm business and tourism industry. Agro-Eco
Tourism entails visiting a working farm in organic
agriculture, horticulture, water conservation
techniques, and agribusiness operation for purpose
of education, learning, active involvement,
revenue earning and enjoyment for younger
227
generation. An Agro-Eco Tourism has been
established in RIRD &PR, Krishnagiri in
convergence with MGNREGS at an estimated cost
of Rs.56.61 lakhs.
e) Training programme to Tribals of Nilgiris
District
A special training programme for 187 Tribals
has been conducted in Nilgiris district on Health,
Sanitation, Sustainable Development of Agriculture
/ Horticulture, Animal Husbandry by RIRD & PR,
Bhavanisagar during December 2019.
f) Skill Development Training
A Special Skill Development Training
Programme on Beautician Course has been
imparted to the 35 rural women living below
poverty line in RIRD & PR, S.V. Nagaram from
18.11.2019 to 20.1.2020 (40 days) This
programme has been conducted in coordination
with Tamil Nadu Women Development
Corporation, District Unit of Tiruvannamalai
District. It has also been planned to conduct the
second batch immediately.
228
g) Orientation Training to Women Rural
Welfare Officers of Social Welfare
Department
Orientation training to Women Rural Welfare
Officers of Social Welfare Department has been
conducted by all the 5 RIRDs & PR. It covered
175 Women Rural Welfare Officers and the list of
topics covered in the training are children welfare,
women welfare, laws for women, elders and senior
citizen welfare, transgender welfare etc.
6.2. State Institute of Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj (SIRD &PR)
The Government of Tamil Nadu have
constituted State Institute of Rural Development
and Panchayat Raj as a state apex institution to
undertake various capacity building and training
programmes. SIRD&PR has been registered as a
Society under Tamil Nadu Societies Registration
Act of 1975. Presently the Institute is functioning
in a 25 acre campus at Maraimalai Nagar near
Chennai.
As an apex institution, SIRD&PR organises
training and Capacity Building for the elected
229
representatives of three tier Panchayat Raj
Institutions, and different level of officials of
Panchayat Raj Institutions and other line
departments both through in-house and off
campus mode.
6.2.1 Objectives of SIRD & PR
The prime objective of SIRD&PR is to impart
training in updating knowledge, upgrading skills
and bring in positive attitude towards 'citizen
centric’ schemes. It also develops necessary
training curriculum for the participants of various
training programmes.
6.2.2 Training Methodology
The participatory training methodologies like
Case study presentation, Experience sharing,
Exposure visits, Group discussions etc are being
handled in this Institute. The ‘Cascading model’ is
adopted by creating Master Resource Persons, who
in turn build the capacity of the target participants
at District, Block and Community levels. The
Institute conducts residential programmes in its
campus and off-campus programmes at District,
Block and Village Panchayat levels through District
Administration and Regional Institutes of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj.
230
6.2.3 Resources for Training
State Institute of Rural Development and
Panchayat Raj receives financial support for
conducting training programmes from the State
and Central Government and other Institutions as
follows:-
1. SIRD &PR receives grants-in–aid to meet the
salary and non-salary expenditure from
recurring grant on 50:50 basis.
2. The Ministry of Rural Development provides
100% aassistance to upgrade the
infrastructure facilities like construction of
hostels, training halls and for the purchase
of teaching equipment’s etc., every year on
need basis.
3. The Ministry of Panchayat Raj and
Government of Tamil Nadu provides financial
assistance every year to organize capacity
building and training of PRI Representatives
and officials and functionaries with different
thematic subjects under RGSA (Rashtriya
Gram Swaraj Abhiyan) - a Centrally
Sponsored Programme.
231
6.2.4 Training Programmes in 2019-2020.
During 2019-2020, SIRD&PR has imparted
various training programmes covering 1,01,916
persons as shown in the table which includes PRI
functionaries at field level, functionaries of line
departments, ToT, Training for Resource persons
etc.
Table 6.5.
Training Performance 2019-2020
Sl.No Scheme
Achievement
Batch Numbers
1.
SDG/ PRI
-
SHG convergence/ PFMS/
e- Tender procedures/ technical
trainngs.
92 2,919
2.
PRI
-
SHG Networks Convergence
Framework to the office bearers of
SHGs/ PFs/VPRCs
1,847 73,850
3.
Livelihood training to
SHGs/PLFs/CLGs/PRIs
43 850
4.
Special induction programme for
village panchayat presidents and
vice presidents
76 19,173
5. NIRD & PR OFF-Campus Training 03 289
6.
Three Months Certificate Course on
Panchayat Raj & Rural Development.
12 793
7.
Venue Programme
-
conducted by
RD & PR Department
32 2,628
8.
Venue Programme
-
Conducted by
other Departments
06 513
9. Others 31 901
Total 2142
1,01,916
232
6.2.5 National Awards
The SIRD&PR, Government of Tamil Nadu
has been conferred with National awards for its
creditable performance in conducting Number of
Training Programmes and Number of participants
attended the Training Programmes in Plain Areas
for the year 2018-19.
The State has bagged First position under
the Category Number of Training Programmes
Conducted in Plain Areas for the year 2018-19 and
Second position under the Category Number of
Participants attended the Training Programmes in
Plain Areas for the year 2018-19 from MORD,
Government of India.
6.2.6 Strengthening of SIRD&PR
To strengthen the capacity building activities
of the department, initiatives have been taken to
promote Centers of Excellence in SIRD & PR and
all the RIRDs & PR. The following 7 Centers have
been established at State Institute of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj.
1. Centre for Panchayat Raj/SPRC
2. Centre for Programme Implementation and
Training Co ordination
233
3. Centre for Livelihood, Women Empowerment
and Enterprises promotion.
4. Centre for Engineering and Technology
5. Centre for Information, Communication and
Technology
6. Centre for Climate Change and Natural
Resource Management
7. Centre for Networking, Communication and
New Initiatives
6.2.7 Master Development Plan for the
Campus Improvement and Institutional
Development
In order to have a holistic and sustained
development, the SIRD&PR has prepared a Master
Plan for Institutional Development and campus
improvement. The Master plan comprising of
existing and proposed infrastructure / Activities to
be done at the SIRD&PR campus such as model
Roads/ Pathway, sports complex, watershed
management, Solid & Liquid waste Management,
Herbal garden, Cultural Gathering space, Sensory
Garden, Flower garden, Pond, Model Village and
Spaces for future buildings and development in
SIRD&PR campus.
234
6.2.8 Research Activities
A joint Research project with Centre for
Climate Change, Anna University Chennai on the
impact of extreme climate changes affecting rural
Communities living in Coastal Panchayats of Tamil
Nadu have been taken up. In addition to the above
the following research studies have also been
taken up by SIRD & PR.
a. An exploratory study on the development
initiatives contributing in mitigating and
adopting extreme climate changes by local
Communities in rural Tamil Nadu with special
reference to MGNREGS.
b. Case studies on the process and procedures of
Village Panchayat Audit.
c. An exploratory study on the challenges in
collection of House Tax /Property Tax in Peri-
Urban village Panchayats.
6.2.9 Net-working with other Academic
Institutions
During 2019-2020, MoUs with IIT-M,
Chennai, Gandhi Gram Rural Institute, Institute of
Rural Management Anand, Gujarat, Madras School
of Social Works etc. have been inked to undertake
joint training programmes. This networking is
235
aimed at bringing in expertise in the areas such as
Faculty Development, Research, Exposure visit,
Skill Development, Field placements, Publications,
Rural Development, Disaster Management etc.
Similarly, the Organizations may benefit through
Internship, Orientation, Training for Students,
Joint Research and Evaluation Projects, Faculty
Support, Documentation of best practices etc.
6.2.10 Technical Officers training:
Technical training cell is functioning at State
Institute of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj
(SIRD &PR) to impart capacity building and
training to the technical officials of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj Department. So
far 155 different level of Engineers have been
trained at Central Road Research Institute, New
Delhi.
6.2.11 Other Training Activities undertaken
by SIRD & PR
a) Capacity Building towards Public Financial
Management System (PFMS)
SIRD&PR has conducted PFMS training to
the officials of RD&PR Department covering
236
20,339 participants in 514 batches at a cost of
Rs.3.80 crore.
b) Biodiversity Facilitators Training
SIRD&PR has conducted the Facilitators
Training on Biodiversity with Tamil Nadu
Biodiversity Board by signing a contract with GIZ,
New Delhi.
c) Village Panchayat Development Plan
As per the G.O 34, RD&PR (PRI-I)
Department, dated 2.3.2016, SIRD&PR and five
RIRDs&PR have been entrusted with the capacity
building and training of the primary and secondary
stakeholders on preparation of Village Panchayat
Development Plans. SIRD&PR has trained around
1,37,000 persons through direct / indirect training.
d) PRI Training Initiatives
A massive ‘capacity building plan’ for the
newly elected Rural Bodies Representatives was
designed which included Induction training,
Orientation training and basic training. To conduct
these training programs four categories of trainers
i.e. State level Master trainers, Regional level
Resource persons, District Resource persons and
237
Sub-Divisional Resource persons were identified
and trained. These trainers would handle the
training programmes for six categories of elected
representatives.
To facilitate the PRI Representatives for
effective functioning and rule–bound
administration, 15 books have been prepared on
various topics including Panchayat general
Administration, Schemes implementation, Financial
Administration, e-governance etc.
Further more, Special training Programmes
will also be organised exclusively for Women PRI
Representatives, SC & ST Representatives to
empower them to function effectively.
e) Hogenakkal Water Supply and Fluorosis
Mitigation Project (HWS&FMP) in Dharmapuri
& Krishnagiri Districts
The Government of Tamil Nadu has implemented
“Hogenakkal Water Supply and Fluorosis Mitigation
Project” with loan assistance from Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for the
entire Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts.
SIRD&PR has been given the responsibility of
238
capacity building and training activities at a cost of
Rs. 276.64 lakhs by TWAD.
f) Training Programmes with Anna Institute
of Management
For conducting training to the officers of
RD&PR Department on the contemporary topics,
an amount of Rs. 36 lakh is allocated to Anna
Institute of Management, Chennai. Accordingly
840 officers will be trained in 28 batches.
g) Certification Course
SIRD&PR is conducting three month
Certificate Course on “Panchayat Raj
Administration and Rural Development” to
Government Officials and General Public. The
Course was commenced in the year December
2018. So far 793 Candidates have been trained in
three batches.
6.2.12 State Panchayat Resource Center
(SPRC)
State Panchayat Resource Center (SPRC)
has been established at State Institute of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj (SIRD & PR) with
the assistance of Ministry of Panchayat Raj,
239
Government of India to focus exclusively on
Panchayat Raj Capacity Building and Training. The
primary responsibility of SPRC will be to accelerate
the capability building of the Panchayat
functionaries, develop and disseminate knowledge
about Panchayat Administration and Rural
Development as a whole, among the officials of
Rural Development Department and other line
departments and function as a think tank on
Panchayat Administration for the State
Government.
6.2.13. District Resource Centers for
Panchayats (DRCPs)
District Resource Centres for Panchayats
(DRCPs) have been established under RGSA to
focus exclusively on Panchayat Raj Capacity
Building and Training at district level. The DRCPs
function under the administrative control of the
District Collector. The Principal, RIRD&PR will co-
ordinate and monitor the training activities.
6.3. Implementation during 2020-21
It has been proposed to train approximately
1,53,620 persons in 3,840 batches by SIRD & PR
and five RIRDs & PR. This will go a long way in
240
implementing all the schemes effectively and
efficiently.
All the training Institutes are trying their
best to strengthen their strengths and to weaken
their weaknesses.
241
7. Tamil Nadu Corporation
for Development of
Women
242
7. Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development
of Women
“My aim is to relentlessly work for
transforming Tamil Nadu as the best State in
India, introducing and implementing various
welfare schemes for women and ensuring that
nobody should be below poverty line in the State.
I have greater interest in handholding and
uplifting the poor, destitute, aged, widows and
vulnerable who are in at the bottom of the
Society”.
- Hon’ble former Chief Minister of
Tamil Nadu, Purachi Thalaivi Amma
Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of
Women (TNCDW) was established in 1983 by the
Government of Tamil Nadu with the objective of
making the women socially and economically
empowered and ensuring them education,
employment, economic development to become
socially equal self-reliant and self-confident.
The TNCDW, by aggregating the poor
women into SHGs, providing them capacity
building, forming Community Based organisations
(CBOs), facilitating financial linkages, employment
243
opportunities and empowering the women has
established the SHG movement a great force to
reckon with.
TNCDW through its multiple
interventions over the years has effected a visible
change in the life of the poor in Tamil Nadu by
facilitating them to move towards the achievement
of No poverty and Gender Equality being the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) brought
out by the United Nations.
TNCDW is implementing the following four
important schemes,
i. Tamil Nadu State Rural Livelihoods
Mission (TNSRLM):
A scheme for poverty reduction and livelihoods
promotion in rural areas funded by Centre and
State in the ratio of 60:40.
ii. Tamil Nadu Urban Livelihoods Mission
(TNULM):
It is a scheme for the upliftment of urban poor
funded by Centre and State in the ratio of
60:40.
244
iii. National Rural Economic Transformation
Project (NRETP):
The project is being implemented in 20 rural
blocks in 5 Districts and funded by Centre and
State in the ratio of 60:40.
iv. Amma Two Wheeler Scheme (ATWS):
Subsidy based Amma Two Wheeler Scheme,
fully funded by Government of Tamil Nadu is
implemented for the benefit of working women
to ease their commute to their working place.
7.1. Mahalir Thittam
In the beginning, TNCDW with support of
the International Fund for Agriculture Development
(IFAD) implemented Women Development Project
by mobilising women involved in agricultural
activities into Self Help Groups (SHGs). This
project was first started in Dharmapuri district and
later extended to Salem, Ramanathapuram,
Villupuram and Madurai districts. On its admirable
performance, the Government of Tamil Nadu
launched Mahalir Thittam (MaThi) and gradually
expanded in all districts for the welfare of women.
245
Under this scheme, SHGs were formed with
women members, provided with systematic
training, networked through federations and
provided bank linkages for taking up income
generation activities for their socio-economic
empowerment.
All the projects/programmes related to
Poverty alleviation and development implemented
by both TNCDW and World Bank are the improved
versions of Mahalir Thittam only.
7.1.1. Self Help Groups (SHGs)
A group of 12 to 20 poor women in the age
group of 18 to 60 years who are residing in the
same area are organised as a ‘Self Help Group’
(SHG). The objectives of SHG are to conduct
regular meetings, promote savings and internal
lending among its members and inculcate the
practice of collective and democratic decision
making. To ensure the economic and social
empowerment of women the SHGs are trained to
effectively follow the Pancha Sutras namely
regular meetings, regular savings, regular internal
lending, regular repayment and regular
maintenance of book of accounts.
246
Table 7.1
Details of Self Help Groups
1
No. of SHGs 6.96 lakh
No. of SHG Members 103.32 lakh
2
No. of Rural SHGs 4.67 lakh
No. of Members 69.28 lakh
3
No. of Urban SHGs 2.29 lakh
No. of Members 34.04 lakh
4 Total Savings of SHGs Rs.8,921 crore
5 No. of SHGs given Seed Money 5.98 lakh
6
Cumulative credit availed by
SHGs (2011-2020)
Rs.65,930 crore
7.2. Tamil Nadu State Rural Livelihoods
Mission (TNSRLM)
Tamil Nadu State Rural Livelihoods Mission is
implemented by the Government of Tamil Nadu
from the year 2012-13. The objectives of TNSRLM
are to build strong and vibrant institutional
platforms of the poor in the rural areas which
enable them to increase their household income
through livelihood enhancements and access to
financial and other services. Under this scheme,
the target group comprises of poor, very poor,
vulnerable and differently abled.
247
7.2.1. Important features of TNSRLM
Focus is on the very poor, poor, vulnerable and
differently abled unlike other schemes.
Identification and mobilization of the left out
poor into the SHG network.
Establishing and strengthening community
organisations for the development of rural poor.
Social empowerment of the rural poor through
capacity building.
Improving the quality of the SHG products and
facilitating marketing.
Providing financial assistance to SHGs for
lending to their members for taking up economic
activities.
Employment linked skill training for rural youth.
Convergence with the Government departments
to leverage their financial and non-financial
services and utilizing them in an effective
manner.
Enabling the rural poor to access basic facilities
and to train them in conserving their
environment and sanitation.
248
7.2.2. Area of operation
In Tamil Nadu, TNSRLM is implemented in
36 districts, except Chennai, covering 388 Blocks
(including 120 TNRTP blocks and 20 blocks in 5
districts covered under World Bank assisted
NRETP).
Tab
le 7.2
Phase Wise Distribution
of
B
l
o
c
ks
Sl.
No
P
hase
D
i
s
tr
i
c
ts
B
l
ocks
Village
Pancha
yats
1 TNSRLM - Phase I
20 60 2250
2 TNSRLM - Phase II 32 110 3391
3 TNSRLM - Phase III 26 98 2472
4
TNSRLM– Phase IV
(Erstwhile TNPVP)
31 120 4174
Sub Total 36 388 12,287
5 PTSLP(IFAD) - - 238
Total
36 388 12,525
Phase I (2012-13 onwards) – Out of 2,323 Village
Panchayats in 60 blocks, 2,250 Village Panchayats
under TNSRLM and 73 Village Panchayats by IFAD
assisted Post Tsunami Sustainable Livelihood
Programme (PTSLP) are covered.
Phase II (2013-14 onwards) – Out of 3,491
Village Panchayats, TNSRLM is implemented in
3,391 Village Panchayats in 110 blocks of 27
districts (now 32 districts) and the remaining 100
249
Village Panchayats were covered by IFAD assisted
PTSLP.
Phase III (2014-15 onwards) – Out of 2,536
Village Panchayats, TNSRLM is being implemented
in 2,472 Village Panchayats covering 98 Blocks
from 2014-15 and the remaining 65 Village
Panchayats have been covered by IFAD assisted
PTSLP.
Phase IV (July 2017 onwards) - TNPVP was
implemented in 4,174 Village Panchayats in 120
blocks of 26 districts (now 32 districts) and now
covered under TNSRLM.
7.2.3. High Level Empowered Committee
TNCDW has been designated by the State
Government as the nodal agency and it is the State
level Mission Management Unit (SMMU) to
implement TNSRLM. Under the Chairmanship of
Honourable Minister for Municipal Administration,
Rural Development and Special Programme
Implementation, a High Level Empowered
Committee (HLEC), has been constituted to provide
policy level guidance and to review and monitor the
implementation of TNSRLM activities. The
Additional Chief Secretary to Government, Rural
250
Development and Panchayat Raj Department is the
Mission Director and the Managing Director,
TNCDW is the Chief Executive Officer of the
Mission. The TNSRLM activities are being
implemented through a dedicated staff structure at
State, District and Block levels.
7.2.4. Sequence of Activities
7.3. Project Activities
The project activities are implemented in
each and every village panchayat as follows:
Creating
awareness
through IEC
Fund release
to CBOs
(VPRC/PLF
Skill training
to target
youth for
wage / self-
employment
Baseline
Survey to
identify status
of SHGs
Financial
Inclusion –
Bank Linkage
insurance, etc.
Formation of
Community
Based
Organisations
Capacity
Building of
Community
Cadre
Participatory
Identification
of poor by the
community
Livelihood
Promotion
(CLG / CLF)
251
7.3.1. IEC activities
TNSRLM creates awareness about the
objectives and activities of the project among the
public by conducting folk arts, street plays, rallies
and through other tools such as wall paintings,
posters, stickers, pamphlets and information
boards.
7.3.2. Baseline Survey on the status of SHGs
Baseline survey is conducted by Community
Resource Persons (CRPs) of TNSRLM / TNPVP in all
the village panchayats to identify active, defunct
and disintegrated SHGs. The details are used to
revive the identified defunct SHGs through
Capacity Building.
7.3.3. Participatory Identification of Poor
(PIP)
TNSRLM conducted the PIP exercise from
2013-14 to 2016 in various phases to identify Very
Poor, Poor, Differently abled, Vulnerable, Tribal
and other marginalized communities in all the
Village Panchayats as a collective exercise in which
the entire community was involved. In order to
ensure that no poor family is left out, TNSRLM
adopts the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tool
252
and techniques such as Transect walk, Social
Mapping, Wealth Ranking and Triangulation.
The PIP list is displayed in prominent places
in all the habitations to receive claims and
objections, if any, and the PIP list is approved by
the Grama Sabha.
PIP process has been completed in all the
three phases of TNSRLM and forms the basis for all
further interventions under this project.
7.3.4. Formation of Village Poverty Reduction
Committee (VPRC)
VPRC is a committee comprising of the
representatives of target people such as Very
Poor, Poor, Differently abled, Vulnerable and Tribal
people. As a committee having 11 to 19 members,
it helps to identify the target poor, provide
individual loans to redeem them from poverty and
to reduce their vulnerabilities.
So far 12,734 VPRCs (including 472 tribal
VPRCs) have been formed in the Project area
covering all 388 blocks.
253
7.3.5. Formation of Social Audit Committee
(SAC)
SAC has been constituted in all the Village
Panchayats where VPRCs have been formed. The
SAC is a monitoring committee consisting of 5 to 7
members constituted in the VPRC areas to monitor
the activities of VPRC & PLFs and submit its report
to the Grama Sabha.
7.3.6. Formation of new Self Help Groups
(SHGs)
New SHGs are formed from the left out
target (Very Poor & Poor) households identified
through PIP process. The Animators,
Representatives and Members of SHGs are
imparted training on functioning of group and
maintenance of the Books of Accounts. The
TNSRLM facilitates the SHGs to progress
economically by insisting the adoption of
Panchasutra principles.
During the year 2019-20, 11,264 SHGs
(both new and revived) have been formed under
TNSRLM.
These SHGs will be graded and provided
with financial assistance such as Seed Money,
Community Investment Fund and Bank Linkages to
254
enable the SHGs to take up the economic
activities.
7.3.7. Panchayat Level Federation (PLF)
Panchayat Level Federations have been
formed at the village level and all the SHGs at the
village level are federated under a PLF which is a
registered body under the Tamil Nadu Societies
Registration Act, 1975.
The Government have exempted the PLFs
from the purview of Section 25 and Section 42 of
Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act, 1975 have
provided an institutional frame work for PLFs to
take up income generation activities and benefit
from them.
PLF will act as a most important link
between the project and the village community.
Roles & Responsibilities of PLFs:
The main responsibility is to mobilize all eligible
women identified in the PIP process into Self
Help Groups,
To strengthen and lead the SHGs through
financial interventions,
255
To disseminate the information about the
project among the SHGs,
To support the SHGs in maintaining accounts,
conducting audit and arranging for grading and
credit rating,
Act as a financial intermediary to facilitate low
cost loans to SHGs by directly borrowing from
Banks
Converging with various Government
departments to take up activities like social
issues, health, nutrition and gender issues
related to women development and
empowerment.
Sub-Committees
PLFs discharge the above responsibilities
through the following sub-committees for the
betterment of its members and community:
SHG Formation and Strengthening Sub-
Committee
Credit linkage and Monitoring Sub-Committee
Livelihoods Sub-Committee
Sub-Committee on Social issues.
256
Totally, 12,358 PLFs and 166 Livelihoods Sub
Committees have been formed in all 388 blocks.
Tab
le 7.3
Details of PLFs
Sl.
No
Projects
B
l
ock
s
Village
Pts
PLFs
formed
Sub
Committee
formed*
Total
1 TNSRLM 388 12,287 12,120 166 12,286
2 PTSLP(IFAD) -
238
238
-
238
Total 388
12,525
12,358 166 12,524
* The Sub Committees are formed in the Village Panchayats having less
than 10 SHGs and such Sub Committees act as PLFs in these Villages
7.3.8. Block Level Federations (BLFs)
In Tamil Nadu, Block Level Federations have
been formed and registered in 385 Blocks. The
BLFs are formed primarily from the representatives
of the PLFs and VPRCs from each Panchayat in that
Block.
The functions of BLFs are;
a) To enhance the capacity of the SHGs in
accessing the bank linkages
b) To ensure the repayment of loans
c) To identify viable and sustainable income
generation activities for the community
257
d) To ensure social inclusion and to address social
issues including Gender, Rights and
Entitlements, FNHW etc., and
e) It will also act as Block Level Training Centre to
conduct all capacity building training using the
services of Community Resource Persons (CRPs)
7.3.9. Financial Assistance to SHGs
a. Seed Money to SHGs
Seed Money is provided to the SHGs, on its
completion of 3 months from the date of formation
and grading. An amount of Rs.15,000 is given to
the SHGs as a means of encouragement and to
supplement their internal savings, augment their
corpus and to enable more members to avail
internal loans.
During the year 2019-20, Rs.8.62 crore has
been released to the 5,745 newly formed SHGs at
the rate of Rs.15,000/- per SHG.
b. Community Investment Fund (CIF)
Community Investment Fund is a project
fund given to SHGs as a loan for their economic
activities. CIF is released to PLF and in turn PLF
releases this amount to the SHGs, as a loan to
undertake economic activities. Loan is given to a
258
maximum amount of Rs.75,000/- per SHG at 9%
rate of interest per annum. This amount is given to
PLFs in one or more doses based on their
livelihood activities so as to cover at least 50% of
SHGs. PLF will function as the custodian of CIF
amount.
PLF will ensure the 100% repayment, proper
utilization and rotation of CIF.
During the year 2019-20, Rs.76.19 crore
has been released to 15,238 SHGs at the rate of
Rs.50,000/- per SHG.
C. Vulnerability Reduction Fund
Through PIP process the vulnerable people
are identified in the project. The Vulnerability
Reduction Fund is provided to differently abled and
vulnerable individuals at the rate of Rs.10,000/- to
Rs.25,000/- as an individual assistance for
consumption or production purpose. The loan
amount is used to address the issues such as food
security, unexpected illness or hospitalization
expenses, rehabilitation expenses for natural
calamities etc., and Livelihood activities. The
Vulnerability Reduction Fund is released to
individuals through VPRCs.
259
During the year 2019-20, Rs.14.60 crore
has been released to 5,839 VPRCs in the range of
Rs.10,000/- to 25,000/- per VPRC.
7.4. Capacity Building
7.4.1. Training to TNSRLM staff
Tamil Nadu State Rural Livelihoods Mission,
as a mandate ensures an intensive training on
various components to its project staff. The
following trainings are given to the staff to enable
them to understand the project principles and
concepts:
Induction Training - I (Institution Building)
Induction Training - II
Thematic Training
7.4.2. Capacity Building to Community Based
Organizations (CBOs)
Community Based Organizations are the
bedrock entities for the successful implementation
of TNSRLM project. These pro-poor organizations
such as SHGs, PLFs, VPRCs, BLFs, MaKaMai
(Makkal Kattral Maiyam) etc., are regularly
provided with necessary training to ensure best
services of their members. Governance and
260
Financial Management are the two focus areas in
the training for CBOs. Basic trainings given to the
CBOs are;
Animator & Representative trainings and SHG
members training to newly formed SHGs
Training on Governance and Financial
Management to the office bearers of PLFs.
Executive Committee members training to PLF
Members.
Community Operation Manual (COM) training to
VPRC members.
Training to Sub-Committee members of PLFs
and SAC.
Training to Members and Office bearers of Block
Level Federations.
7.4.3. Cluster of Master Trainers &
Community Resource Persons
Social Capital is one of the biggest assets for
any community development project. In order to
ensure the Community Driven Development,
TNSRLM creates a pool of resource persons on
various project themes. These Resource Persons
are developed through stringent empanelment
261
procedures amongst which best performing
Resource Persons are identified and trained as
Master Trainers. These Master Trainers train the
other Resource Persons on various themes and in-
turn these Resource Persons train the community.
The categorised master trainers and
resource persons will conduct trainings at state,
districts and block levels. TNSRLM effectively
plans to create the pool of such trainers and
ensures that the project based trainings reach the
beneficiaries through them. The types of
Community cadres developed by TNSRLM are
detailed below:
Community SHG Trainers (CSTs) – CSTs are
identified to ensure the formation of SHGs and
for their continuous monitoring. CSTs are
basically SHG members. These CSTs are
identified from the active and experienced
members of the vibrant rural SHGs by providing
necessary trainings and capacity buildings to
monitor the SHGs and assist them in need.
Monitoring the functional efficacy of SHGs and
ensuring Panchasutra principles are the
important work of the CSTs. Each CST monitors
10 to 15 SHGs at the village level.
262
Community Differently - abled Facilitators
(CDFs) – CDFs are the para-professionals
selected one per VPRC, trained and deployed for
the community based rehabilitation
management. They mainly identify the needs of
differently-abled persons, arrange necessary
institution based rehabilitation training for them
and link them with various Government
schemes to ensure their coverage through
convergence.
Community Resource Persons – Jobs (CRP-
Jobs)–TNSRLM acts as a pioneer in providing
youth skill training and implements various
training programme to the youth. In-order to
mobilize youth from villages and to monitor
their progress, CRP-Jobs are identified and
deployed. These CRP-Jobs maintain the
database of youth at the village and enable
skilling for wage employment in the desired
trades. Thus community based monitoring is
ensured.
Community Bank Coordinators (CBCs)–To
ensure bank linkage for the SHGs two efficient
members per cluster are selected as Community
Bank Coordinators and trained on credit linkage,
263
financial inclusion and financial products and
schemes of the government and banking
sectors. They, in turn guide the SHGs to get
bank linkage, credit facilities, repayment and
insurance etc. and conduct meetings among the
SHGs to create awareness on the financial
literacy and digital transactions.
7.4.4. Training to Bank Officials
Credit linkage to the SHGs is one of the
most important components of TNSRLM. For
livelihoods promotion and income generation, the
SHGs need bank credit linkage at a reasonable
rate of interest. In providing bank credit the role
of Bank Managers/Bank personnel is very vital.
Hence, the Bank officials need to be sensitised on
SHG movement, its role in poverty alleviation, the
various components of TNSRLM and other projects
implemented by the TNCDW. For this purpose,
orientation training is conducted on concepts
related to SHG–Bank Linkage, Financial literacy,
Financial Inclusion, Digital Literacy etc., A team of
Resource Persons trained in such Capacity Building
is conducting the training and workshops for
Bankers at State and District level.
264
7.4.5. Activities under Capacity Building
2019-20
3,902 New SHGs have been given SHG
Animator & Representative (A&R) and SHG
members training in 1951 batches(Each Batch
30 members)
10,607 Community Self Help Group Trainers
(CSTs) were trained in Book Keeping to train
SHG Animators & Representatives.
39,210 members of 7,842 PLF were given
Refresher training on Governance and Financial
management for PLF.
400 Community Bank Coordinators were trained
for strengthening Financial Inclusion.
8,013 Book keepers of VPRCs were given book
keeping training.
1,432 Office Bearers and 1,565 members of
BLFs were trained on Governance and Financial
Management for BLF.
7.5. Skill and Placement Programme under
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya
Yojana (DDU-GKY)
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya
Yojana (DDU-GKY) is a Placement linked Skill
Development scheme for the rural poor youth
265
implemented by Ministry of Rural Development,
Government of India through the State
Government with a funding pattern of 60:40 ratio.
The Vision of DDU-GKY is to "Transform rural poor
youth into an economically independent and
globally relevant workforce". This scheme aims to
skill rural youth aged between 18-35 who are poor
and provide them with jobs having regular
monthly wages, which are above the minimum
wages of the State.
Salient features of DDU-GKY
Rural youth from poor households in the age
group of 18 to 35 years are eligible
beneficiaries, both male/female (upper age limit
is 45 years in case of vulnerable such as tribal,
widows deserted women, freed bonded
laboures & transgenders)
Training institutions/Industries with Permanent
Registration Number (PRN) and having expertise
in skill training and placement with a proven
track record are eligible to apply and impart
training as a PIA (Project Implementing
Agency).
Social inclusion through mandatory coverage of
socially disadvantaged groups (SC – 62%,
266
ST – 3%, Minorities – 16%, Persons with
Disability (PWD) – 3% and Women (Combining
all categories) – 33%) is one of the pivotal
inclusive aspects.
Mandatory assured placement of minimum
70% of trained candidates.
Course duration varies from 3 to 12 months
according to the job role and skill requirement in
the job market.
Both residential and non-residential trainings
are available.
Facilitation by the field level functionaries
(CRP-Jobs, BC-Skills) for mobilising the
candidates and community based monitoring.
Training modules include domain curriculum and
mandatory skilling in non-domain areas such as
Spoken English, basics in Computer, Soft Skills
and On-the-Job Training (OJT) to enhance
employability.
Candidates on completion of training and
assessment are awarded with certificates issued
by the Government agencies namely National
council for Vocational Training (NCVT) and
Sector Skill Councils (SSC).
Minimum remuneration of Rs.6,000/- per month
or the minimum wages of the State for the
267
semi-skilled person, whichever is higher will be
ensured for the trained candidates on
placement. However our state has stressed
Rs.8,000/- as minimum wage per month for
DDU-GKY trained candidates.
The scheme is inbuilt with Post-placement
Support, Career progression and facilitation
through Migration support Centres across the
State.
The scheme facilitates both domestic and
foreign placements.
One year monitoring and facilitation after
placement.
Counseling for Parents during mobilization.
Table 7.4
Sector wise cumulative target and
achievement under skill Training –
(From 2012 – 13 to 31.01.2020)
SI.
No
Sector
Total
Trained
1 Industries 4,203
2 Information Technology 14,868
3 Garments & Apparel 10,040
4 Tourism &Hospitality 3,483
5 Construction 1,221
6 Automobile 4,353
268
SI.
No
Sector
Total
Trained
7 Beauty & Culture 1,236
8 Fire & Safety 458
9 Health 2,904
10 Retail 2,535
11 Leather 720
12 Driving 2,110
13 Automotive 760
14 Electronics 632
15 Capital Goods 541
16 Logistics 647
17
Banking Financial Services and
Insurance
484
Total 51,195
From the year 2016–17 onwards, projects
for training and placing the candidates are being
sanctioned to the PIAs (Project implementing
Agencies) as three year projects through a Project
Approval Committee (PAC) headed by the
Additional Chief Secretary to Government, Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj Department.
A target of 44,416 candidates has been fixed for
the period 2016–19. So far, 102 projects
269
have been sanctioned by identifying training
partners to train the candidates.
For the period of 2019-2022, an additional
target of 84,000 candidates with an outlay of
Rs.1,026.50 crore has been sanctioned by MoRD
to be trained under this scheme.
7.5.1. IEC Activities
i. Dial a job
State Mission Monitoring Unit has now been
equipped with a Call Centre/Help Line facility to
facilitate the identification of right beneficiaries for
the scheme and mobilisation of youth. The call
centre functions on all working days between 10
am to 6 pm and provides necessary information
for the helpline callers such as:
Details of DDU- GKY
Availability of Training Centres & Courses at
the districts.
Contact details of PIAs and District office.
Counselling to rural youth.
ii. Training Calendar
For the first time, the Training Calendar was
evolved and sent to all district collectors for
effective monitoring. This training calendar
270
provides information on the consolidated target
details of all PIAs in the state. The calendar helps
the district team to plan the skill development
mobilisation & training plan for DDU-GKY scheme.
7.5.2. Kaushal Panjee Portal along with
Mobile App
The Ministry of Rural Development, GoI has
initiated the Kaushal Panjee skill registry to
capture and upgrade skills of rural youth aged
between 18-35 years. The Project Implementation
Agencies (PIAs) can also contribute by registering
trainees registering in the Kaushal Panjee portal /
Mobile App.
The candidate can either register
himself/herself by using the existing details of
SECC data or by entering the details as a fresh
candidate.
As on 31.01.2020 Tamil Nadu ranks 1
st
in
the national level for enrolment of 4,47,030
candidates through this App.
7.5.3. Rural Self Employment Training
Institutes (RSETIs)
Rural Development and Self Employment
Training Institutes (RUDSETI) was formed by
271
Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank for mitigating
the unemployment among the youth. These
institutions started in cities such as Bengaluru and
Madurai. Following this, Rural Self Employment
Training Institutes (RSETIs) established by various
Banks in Districts are engaged in training rural
youth for taking up self-employment opportunities
and thus promoting rural entrepreneurship.
RSETIs strive to achieve high allotment rate
for all the trained candidates and facilitates bank
credit linkage for the candidates.
Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) is
providing funding support for creation of
infrastructure and also reimbursing training cost of
BPL candidates. State Governments, DRDAs,
TNSRLMs, SIDBI, NABARD and other development
organizations are also extending support to the
training programmes of RSETIs. There are
30 RSETIs functioning in the state.
Tamil Nadu State Rural Livelihoods Mission
(TNSRLM) plays a very crucial role through DDU-
GKY in the functioning of RSETIs by way of
mobilization of candidates for training, monitoring
and release of funds to RSETIs.
272
Table 7.5
RSETI Training and Settlement - 2019-20
Sl.
No
Name of the
Bank
No. of
RSETIs
Trained
Total
Settled
Self –
Employment
Wage
Employment
Bank
Loan
Self-
Fund
1 IOB 11 9704 4207 1718 2489 169
2 INDIAN Bank 10 5453 2888 742 2146 274
3 Canara Bank 6 3329 3136 771 2365 432
4 SBI 2 1178 819 248 571 58
5
RUDSETI
(Madurai)
1 643 384 180 204 79
Total 30 20307 11434 3659 7775 1012
7.5.4. “UNNATI” Scheme
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act 2005 aims at building
sustainable livelihoods for the rural households.
The main thrust is on providing unskilled manual
work for 100 days to the eligible rural households.
The Government of India, as an improved format,
have formulated a Project for Promoting Skilling of
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA workers.
Aim of the Scheme
This project “UNNATI” intends to upgrade
the skill-base of the Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
workers, and thereby improve their livelihoods, so
that they can move from the current partial
employment to full employment and thereby
273
reduce their dependence on Mahatma Gandhi
NREGS.
7.6. Financial Inclusion and Micro Credit
7.6.1. Bank linkage to SHGs
SHG Bank Linkage Programme is an
intervention which ensures the “Right to Credit” for
the poor by enabling access to formal banking and
financial services. Right to Credit is ensured in the
programme by ensuring not just access, but also
adequate and timely credit at affordable interest
rates. SHG-BLP has brought innumerable
households out of the debt trap and enabled
subsequent access to finance to start income
generating activities for diversifying and
augmenting their family income thereby enabling a
good quality of life and a way out of the vicious
cycle of poverty.
SHG-BLP enables women to avail loans at
lower rate of interest and build a strong relationship
with bankers for up-scaling their economic activities
by availing higher quantum of loans continuously.
Timely and adequate credit delivery at a reasonable
rate of interest through SHG Bank Linkage
programme and the provision of Interest
274
Subvention has enabled economic empowerment of
women in the state.
During the year 2018-19, against the target
of Rs.11,000 crore, Rs.11,448.99 crore was
achieved through credit linkage to 2,95,612 SHGs.
For the first time, this achievement of
Rs.11,448.99 crores under Bank Linkage
Programme is the highest achievement ever in our
state.
It is our endeavour that the average loan
size in our State shall be Rs.6.00 lakhs per SHG to
enable the SHG members to undertake sustainable
livelihood activities to improve their family income
and thereby come out of the poverty.
During 2019-20, as against the target of
Rs.12,500 crore a sum of Rs.13,300.64 crore loan
have been achieved to 3,03,703 SHGs upto
29.02.2020. The average loan size per SHG is
improved from Rs.3.87 lakh to Rs.4.37 lakh.
In the last nine years alone since 2011,
totally Rs.65,929.61 crore has been availed as credit
by the SHGs through Public Sector Banks, Private
Sector Banks, Regional Rural Banks (RRB) and
District Central Cooperative Banks including
275
Primary Agriculture Cooperative Credit Society
(DCCB-PACCS) in the state.
The endeavour of TNCDW is that the SHG
members should utilise 80% of the loan thus
received to undertake income generating activities
to augment their house-hold income.
7.6.2. MoUs with Banks
In order to ensure more credit from Banks
continuously, at lower rate of interest with higher
quantum of loans to SHGs, Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) is being signed with Banks.
So far, 6 MoUs are signed with the following
banks viz.
Table 7.6
S.
No
Name of the Bank
Date of signing
of MoU
1 IDBI Bank 07.09.2017
2 ICICI Bank 07.09.2017
3 Bank of Baroda 25.07.2018
4 State Bank of India 25.01.2019
5 UCO Bank 06.11.2019
6 Tamil Nadu Grama Bank 09.11.2019
276
The MoU covers the following;
1. Sanctioning of adequate loan without delay
with increased quantum of loans for repeat
linkages at lower rate of interest, as per RBI
guidelines.
2. Engagement of SHG members trained under
Indian Institute of Banking and Finance
(IIBF), Pune as Business Correspondent
agent (BC-Sakhi) either directly by the bank
or through the banks’ Corporate Banking
Correspondent.
3. Engaging SHG members as Business
Facilitators (BF) for sourcing of banking
business for Banks and also as Debt
Recovery Agents (DRA) for recovery of NPA
loans by paying commission on agreed
terms.
After signing of MoU, there is substantial
increase in the SHG Bank Linkage achievement.
7.6.3. Tamil Nadu Grama Bank
In Tamil Nadu, there were two Regional Rural
Banks functioning namely 1) Pallavan Grama Bank
sponsored by Indian Bank with Head Office at
Salem covering 15 districts in northern part of
Tamil Nadu 2) Pandyan Grama Bank sponsored by
Indian Overseas Bank, Head Office at Virudhunagar
covering 16 districts in the southern part of
277
Tamil Nadu. As per Department of Financial
Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance (MoF) and
Government of India instructions both the RRBs in
the State have been amalgamated and Tamil Nadu
Grama Bank with Head Office at Salem under the
sponsorship of Indian Bank has been formed on
01.04.2019.
Out of 9 Directors in the Banks’ Board, two
Directors represent the State Government viz., (1)
Additional Chief Secretary to Government, RD & PR
Department and (2) Managing Director & Chief
Executive Officer, TNCDW & TNSRLM.
The combined presence and reach of the
amalgamated RRB and TNCDW will enable to
further deepen the financial inclusion and financing
SHG enterprises.
7.6.4. RBI guidelines for SHG Loan amount
As per guidelines of RBI, the SHGs can avail
either Term Loan (TL) or Cash Credit Limit (CCL)
loan or both based on need.
Cash Credit Limit (CCL): In case of CCL, banks
are advised to sanction minimum loan of Rs.5 lakh
to each eligible SHG for a period of 5 years with a
yearly Drawing Power (DP). The drawing power
278
may be enhanced annually based on the
repayment performance of the SHG.
7.6.5. Community Based Recovery Mechanism
(CBRM)
Community Based Recovery Mechanism is a
system to enable the community to participate in
the banking process and to help both SHGs and
Banks in repayment and recovery.
For availing adequate loan by SHGs,
effective monitoring and recovery of Non-
Performing Assets (NPA), if any, Community Based
Recovery Mechanism (CBRM) is being formed in all
the SHG lending Bank branches. The CBRM
meeting will be held periodically and issues related
to SHG bank Linkage will be discussed and sorted
out.
7.6.6. Interest Subvention to SHGs
In order to help the poor SHG women to
come out of poverty as envisaged in the Financial
Inclusion Committee report, National Rural
Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), GoI has introduced
Interest Subvention scheme since 2013-14 to
women SHGs who have availed loans up to
Rs.3 lakh. Interest subvention scheme to SHGs is
directly implemented by the GoI in Dharmapuri,
279
Vellore, Villupuram, Thiruvannamalai, Cuddalore,
Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Trichy and Dindigul
districts.
In the remaining districts, the scheme is
being implemented by the State through TNSRLM
in the ratio 60:40. SHGs who repay the loan
instalment and interest amount regularly without
any delay or default will become eligible for
Interest Subvention.
So far, 3,56,006 women SHGs who have
availed loans from Public Sector Banks and Private
Sector Banks have been provided with Interest
subvention to the tune of Rs.59.91 crore by
TNSRLM.
During 2019-20, so far alone 1,32,352 SHGs
have been provided with Interest Subvention of
Rs.18.73 crore. In 2020-21, a sum of
Rs.20 crore is estimated for release of Interest
Subvention.
7.6.7. Bulk Loan to Panchayat Level
Federations
As SHGs are not adequately financed by
banks and to avoid the SHGs falling prey to
exorbitant interest rates by private money lenders
280
or other institutions, PLF Bulk Loan scheme is
introduced.
PLFs obtain bulk loan from the banks ranging
from Rs.10 lakh to Rs.1.5 crore to ensure adequate
credit flow to SHGs. During the last nine years,
Rs.176.88 crore has been provided by banks as
Bulk Loan to 765 PLFs and in turn to SHGs. During
2019-20, as against the target of Rs.150 crore, so
far Rs.48.74 crore was provided to 94 PLFs.
7.7. Livelihoods Promotion
TNSRLM recognizes that the poor need to
have multiple livelihoods. One of the key
interventions of TNSRLM is to enhance and expand
the existing livelihoods of the poor. More than
70% of the poor are dependent on agriculture
either as cultivators or as agriculture labour.
Besides, livestock rearing is also a key livelihood
for the poor.
Key objectives of farm based livelihood
promotion activities.
Every poor household is supported with at least
2 farm sector livelihoods
281
Assured annual incremental income of more
than Rs.50,000 per family per year after 2 years
of intervention
Year-long food & nutritional security for the
households
Income streams throughout the year
Creation of Social Capital for Agriculture, NTFP
and Livestock from the best practitioners.
TNSRLM has been working strongly towards
achieving the above objectives.
Progress in coverage of Blocks
Livelihood activities was initially started with
Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP)
from the year 2015-16. It is a concerted effort to
recognize the role of women in agriculture, to
enhance their capacities and increase their income
in agriculture and allied activities. MKSP was
implemented in Tamil Nadu with a budget outlay
of Rs.24.35 crore in the districts of Villupuram,
Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram and Karur covering
14 blocks.
From the year 2016-17, livelihood promotion
activities were also being taken up from NRLM
Annual Action Plan. Year wise and scheme wise
282
progress in coverage of Livelihood activities is
given in the table.
Table 7.7
Block Coverage Plan
SI.
No.
Year
No.of
Districts
Blocks
Mahila
Kisans
MKSP
1 I Phase 3 10 16,800
2 II Phase 2 4 12,000
Total 4 14 28,800
NRLM
1
2016
-
17
14
7
38
400
2
2017
-
18
9
15
28
950
3 2018-19 9 29 47150
4 2019-20 30 65 271370
Total 30 116 385870
In the year 2020-21, it is proposed to take
livelihood promotion activities covering 97,900
women farmers in 29 blocks.
7.7.1. Strategy for Implementation of
Livelihood activities
Under Farm Livelihoods interventions, the
core focus would be to promote sustainable
agriculture, where the inputs are localized, risks
are mitigated, productivity is enhanced, and food-
nutritional security is ensured. Hence, net income
of family is increased. In sustainable agriculture,
TNSRLM is focusing on agro-ecology by promoting
283
low cost sustainable practices such as Non
Pesticidal Management (NPM), Integrated Nutrient
Management (INM), inclusion of cultural practices,
climate resilient practices, soil health improvement
/ management, in-situ water conservation,
diversified poly-crop model and promoting
traditional varieties of seeds.
TNSRLM recognized the importance of
livestock, especially the small ruminant and
poultry in the livelihoods of the poorest. TNSRLM
would be engaged in aligning livestock activity as
an integral part of farm sector livelihoods through
community based institutions by creating a cadre
of community service providers for delivering the
related services at the door step of the SHG
members.
The following are some of the interventions
at household level and village level:
a. Household Level
Nutri garden promotion for household’s
nutritional security and regular income.
Preparation and usage of Beejamruth for seed
treatment and Ghanjeevamruth etc., for soil
fertility management.
284
Promotion of NADEP/Vermi compost, sticky
traps etc.,
For in-situ moisture conservation, practices like
mulching.
Promotion of SRI/SSI, Azolla cultivation, trap
cropping and bund cropping.
b. Village Panchayat Level
Non Pesticidal Management (NPM) shop
Custom Hiring Centre (CHC)
Regular Farmer Field School (FFS)
Community Resource Persons (CRPs)
Seed bank
VO/PLF sub-committee
Producer Group
The focus of the entire livelihood promotion
will be through social capital by promoting
Community Resource Persons (CRP) for every
village to provide supports in agriculture and
livestock activities.
Livelihoods interventions in the project
blocks should be started in a programmatic
manner with the following guiding principles:
285
Identify small and marginal farmers (SHG
members by giving priority to vulnerable,
deprived and Women headed households).
Mobilize them into institutions such as
Producer’s Groups and Farmer Producer
Organisations
Intensive engagement through promotion of
Farmers’ Field Schools.
Focus on capacity building and handholding
support.
Build Social Capital – create a cadre of
Community Resource Person (CRPs) for scaling
up in the new areas
Address the needs of entire livelihoods basket
and integrate agriculture and livestock.
7.7.2. Primary Producer Groups
To overcome the difficulty of individual
farmers and to improve their bargaining power,
collective approach is being promoted by TNSRLM
by forming ‘Producer Groups’. A group of mahila
kisans involved in agriculture and livestock having
marketable surplus will be aggregated to form
such Producer Group.
286
Based on the primary crop cultivated by the
Producer Group, Capacity Building to the members
will be provided for the Sustainable farming
activities viz., Micro irrigation, Organic farming,
Integrated Farming System, Integrated Plant
Protection Management, Integrated Nutrient
Management and Marketing. The training and
necessary demonstration will also be converged
with departments of Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry.
So far, 3,850 Farmer Producer Groups have
been formed with 1,01,019 mahila kisans. The
members of the producer groups will be motivated
to take up collective activities such as collective
procurement of raw materials, other inputs and
aggregation of their produce for marketing and
value addition.
In 2020-21, it is proposed to extend farm
activity in 979 Village Panchayats to cover 1 lakh
beneficiaries and additionally it is proposed to form
850 Producer Groups. Each Producer Group will be
provided with a working capital loan to the tune of
Rs.1.50 lakh for collective procurement of raw
material, aggregation and marketing. In addition,
each Producer group can avail loan of Rs.50,000
287
for infrastructure such as facilities for sorting,
grading, plastic crates and other tools and
equipment for safe storage and transportation.
7.7.3. Farmer Producer Enterprises
In order to compete with the market
situation and to strengthen the value chain
services, Producer members are aligned together
to form a Producer Enterprise. The Producer
Enterprises may be registered under the
Companies Act or Cooperative Act or any other
Act. They are expected to take up higher order
activities such as processing and value addition
post-harvest management, market linkages and
extending inputs and services to its member
constituents apart from accessing financial
institutions for capital requirements. Over a period
of time it is proposed to establish 10 to 20
Producer Enterprises by TNSRLM.
7.7.4. Custom Hiring Centre (CHC)
Custom Hiring Centre refers to collection of
various tools and equipments suitable to various
crops at one place to provide farm based services
at a pre-determined service cost. People who
desire to hire the services of tool bank can utilise
the services by paying a service charge. The tools
288
for such a bank / custom hiring centre will be
selected based on available crop, demand, cost of
such machines, manageability etc. With a careful
choice of different tools & equipments, the CHC
will be in a position to get orders throughout the
year.
During the year 2019-20, orders for
establishing 251 Custom Hiring Centre were issued
at a cost of Rs.10.00 lakhs each with a funding
pattern of 80:15:5 viz department subsidy (80%),
project contribution (15%) and beneficiaries
contribution (5%). District wise, the PLFs which
are interested to run the CHC with their 5%
contribution have been identified. Orientation
training was given to PLFs to expose the
availability of various machineries suitable to
various crops. To operate and run various
machineries, group of farm women in the name of
Labour Army will be formed and they will be
engaged to provide farm mechanisation services
for various crops. While the CHCs will be owned by
the PLF of the village, the labour army will run the
CHC and render services on cost basis.
The Objectives of Custom Hiring Centre are;
289
To create opportunity to a group of women to
provide farm mechanization services and to earn
income.
To achieve drudgery reduction for women by
introducing crop specific women friendly tools
and machineries.
Expand mechanized activities amongst small
and marginal farmers.
7.7.5. Farm Field School (FFS)
In order to engage the farmers intensively
and to disseminate various agronomic practices to
farmers, it is proposed to conduct Farm Field
School under TNSRLM. FFS is fundamentally a
participatory group approach for collective action
to experiment and solve problems independently.
In FFS, groups of farmers meet regularly
with a facilitator, observe, talk, ask questions and
learn together for 8-12 weeks for a growing
season of a crop. FFS is based on the fact that the
best learning takes place by doing rather than just
listening. Farmers are encouraged to make their
own discoveries and draw conclusions. The scope
of FFS approach includes not only agriculture and
IPM but also include aspects such as water
management, household livelihood security etc.,
290
As part of Livelihood Promotion strategy,
especially for the Farm Sector under TNSRLM Farm
Field Schools are proposed to be conducted in all
project blocks where Farm Livelihood Promotion
has been rolled out @ 20 Farm Field Schools per
block (10 FFS for Agri and 10 FFS for Livestock),
totally 2,320 Farm Field Schools.
7.7.6 Nutri Garden
As a special initiative to address the food
and nutrition and for the promotion of health and
well-being among the rural people Nutri garden is
being promoted under TNSRLM. Under the scheme
awareness is created about food and nutrition,
training is given to set up Nutri garden and
required seeds and seedlings are distributed to the
selected SHG members. The beneficiaries have to
establish nutri garden in their backyards or roof
tops or any other place available to them. Papaya,
moringa, lemon, curry leaf, manathakkali keerai,
Mango, Guava, Banana are some of the vegetable
and fruits promoted under nutri garden. During
the year 2019-20, training was given to 2 Lakhs
SHG members and formation of nutri garden done
in the villages.
291
For the year 2020-21, it is proposed to
extend the scheme to additional 2 lakh SHG
members.
7.7.7. Promotion of Organic Village Cluster
TNSRLM has been strengthening livelihoods
by interventions in agro-ecological practices,
improved livestock rearing, and sustainable Non-
Timber Forest Produce (NTFP) collection and value
addition. Organic farming is the next logical
progression as it moves towards organic
certification and marketing to enable farmers to
get better market access.
The activities to be taken up under Organic
Village Cluster are
Identification of organic village clusters
(selection of village clusters)
Placing qualified staff for implementation of the
programme
Technical support Agencies (TSAs) and
partnership for implementation support
Identification of interested Mahila Kisans
Identification of Resource Persons (Community
Resource Persons (CRPs) and Master Trainers)
Initiating Organic Certification process
292
Training and capacity building of project staff,
CRPs and mahila kisans.
Consultations at state and district level for
collaboration with other institutions and line
departments for convergence with existing
schemes like Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana
(PKVY).
During the year 2018-19, 20 clusters
covering 2,000 farmers were selected for
promotion of organic cultivation and all the
farmers were grouped in to Local Groups and their
details of farming are uploaded in the PGS portal
by the Resource Agency. During the year 2019-20,
an additional 20 clusters have been identified
covering additional 2,000 farmers. They are also
formed into Local Groups for Organic certification
processes. Based on the successful
implementation, it is proposed to scale up organic
village clusters promotion to 100 clusters during
2020-21.
7.7.8. Start-Up Village Entrepreneurship
Programme (SVEP)
Start-Up Village Entrepreneurship
Programme (SVEP) is a sub-scheme under
National Rural Livelihoods Mission, Ministry of
293
Rural Development, Government of India for the
promotion of Non-Farm livelihoods.
The scheme was initiated in the year 2014-
15 with the primary objective of stimulating
economic growth and reducing poverty and
unemployment in the villages by encouraging SHG
members to take up local nonfarm activities. The
scheme is funded by the Centre and State in the
ratio of 60:40.
Core objectives of the programme are:
To help the rural poor come out of poverty by
setting up enterprises and provide mentoring
support till the enterprises stabilize.
To provide them with business skills, exposure,
loans for starting enterprises and business
support during the first six critical months of
their enterprises.
Development of social capital in the form of
Community Resource Persons-Enterprise
Promotion (CRP-EP) who will provide hand
holding support to the enterprises.
Skill development of Entrepreneurs.
The Scheme is implemented in Tamil Nadu
in 2 blocks namely Thiruporur (Chengalpattu
294
District) and Ulundurpet (Kallakurichi District) with
a budget outlay of Rs.10.18 crore to assist 3096
identified new and existing micro enterprises.
Enterprises in Manufacturing, Trading and
Service sectors that has the potential to be
profitable and generate employment in villages will
be identified by CRP – EPs. Based on the interest
and basic knowledge on the selected enterprise by
the SHGs / SHG member, support for business
plan preparation would be rendered by the CRP –
EPs. TNSRLM will also provide mentoring and
handholding support for the beneficiaries.
On approval of the Business Plan, the
financial support will be provided to SHG member
entrepreneurs through Community Investment
Fund (CIF), Community Enterprise Fund (CEF) and
Bank Linkage.
7.7.9. Non-Farm enterprises promotion
through NRLM
In addition to Start-Up Village
Entrepreneurship Programme (SVEP), Non-Farm
enterprises promotion is taken up through NRETP
and NRLM in selected blocks. Individual and group
enterprises are proposed to be promoted through
One Stop Facility which comprises of group of
295
CRP – EPs and other professionals capable of
supporting interested SHG member entrepreneurs.
One Stop Facility will help entrepreneurs to
identify possible enterprises, preparation of
business plan, accessing Community Enterprises
Fund or Bank loan etc. Similar to OSF, Incubators
will be set up to promote and mentor some of the
replicable enterprises which have got good
potential in that area. Institutions which can run
such incubators will be roped into provide
incubating services.
During the year 2020-21, it is proposed to
develop 3,000 non-farm enterprises through OSF,
Incubators and clusters development.
7.7.10. Marketing Support
a. Exhibitions
TNSRLM supports SHGs for marketing their
products periodically through exhibitions, bazaars
and regularly through marketing complexes.
These exhibitions create avenues for improving
marketability of SHG products and marketing skills
of SHG members.
TNCDW organizes 3 State Level exhibition
every year on the eve of Pongal, Chithirai and
296
Navarathiri festivals under the Banner “Mahalir
Mela” to popularize and promote the sales of SHG
products like handicrafts, artificial jewellery, jute
products, leather goods, millet products etc.,
During the year 2019-20, Navarathri Exhibition
was conducted at State level in which 130 SHGs
participated and sold products worth of
Rs.68.25 lakh.
Sale of Articles of Rural Artisans Society
(SARAS) exhibitions are a regular annual national-
level event and are able to elicit wide participation
of Self Help Groups from all over the country. The
participants bring an impressive range of rural
products. During the year 2019-20, 319 SHGs
from Tamil Nadu have participated in 11 SARAS
Exhibitions at National level and sold products
worth of Rs.86 lakh.
Organic Melas
Tamil Nadu Rural Livelihood Mission
supports the livelihood of organic farmers & SHG
members by periodically conducting organic melas.
The promotion of organic products has reached the
public and thereby the sales motivate the organic
farmer. In 2019-20, nine organic melas were
conducted with sales worth of Rs.45 lakh.
297
In continuation of the last year, 12 organic
melas are planned for 2020-21.
b. State and District Supply & Marketing
Societies
The State Supply and Marketing Society
(SSMS) is a registered society under Tamil Nadu
Societies Registration Act, 1975 established for
promoting the sale of SHG products and value
addition. Similarly, District Supply and Marketing
Societies function at district level to promote SHG
products in the districts through kiosks and
marketing complexes built for promotion of SHG
products. All District Supply and Marketing
Societies have been linked to the State Supply and
Marketing Society.
c. College Bazaars
College Bazaar is one of the market avenues
to familiarise the SHG products among the youth.
Such bazaars benefit SHG members to assess the
latest market requirements and help in
popularising SHG products apart from ensuring
good revenues for the SHGs.
During 2019-20, so far 26 college bazaars
have been organized. In these bazaars, 682 SHGs
298
have participated and sold products worth of
Rs.82.78 lakh.
d. Mathi Kiosk
Mathi Kiosk is an exclusive sales outlet to
promote the sale of SHG products. 137 kiosks
have so far been established in prominent
locations like tourist places, bus stands, temples,
Government offices and other institutions across
the state. Products like herbal products,
handicrafts, stylish jute products, artificial
jewellery, minor millets and handmade toys etc.,
are sold through the kiosks. During 2019-20 so far
the total sales made through these kiosks are
Rs.192.40 lakh.
e. Sanitary Napkin Federation
As a special initiative, TNCDW promoted a
Sanitary Napkin Federation (TNSANFED) by
federating 54 Sanitary Napkin producing SHGs
functioning across the State. The federation
ensures timely and qualitative supply of napkins to
Health Unit Districts (HUDs) to implement
Menstrual Hygiene programme.
Government through the Health and Family
Welfare Department have placed an order for the
299
supply of 36 lakh packets of belt type of Sanitary
Napkin to the tune of 7.56 crore in the year 2018-
19, vide G.O.(Ms) No.458, Health and Family
Welfare (P2) Department, Dated.08.12.2017.
During 2019-20, TNSANFED have produced
and supplied 43.75 lakh sanitary napkin packets
through 54 SHGs across the State to 32 Health
Unit Districts (HUD) allocated to them to the tune
of Rs.9.18 crore.
f. Formalization of SHG entrepreneurs
As a special initiative, SHG members who
are engaged in manufacturing, trading and service
sector as part of their livelihood activities, but do
not have Udyog aadhar, PAN Card, FSSAI license,
GST etc., have been helped for improving and
scaling up their activities. Holders of the above
documents have many advantages such as
availing government subsidy, easy access for
finance from banks, priority in government
procurements and other entitlements. In order to
enable SHG members to avail such benefits, a
special drive was conducted. About 9,000 SHG
entrepreneurs have benefitted so far.
300
g. Branding
To improve the marketing of SHG products,
Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of
Women have developed and registered a brand
and logo for the state in the name of 'Mathi'. In
addition, it is also planned to support districts to
have their own district specific brand name and
logo.
Based on the level of attainment of quality
and turnover and the level of adherence to
Standard Operating Procedures, the SHG products
will be brought under district / state level
branding.
7.8. Social Inclusion and Social Development
Special efforts are being undertaken under
TNSRLM to identify and mobilize vulnerable and
marginalized households, particularly those
belonging to SC/ST, Minorities, Differently abled,
Women Headed Households, Landless, Migrant
labour & Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups and
households located in isolated and remote villages
in hilly terrains. In this context, there is a need to
initiate various social inclusion and social
development (SI&SD) related interventions and
integrating with the TNSRLM activities.
301
During the current year (2020-21), the
following activities will be carried out under this
component:
a. Special convergence for Differently Abled
& Elderly
As part of the social inclusion strategies,
TNSRLM proposes interventions for extending
community based support to differently abled and
vulnerable persons. This will be carried out in 9
Districts covering 1,163 Village Panchayats of 29
blocks with a budget outlay of Rs.777.83 lakh in
2020-21.
As part of the intervention, a technically
qualified agency (BDMRFA – Block Disability
Mitigation and Rehabilitation Facilitating Agency)
will be engaged for each block so as to effectively
address the needs of differently abled and
vulnerables through development of skilled
Community Differently abled Facilitators (CDFs).
Identification of persons with disability, their
entitlements and rehabilitation wherever applicable
will be done through this programme. Special
Groups for the PWDs, Elders and other vulnerables
will be formed and their requirements will be
addressed through this strategy.
302
b. Community Based Mental Health
Programme – Manam Inithu
Mental Health and Well-being are
fundamental for the over all development of
individuals – particularly women. Based on this, a
pilot programme on community mental health is
introduced by TNSRLM from the year 2019-20. The
objective of this programme is to develop
community level mental health counsellors in the
proposed village panchayats to provide
counselling, assisting and mentoring community
members for the well-being of their family
members in convergence with the Health
Department, NHM (National Health Mission), NGOs
etc. A community training manual on mental
health has been released by Hon’ble Chief Minister
of Tamil Nadu on 31.10.2019 and ToT on mental
health and well-being was imparted to 35
members (5 from each districts) of 7 pilot districts.
To facilitate the technical support for
implementation, a knowledge partner namely
Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF)
Chennai has been engaged. An amount of
Rs.802.47 lakh is earmarked during 2020-21 to
carry out the following activities:
303
Developing CRPs as community mental health
counsellors / Bare Foot Counsellors (BFCs) in
village panchayats.
Conducting community camp for identification of
affected persons.
Remuneration for the services rendered by
community mental health counsellor.
Orientation to PRIs, VPRCs, SHGs and PLFs on
positive mental health practices.
The programme is proposed to be implemented
in 22 districts covering 22 Blocks and 735 village
Panchayats.
Follow up activities:
In continuation of the above process, the
follow-up activities like Family counselling, Coping
support, Medical follow-up and Community peer
support will be carried out through trained CRPs to
ensure expected outcome of the programme
besides arranging for livelihood trainings and
engaging the recovered persons in MGNREGS
works. The CBOs shall act as community
institution for first level approachable institution
for mentoring, referrals etc.
304
c. Food, Nutrition, Health & WASH (FNHW)
TNSRLM is given top priority to Food,
Nutrition, Health, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
(FNHW) health and through this component it is
addressing issues in the project areas to find
progressive solution. It is proposed to support the
empowerment of CBOs by integrating community
based FNHW convergence interventions. This
component of intervention will be implemented in
co-ordination with Health, ICDS and Education
Departments as a collective initiative.
Under this component, a Block Nutrition
Centre (BNC) will be created on a pilot basis in one
block by which the reduction in the proportion of
women and children affected by Anaemia,
Stunting, Wasting and Underweight in will be
demonstrated besides creation of awareness to the
SHGs of the 5 blocks selected for implementation.
The proposed interventions will be
implemented in Coimbatore, Virudhunagar and
Ramnad Districts under TNSRLM covering
104 Village Panchayats and in Salem and
Cuddalore Districts under NRETP covering
83 Village Panchayats at an estimated cost of
Rs.356.35 lakh.
305
d. Gender Interventions
During these days of increasing economic
growth, there is a need to get away with the
Gender biased treatments persisting in the society.
There is a need to intervene in the matter of child
marriage, domestic violence and sexual abuse so
as to safeguard the women and children.
Keeping the above social concerns in mind,
the Gender interventions are planned to be
implemented and integrated with the TNSRLM
activities from the current year (2020-21)
onwards.
The above component of intervention will be
piloted in Dharmapuri, Ramnad and Nilgiris
Districts covering 6 village Panchayats under
TNSRLM and in 2 Village Panchayats in Cuddalore
District under NRETP at an estimated amount of
Rs.82.02 lakh in the year 2020-21.
e. PRI - CBO Convergence
The Convergence between the Gram
Panchayat and the Community Based
Organisations (VPRC/PLF) is very much essential in
the development of a village as the SHGs are
nurtured by the CBOs. Hence, the following
initiatives are proposed to be implemented in the
306
selected village panchayats.
Expansion of PRI-CBO Convergence projects.
Preparation of VRP (Vulnerability Reduction
Plan) and converging into Village Poverty
Reduction Plan.
Participation of VPRCs/PLFs in VPDP (Village
Panchayat Development Plan) preparation.
Enhanced participation of SHGs in Gram
Sabhas.
Convergence with flagship schemes &
programmes.
An amount of Rs.89.64 lakh has been
budgeted for the implementation in 13 districts
(Ciombatore, Cuddalore, Dharmapuri, Dindigul,
Nagapattinam, Ramnad, Nilgiris, Salam,
Thiruvarur, Thiruvannamalai, Vellore, Villupuram
and Virudhunagar) covering 1,356 village
panchayats during 2020-21.
7.9. Management Information System (MIS)
TNCDW manages a large amount of socio-
economic data regarding SHGs, other CBOs and in
particular, their transactions and governance
details through real time Management Information
System (MIS) for project planning and decisions
making.
307
e-Mathi, a part of TNCDW, is a portal which
enables Real Time Transactional Accounting &
Governance developed to enable the CBOs to
manage themselves. For the project it helps to
manage and monitor the activities of the CBOs by
acting as a Decision Support System (DSS).
e-Mathi portal and database of TNSRLM has been
upgraded to capture and provide real time
information of SHGs and CBOs like VPRCs and PLFs
by capturing the details of savings, loans,
repayment, maintenance of books of accounts
etc.,
Apart from e-Mathi, the other important IT
initiates taken during 2019-20 are:
tnatws.org – Portal working as an online MIS
for Amma Two Wheeler Scheme.
eCRP.in – Portal for Community Cadres
(Community Resource Persons).
Mobile App for monitoring of Sanitary Napkin
Federations activities.
eMathi App – Mobile app Community Digital
Radio and e-Learning platform.
308
7.10. National Rural Economic
Transformation Project (NRETP)
Subsequent to the closing of National Rural
Livelihoods Project (NRLP) in 2018-19, which
aimed to provide additional pro-poor investments
along with the provision of skilled technical
assistance in the implementation of NRLM, the
Ministry of Rural Development, Government of
India has introduced a new scheme namely
National Rural Economic Transformation Project
(NRETP) from 2019-20 with the funding
by Government of India and Government of Tamil
Nadu in the ratio of 60:40.
The NRETP will focus on implementing
higher order activities such as strengthening of
Block/Cluster level federations, promotion of value
chain development, individual and collective
enterprises in Farm and Non-Farm sectors, skill
development and scaling up of alternate models
for delivery of financial services. Also, the farm
livelihoods interventions will be focused around the
promotion of producer groups, producer
enterprises, organic village clusters and value
chain interventions. Apart from the livelihood
related interventions, the social development
309
interventions like FNHW (Food, Nutrition, Health &
WASH), Gender ect., are being integrated with
activities of Model CLF/PLF.
The project design envisages that there will
be an organic link between the model cluster level
federation and financial inclusion strategies,
insurance and pension schemes, producer groups
and organisations, product marketing and
enterprise development.
This project is implemented on a pilot basis
in the State in 20 blocks, covering 4 blocks each in
5 districts namely Cuddalore, Erode, Salem,
Thanjavur and Trichy districts. The blocks have
been chosen for implementation on the
consideration of
Presence of more than 2 years old SHG
federation.
Atleast 50% of SHGs federated and provided
with Community Investment Fund (CIF).
Farm and non-farm livelihoods interventions
have been grounded
Adequate amount of social capital has been
generated under various thematic areas.
310
A budget of Rs.30.12 crore has been
proposed for the year 2020-21 for our state which
includes a central share (60%) of Rs.18.07 crore
and state share (40%) of Rs.12.05 crore.
7.10.1. Model Panchayat Level Federation
(PLF)
Under National Rural Economic
Transformation Project (NRETP) 20 Blocks have
been identified in 5 NRETP districts, in which 729
panchayats are existing out of which 50% of the
Panchayats i.e 365 have been selected to develop
Model PLF / CLF in 3 phases as given below:
Table 7.8
Phase
No. of
Blocks
No. of
Pts
Period
I 5 80 April 2019 to March 2020
II 7 122 April 2020 to March 2021
III 8 163 April 2021 to March 2022
7.10.2. Digital Finance
The objective of this component is to lay
foundations for creating a credit history for SHG
women through a transactional MIS with links to
their bank accounts. The credit history thus created
will be the next step in facilitating higher order
financial linkages by supplementing CIBIL and Hi-
Mark scores.
311
7.11. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana -National
Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM)
The Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs,
Government of India restructured the erstwhile
Swarna Jayanthi Sehri Rozgar Yojana and launched
the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Urban
Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM) in 2014-15 with
the funding ratio of 60:40 by the Central and State
Governments. DAY-NULM intends to reduce
poverty and vulnerability of the urban poor
households by building strong Community Based
Organisations of the urban poor and enabling them
to access gainful Self-employment and Skilled
wage employment opportunities, resulting in an
appreciable improvement in their livelihoods on a
sustainable basis.
The mission also specifically targets the
needs of the Urban Homeless by providing shelters
equipped with essential services and the livelihood
concerns of the Street Vending Community by
facilitating access to suitable vending spaces,
institutional credit, social security and skills for
accessing emerging market opportunities.
The components of DAY-NULM scheme are:
312
1. Social Mobilization and Institution Development
(SMID)
2. Self-Employment Programme (SEP)
3. Employment through Skill Training and
Placement (ESTP)
4. Capacity Building and Training (CBT)
5. Shelter for Urban Homeless (SUH)
6. Support to Urban Street Vendors (SUSV)
7. Innovative and Special Projects (I&SP).
The Tamil Nadu Urban Livelihoods Mission
(TNULM) was implemented by the
Commissionerate of Municipal Administration from
2014 to 2016 and was initially implemented in 40
towns including District Headquarters and towns
having population more than one lakh.
The Nodal Agency / Mission Directorate for the
implementation of TNULM has been transferred to
Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of
Women (TNCDW) from the Commissionerate of
Municipal Administration, vide G.O(Ms). No. 62,
Municipal Administration & Water Supply (M.A.2)
department, dated 04.03.2016. Based on the
above order, the four major components of
TNULM, namely, Social Mobilization and Institution
Development (SM&ID), Capacity Building and
313
Training (CB&T), Employment through Skill
Training and Placement (EST&P), Self-Employment
Programme (SEP) are being implemented by
TNCDW from 2016-17. Further vide G.O.(Ms)
No.114, MA & WS Department, dated 27.10.2017,
the implementation of Innovative and Special
Projects (I&SP) has been transferred to TNCDW.
The remaining two components namely,
Shelter for Urban Homeless (SUH), Support to
Urban Street Vendors (SUSV) continue to be
implemented by the Commissionerate of Municipal
Administration through the Urban Local Bodies.
While the regulatory functions of forming and
monitoring the Vending Committees and
preparation of Street Vending Plans will continue
to lie with the Urban Local Bodies, TNCDW focuses
on the economic development support of urban
Street Vendors like skill development, financial
linkage, economic rehabilitation etc.,
7.11.1. Social Mobilization and Institution
Development (SM&ID)
a. Self Help Group Formation and Seed fund
to SHGs
From the year 2016-17 to 2018-19,
34,461 SHGs have been formed with the financial
assistance of Rs.34.46 crore. 10,635 SHGs have
314
been formed in the year 2019–20 and
10,000 groups were supported by seed fund of
Rs.10 Crore.
b. Formation of Area Level Federations and
Seed fund to ALFs
So far, 644 ALFs have been formed from the
year 2016-17 to 2018-19. 443 ALFs have been
formed in the year 2019–20 and 304 ALFs have
been supported with seed fund of Rs.1.52 crore.
c. Formation of City Level Federations
42 City Level Federations were formed from
the year 2016-17 to 2018-19. 5 City Level
Federations have been formed in the year
2019–20.
d. City Livelihood Centres
So far, 12 CLCs have been formed from the
year 2016-17 to 2018-19 at a total cost of Rs.1.20
crore. 39 CLCs have been formed in the year
2019–20 including 10 model CLCs and assisted
with total cost of Rs.3.90 Crore.
e. Employment through Skill Training and
Placement
During the year 2016-17 & 2017-18
22,083 youth have been trained under various
315
sectors with the financial assistance of
Rs.33.12 crore and training for 12,000 members of
2018–19 has been covered with financial
assistance of Rs.18.20 crore. In the year 2019–20,
training is being imparted to 5,939 youth.
f. Self-Employment Programme for
Individuals (SEP- I)
So far, Rs.145.43 crore has been provided
to 24,284 SEP-I beneficiaries from the year 2016-
17 to 2018-19 through bank loans. During the
year 2019-20, 7,460 individuals (including 2247
individual street vendors) have been assisted with
Rs.38.94 crore through various banks.
g. Self-Employment Programme for Groups
(SEP-G)
So far, Rs.440.18 crore has been provided
to 15,953 groups under SEP-G as bank loans from
the year 2016-17 to 2018-19. During the year
2019-20, 4,759 groups (including 200 Common
Interest Groups of Street Vendors) have been
assisted with bank loans of Rs.175.04 crore.
h. Self-Employment Programme (Bank
Linkage) [SEP-BL]
So far, Rs.828.79 crore has been provided
to 21,420 SHGs under SEP-BL as bank loans from
316
the year 2016-17 to 2018-19. In the year
2019-20, 7,880 SHGs have been assisted with
bank loans of Rs.293.26 crore.
7.11.2. Portal for Affordable credit and
interest Subvention Access (PAiSA Portal)
So far, a total interest subvention amount of
Rs.3.01 crore has been released to the
beneficiaries from the year 2016-17 to 2018-19.
In the year 2019-20, an amount of Rs.7.41 crore
have been released as interest subvention to
beneficiaries under SEP.
7.11.3. Support to Urban Street Vendors
(SUSV)
So far 1,21,098 street vendors have been
surveyed and identified in 664 Urban Local Bodies.
2,247 street vendors have been assisted with bank
loans amounting to Rs.12.20 crore under SEP-I
and 200 Common Interest Groups of street
vendors have been assisted with bank loan of
Rs.2.19 crore under SEP-G. Further
2 infrastructure development projects benefiting
2,595 street vendors have been approved at a
total cost of Rs.31.73 crore for Greater Chennai
Corporation and Madurai Corporation.
317
7.11.4. Shelter for Urban Homeless (SUH)
Under the SUH Component, so far,
242 Shelter Units (153 Regular Shelter and 89
Special Shelters including Shelters for Mentally
Retarded, Mentally Ill, Transgenders and hospital
shelters) have been sanctioned at an estimated
cost of Rs.101.33 crore, of which 161 shelters are
completed covering 12,073 residents. The
remaining shelters are under various stages of
progress. For 2019-20, 12 new shelters have been
sanctioned at a total cost of Rs.4.08 crore.
Further, 108 shelters are being supported with
O&M cost of Rs.5.37 crore.
7.12. Awards to Best CBOs (SHGs and PLFs)
and Bankers
In order to encourage good governance
and social awareness among SHGs, awards have
been instituted for SHGs and PLFs at State,
District and Block levels. These awards are
intended to honour the recipients as well as
encourage and motivate others towards best
practices. These awards are given every year to
5 best PLFs and 10 best SHGs at the State Level
and 1 best PLF and 3 best SHGs at District level.
318
Awards are also given to appreciate the
services of the banks which have rendered
support to SHGs and to motivate them.
7.13. Tamil Nadu State Non-Governmental
organizations and Volunteers Resource
Centre (TNVRC)
Tamil Nadu State Non-Governmental
Organizations and Volunteers Resource Centre
(TNVRC), as a part of TNCDW, was started in the
year 2001 and is functioning with the support of
TNCDW. It has been registered as a society under
Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act, 1975.
TNVRC is aimed at a) providing capacity building
to Project Staff, Community Based Organizations
(CBOs) and Master Trainers at State/District/Block
levels b) developing training materials / manuals,
charts and other Resource books for the Projects
c) providing support services to new community
oriented projects related to socio economic
development d) act as a Knowledge repository for
better initiatives, strategies, learning and
outcomes of various interventions undertaken by
TNCDW in the larger context of Poverty Alleviation
and e) to facilitate proactive and positive
engagement with the Non-Governmental sector.
319
National Health Mission (NHM) has executed
a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with
TNCDW for the implementation of population
based screening of Non - Communicable Diseases
(NCD) programme in association with TNVRC. It
has been implemented in 85 blocks and 2
Municipal Corporation areas (Coimbatore and
Thirunelveli) covering 30 districts through 1902
Community Resource Persons (Health). The
programme is an indicator of the tremendous
potential of the Social Capital that TNCDW wields
through its SHG members and it is an outcome of
the sustained investment that TNCDW has made in
Community Resource Persons.
Another initiative of TNVRC is to extend the
benefits of TNSRLM/TNULM to the people
relocated in the tenements of Tamil Nadu Slum
Clearance Board (TNSCB) resettlement areas in
Navalur, Perumbakkam, Gudapakkam & All India
Radio land and aims to bring the lives of the
displaced people to normality, to make them
resilient from the pains of displacement.
TNVRC has been recognised as a National
Resource Organization (NRO) on 2
nd
February
2018 by the National Rural Livelihoods Mission,
320
MoRD, GoI. TNVRC is providing technical support
to other SRLMs on Disability & Vulnerability
Interventions, Support for Elders, Farm and Non-
Farm Livelihoods, Institutional Convergence and
support in the formation of higher level
federations.
7.14. Tamil Nadu Women Development
Mutram Monthly Magazine
A monthly magazine was found essential to
act as an information, Education and
Communication tool for the various women
activities and schemes being implemented through
Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of
Women. Consequently, the Mutram society was
founded and registered under the Tamil Nadu
Societies Registration Act, 1975 (Tamil Nadu Act
No 27 of 1975). Under this society, the Mutram
monthly magazine is published every month. The
first edition of Mutram magazine was published
with 10,000 copies. Now, around 77,000 copies of
Mutram magazine are being sent to the subscribed
SHGs having 17 lakh members throughout Tamil
Nadu. Tamil Nadu Women Development Mutram is
to bring the news about the booming activities of
Women's Self Help Groups, Village Poverty
321
Reduction Committees and Panchayat Level
Federations working in all districts of Tamil Nadu.
The main objective is to collect and
disseminate the information about women related
developmental activities and updates issues in all
schemes by publishing regularly. Mutram
monthly magazine brings out the actual success
stories of SHGs, achievement of Panchayat Level
Federations and Village Poverty Reduction
Committees and Women Development projects
being implemented by the Government of Tamil
Nadu, Consumer Protection and Rights of Women,
Women Education, Women Protection Laws,
Poverty alleviation programmes, the importance
on savings, women entrepreneurship,
Development Programmes, Group activities,
Natural Farming methods, Health awareness,
activities of differently abled persons and Mental
Health awareness are being published to provide
necessary information to all the SHGs formed
under Mahalir Thittam, TNSRLM and NULM.
Mutram magazine enlightens the lives of SHG
Women.
322
7.15. Amma Two Wheeler Scheme for
working women
Amma Two Wheeler Scheme is a State
funded special scheme implemented from
2017-18. It is a scheme to empower working
women by enabling them to purchase women
friendly two wheelers to ease their commute to
their enterprises, places of employment,
engagement with banks and community based
institutions. Ease of use is a key consideration and
therefore the vehicle is gearless/auto-geared.
Women who are engaged individually or
collectively as a group in a livelihood activity /
wage employment and are commuting for a long
distance with their earnings being the primary
source of income for the family, are the intended
beneficiaries. This will also include (among others)
the following categories:
Eligible Beneficiaries
1. Women registered as workers in the Organized
and Un-Organized sectors.
2. Women employed in shops and establishments.
3. Self-employed women involved in petty trades
or otherwise.
323
4. Women working in Government Aided
Organizations / Private Institutions /
Government Projects / Community Based
Organizations – Panchayat Level Federations
(PLF), Village Poverty Reduction Committees
(VPRCs), Mavatta Makkal Kattral Maiyam
(Makamai) who are either on consolidated salary
or daily wages or on contract employment.
5. Banking correspondents / Banking Facilitators
and ASHA workers.
Apart from the working women covered
under the above categories, an amendment has
been issued by the Government through
G.O (Ms).No.179. RD&PR (CGS3) Department,
dated 29.11.2019 with the following amended
provisions for the benefit of more number of
working women.
1. The maximum age limit is raised from 40 to 45.
2. Educational qualification is fully relaxed.
3. Women working on special time scale in
Government Departments and Undertakings.
The Government have sanctioned
Rs.252.50 crore each year from 2017-18 onwards
for the past 3 years. A beneficiary under this
324
scheme will be provided with a maximum subsidy
of 50% of the cost of the vehicle or Rs.25,000/-
whichever is less, to purchase a brand new
motorized two wheeler whose engine capacity
should not exceed 125 cc. An additional assistance
of Rs.6,250/- thereby totalling Rs.31,250/- is
provided to beneficiaries who are differently abled.
A target of 1 lakh beneficiaries is proposed
for 2020-21 with an allocation of Rs.252.50 crores.
So far 2,07,823 vehicles have been distributed
under this scheme and an expenditure of
Rs.468.75 crore incurred.
7.16. e-Learning and Community Digital
Radio
To benefit nearly 1 crore members of SHGs
in Tamil Nadu, a mobile App based e–Learning
platform has been developed with the SHG
relevant content such as SHG success stories,
guidance, advisories, experiences, sharing of ideas
and important information and facilitated the SHG
members to watch, understand and learn through
their mobiles. This online learning platform with
its customised content will initially enhance the
existing capacity building programmes and
subsequently become the main training strategy
325
when combined with e-Certification programme in
the future, resulting in enormous savings of time
and budget combined with latest media approach
quickly reachable to the SHGs. The Hon’ble Chief
Minister of Tamil Nadu had inaugurated the launch
of e-learning platform and Community Digital
Radio on 06.03.2019.
e-Learning modules were developed for SHG
governance, Financial Inclusion, Livelihoods, Skill
Training, Enterprise Promotion, Marketing, Swachh
Bharat Mission, PRI-CBO Convergence and Poshan
Abhiyan. The App has also hosted a Community
Digital Radio with curated best contents targeting
the holistic development of SHG women in future.
It has been planned to cover 65 Master
Class contents and 40 Radio contents. Out of
which 28 Master Class content and 27 Radio
content have been uploaded so far for community
digital radio and e-learning module.
326
327
8. Tamil Nadu Rural
Transformation Project
(TNRTP)
328
8. Tamil Nadu Rural Transformation Project
(TNRTP)
8.1. Introduction
Tamil Nadu Rural Transformation Project
(TNRTP) is implemented with an objective of
transforming the rural communities by creating
sustainable development and prosperity through
enterprise promotion, access to finance and
employment opportunities. It is a unique World
Bank aided project that intends through its
innovative strategies a higher intervention order
beyond poverty alleviation and to establish an
affluent rural society.
TNRTP has been designed based on the
various investments made and community assets
created by the erstwhile Tamil Nadu Pudhu
Vaazhvu Project (2005-17), National Rural
Livelihoods Project (2012-13 to 2018-19) and the
existing Tamil Nadu State Rural Livelihoods
Mission (2012-13).
8.2. Project Development Objective
The Project Development Objective (PDO) of
TNRTP is “to promote rural enterprises, access to
329
finance, and create employment opportunities” in
selected blocks of Tamil Nadu.
8.3. Area of Operation
The Project is implemented in 2 phases
covering originally 26 districts (now 30 districts
after some districts’ bifurcation), 120 blocks and
3,994 village panchayats over a period of 6 years.
8.4. Funding
The World Bank and the Government of
Tamil Nadu are funding this Project in the ratio of
70:30 at an estimated cost of Rs.918.20 crore
(142.8 million US$). The loan assistance from
World Bank will be Rs.642.74 crore (100 million
US$) and the assistance by Government of Tamil
Nadu (GoTN) will be Rs.275.46 crore (42.8 million
US$).
8.5. Beneficiaries of the Project
The project will mainly target the SHG
households who have basic level of assets,
resources and skills created by the previous
projects; the emphasis will be on women,
scheduled tribes, scheduled castes, differently
abled, youth and aspiring entrepreneurs. The
beneficiaries will be producer households,
330
aggregated into producer groups/producer
collectives and individual entrepreneurs across
farm and non-farm sectors in the selected project
blocks.
The Project intends to create Nano, Micro
and Small Entrepreneurs both individually and in
groups in the project area and to form Producer
groups (PGs), Enterprise groups (EGs) and
Producer Collectives (PCs) to nurture and promote
rural enterprises. The Project will also support
skilling through community skill / farm schools.
8.6 Major Components of the Project
This Project comprises of the following four
major components:
1. Rural Enterprise Ecosystem Development
2. Enterprise Business Plan Financing
3. Skills and Job Opportunities
4. Project Management, Results Monitoring &
Evaluation
Environment and social management
framework (ESMF), women (gender parity),
Information, Communication & Technology,
Partnership and Convergence are the cross
cuttings of the entire project.
331
8.6.1. Rural Enterprise Ecosystem
Development
The prime objective of this component is to
facilitate an enabling rural enterprise ecosystem
development. This will include District Diagnostic
Study (DDS), Value Chain Analysis (VCA),
Participatory Growth Plan (PGP) and One Stop
Facility (OSF) etc.,
Identification of potential enterprises
through participatory methods for promotion of
rural enterprises (group and individuals),
strengthening of existing rural enterprises,
identifying market and value chain development
opportunities, providing business development
support services and informed pathways to
develop sustainable business are followed in this
component. The component will also focus on
promoting women-led enterprises and green
enterprises.
a. District Diagnostic Study (DDS)
The objective of the DDS is to identify and
prioritize major sectors/sub sectors and
commodities for enterprise promotion in the local
context. DDS is the first level of analytics based on
stakeholder consultations and analysis of
332
secondary information. This includes in-depth
evaluation of the district for identifying the
opportunities and challenges in specific sectors,
sub sectors and commodities for next level of
analytics through value chain approach.
This DDS report has been prepared in the
original 26 project districts for the promotion of
enterprises and approved by the district committee
headed by the District Collectors.
b. Value Chain Analysis (VCA)
Value Chain Analysis is done to deep dive in
the prioritized commodities/ sub sectors (identified
through DDS) and obtain deeper understanding on
the opportunities, challenges and risks that enable
to develop strategies for enterprise promotion with
specific focus on women tribal and differently
abled. This study will help to provide an analytical
insists from market opportunities and constraints
and to facilitate TNRTP project interventions and
investments for enterprise promotion.
A value chain study on millet production and
opportunities for rural enterprises and employment
has been initiated under this project.
333
c. Participatory Growth Planning (PGP)
Participatory Growth Planning is a method to
develop inclusive investment plans at village, block
and district level for enterprise promotion and for
the development of rural communities in
discussion with the local people and focused
groups.
For this purpose a mobile app with
templates containing details of village resources in
the spheres such as Agriculture, Animal
Husbandry, Horticulture, Fisheries, Cottage
Industries, Traditional Artisan Industries and
Tourism etc., has been created under this project
and through this mobile app, field survey in 1393
village panchayats (1
st
Phase) is taken up by a
team of 7 members consisting 3 Community
Professionals, one representative each from SHG,
VPRC, PLF and a village entrepreneur. This
exercise has commenced in Phase-I 38 blocks
(1393 village panchayats) and will be completed
before the end of April 2020. The SPMU is
monitoring the progress of survey through its
district and block units. In the rest of the 82 blocks
(2601 village panchayats) the PGP exercise will be
completed before July 2020.
334
d. One Stop Facility (OSF)
One Stop Facility is a business facilitation
center to be established for every 2 blocks through
which the rural entrepreneurs and enterprises can
get access to a range of business development
support services viz., business ideation and
conceptualization, business plan preparation and
its appraisal, handholding support to initiate the
business, support to access the required finance,
technology, skills, regulation & compliances,
market information, linkages etc.,
8.6.2. Enterprise Business Plan financing
The component deals with access to finance
for business plans of individual and group
enterprises through Matching Grant Program
(MGP) and other financial services by formal
financial institutions.
a. Matching Grant Program
To bridge the supply and demand gap for
new individual and group enterprises to access
finance from formal financial institutions is the
objective of this component. Matching grants
would be intended for first time entrepreneurs,
women led businesses, enterprise groups,
producer collectives, differently abled led
335
enterprises and other types of enterprises
perceived as a challenge by the financial sector.
Matching Grant Program (MGP) intends to
incentivize the repayment of borrowers and
generate momentum amongst the financial
institutions to lend to the above said enterprises.
Matching Grant will be available to the borrowers
together with the loans sanctioned by the PFI
(Participating Financial Institutions). On prompt
repayment of 70% of the loan amount, the
borrower is eligible for 30% waiver from the
Project. This method facilitates the
entrepreneurs/groups to fully concentrate in their
enterprise to run it profitable and to repay the loan
promptly. To monitor the financial transactions, a
Transaction Manager will be supporting the SPMU
for effective implementation of the Project.
b. Innovative Pilot Projects
TNRTP will be piloting certain projects that
are innovative such as (a) Creative industries in
the fields of weaving, pottery, metal works,
sculpture and fine arts to support rural artisans,
(b) Agri food hub facility - especially native and
traditional food to promote Culinary sector,
(c) Green enterprises such as solar power based
336
activities and bio-degradable Sanitary Napkins to
promote menstrual hygiene among women.
8.6.3. Skills and Jobs
The objective of this component is
a) to create Sustainable wage and self-
employment opportunities
b) promote relevant skills for higher value
agriculture and allied activities and
c) enable entrepreneurship through market
responsive skills and entrepreneurship
development”.
This sub-component will target skill
upgrades for rural youth particularly women to
ensure employment opportunities through
community skill schools and community farm
schools.
a. Community Skill Schools (CSS)
Among rural communities there is a high
demand for certain traditional skills such as
weaving, metal works, paintings, pottery, basket
and mat making etc., for which master
practitioners will be available in the local areas for
decades. Such practitioners/experts identified as
337
Trainers will be facilitated to set up community
skill schools with simple and minimum required
infrastructure to train the interested local people
so as to revive these ancient arts and ensure
enterprise promotion.
Trainers in trades like two/four wheeler
mechanism, home appliance service, masonry,
plumbing, welding, electrician, mobile repair,
IT enabled (computer) services etc., will be
identified and they will be facilitated to train the
communities under CSS to create more rural
enterprises. Generally those experienced persons
who train the communities through CSS for
various trades will be called as Trainers.
b. Community Farm Schools (CFS)
CFS seeks to develop a cadre of
self employed technical service providers
(SPARKS) in agriculture and allied sub sectors who
will, in turn build skills among the community
members through the use of these farm schools.
The CFS will identify specific skill gaps in
farm related occupation and bring in required
technical expertise for solutions and identify and
train sparks to deliver these suitable technological
338
support to the community. The CFS will work with
the individual and groups enterprises promoted by
the project for better synergy.
c. Sparks
Spark is a community expert/a practitioner
who has knowledge, skills, attitude and rich
experience in a particular farm activity. They
possess interest and keenness to share their
expertise and train community members on
required technical skills at village or block level.
The project will identify such individuals and
engage them as sparks to mentor, teach, train,
guide and handhold other individual practitioners
of similar activity under community farm schools.
8.6.4. Project Management, Results
Monitoring & Evaluation
For effective implementation of the TNRTP,
this component aims to provide support services,
develop management and monitoring systems,
create delivery processes for Financial
Management, Procurement Management, Human
Resource Management, Social, Environmental and
Tribal safeguards and Information Communication
Technology (ICT).
339
a. Monitoring and Evaluation
M&E is a continuous activity to generate
feedback on the performance of the project
activities and support project managers to take
timely corrective measures to address any
shortcomings and deviations. M&E system will
provide realistic, real time and easily
understandable information on various aspects of
project implementation.
The objectives of M&E are
1. Impact Evaluation through Baseline and Mid
Term Evaluation Survey including data collection
and analysis. 2. Project Monitoring including
physical and financial achievement against the
target. 3. Thematic Studies & Case Studies and
4.Overall assistance to the Project to design an
MIS for monitoring.
b. Creation of Digital Platform
Information, communication and Technology
(ICT) is an inevitable part of the Project to
establish a digital platform for the real time
monitoring of the project activities and their
efficient functioning. TNRTP is in the process of
developing, designing and implementing the
software application for this project.
340
This application will stabilize and strengthen
the Management Information System (MIS) of the
Project and serve as a ready reckoner for all the
data related to the TNRTP Project.
8.7. Organizational Structure
The Tamil Nadu Rural Transformation
Society (TNRTS) has been formed and registered
on 07.07.2017 under the Tamil Nadu Societies
Registration Act 1975. The Project management
and implementation is governed and guided by the
TNRTS, formed under the Department of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj, Government of
Tamil Nadu. At the District level, the District Rural
Transformation Societies (District Society) were
formed under the Chairmanship of District
Collector, to guide and facilitate the
implementation of the project. The Governing
Body (GB) and Executive Committee (EC) of the
TNRTS will provide guidance on policy level
decisions, coordination and direction to the SPMU
Team. The Project is being implemented through
the State, District and Block Level Project
Management units.
341
8.7.1. State Project Management Unit (SPMU)
The SPMU is headed by the Chief Executive
Officer (CEO), an IAS officer on deputation who is
directly monitoring the implementation of the
Project. She/He is supported by a state team in
the implementation, monitoring and supervision of
the project interventions.
8.7.2. District Project Management Unit
(DPMU)
Though the Project is implemented in 30
districts, there are 24 DPMUs (Theni and Karur
districts have been aligned to Madurai and
Tiruchirappalli) are functioning as implementation
units at present. The District Executive Officer
(DEO), heading the unit is supported by 4
Executive Officers in each district unit for
monitoring the progress of the Project.
8.7.3. Block Unit (BU)
The Block Unit has been established in 120
blocks across 30 districts headed by a Block Team
Leader and a team of 3 Project Executives.
The services of various Community cadres
and Community Based Organizations (CBOs) such
as SHGs, VPRCs, PLFs, BLFs etc., will be
342
judiciously utilized for the effective implementation
of the Project on need basis.
8.8. Recruitment and Training of Project
Staff
On 31.10.2019 appointment orders for 525
contract staff to engage at various levels of service
in the TNRTP were given by the Hon’ble Chief
Minister of Tamil Nadu.
Project Induction training was provided to
the newly appointed staff at State Institute of
Rural Development (SIRD) and Anna Institute of
Management (AIM) varying from 7 to 15 days to
understand the project objectives, components,
administration, roles and responsibilities of Staff
etc.,
8.9. Expenditure
A sum of Rs.17.33 crore was incurred as
expenditure up to 31
st
January 2020.
8.10. Budget Provision for 2020 - 21
A sum of Rs.163.35 crore has been provided
in the budget of 2020–21 for the implementation
of the project.
343
9. INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
assisted
POST TSUNAMI SUSTAINABLE
LIVELIHOODS PROGRAMME
344
9. INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT assisted POST
TSUNAMI SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS
PROGRAMME
Immediately after the devastating effects of
December 26
th
2004, the Government of Tamil
Nadu undertook many relief and rehabilitation
programmes. As a long term Sustainable solution,
it was decided to provide alternate and sustainable
livelihoods to the affected people in the coastal
areas, by implementing the Post Tsunami
Sustainable Livelihood Programme with the
assistance of International Fund for Agricultural
Development (IFAD). This programme, with a
multi pronged approach, has addressed crucial
requirements of the coastal population through the
establishment of community based organisation
like Self Help Groups, Joint Liability Groups,
Primary Producer Groups, Panchayat Level
Federationsand District Level Federations of Fish
Marketing Societies. It has successfully built
capacity of coastal community and upgraded their
skills and income for improving their sustainable
livelihood.
345
Self-employment and Disaster Management
programmes have contributed enormously towards
providing sustainable livelihood opportunities to
the affected coastal community.
I. Goal:
• To build self reliant coastal communities that
are able to manage their livelihoods in a
sustainable manner and resilient to shocks.
II. Objectives
• Developing viable enterprises and coastal
resource management systems supported by
the Community and other appropriate
institutions.
The activities are implemented in two phases as
detailed below:-
III. Programme at a glance:
Phase – I Phase - II
Duration :
11 years (2008 - 2019) 4 years (2016 – 2020)
Cost :
Rs.283.69 crore Rs.279.49 crore
Project
areas
:
1.Thiruvallur
2.Kancheepuram
3.Villupuram
4.Cuddalore
5.Nagapattinam
6.Kanyakumari
1.Thanjavur
2.Tiruvarur
3.Pudukkottai
4. Ramnathapuram
5.Tirunelveli
6. Thoothukudi
No. of
Blocks &
Panchayats
24 Blocks and 109
panchayats
36 blocks and 129
panchayats
Coverage
1.55 lakh Households
about 6 lakh population
1.20 lakh households
about 6.12 lakh
population
346
IV. Target Groups:
Coastal dwellers (in village directly or indirectly
affected by the Tsunami) ie.
i) Wage labourers employed in the fisheries
and agriculture sectors;
ii) Coastal fishers using beach launched crafts;
iii) Small-scale women fish vendors and
processors;
iv) Marginalized occupation groups (e.g seashell
workers)
v) Small and marginal farmers;
vi) Very poor and poor identified through
Participatory Rural Appraisal exercise etc.
vii) We cover around 2,21,587 households.
V. Strategy :
The proposed strategy for livelihood
development has four complementary thrusts:
(i) building and supporting community
organisations;
(ii) ensuring access to micro-finance and other
financial services;
347
(iii) developing the skills and knowledge of target
group households;
(iv) fostering the development of sustainable
larger enterprises and access to more distant
markets. This strategy for livelihood
development would be complemented by
community level planning and education and
awareness for resource management and
conservation, leading to the development of
community level infrastructures and
improvements in disaster mitigation.
The project lay special emphasis on women
– helping them to improve existing fish-related
livelihoods or diversify into new activities such as
livestocks and agriculture and agri-related
activities. As most members of Self Help Groups
(SHGs)/Joint Liability Groups (JLGs) are women,
they become owners of the larger micro-
enterprises supported by the project i.e. job-
seekers become job givers.
VI. Project Implementation:
Three Committees oversee the project
implementation.
348
1. The Programme Steering Committee, at
State level, headed by the Additional Chief
Secretary to Government, Department of
Rural Development and Panchayat Raj and
Additional Chief Secretary/Project Director is
the Member Secretary of the Project Steering
Committee
2. District Level Implementation Advisory
Committee (DLIAC) at the district level,
headed by the District Collector.
3. Cluster Advisory Committee (CAC) in the
village level, consisting of representatives of
Panchayat Raj Institutions, Non-Government
Organizations, other traditional Institutions
etc.
Chairman
Additional Chief Secretary to Government, Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj Department
Member
Secretary
Additional Chief Secretary / PTSLP
Members :
Principal Secretary to Government, Finance Dept.
Principal Secretary & Commissioner of Revenue
Administration
Director of Fisheries, Fisheries Department
Director of Rural Devevelopment and Panchayat Raj
Project Director, TNRTP
Managing Director, Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development
of Women Ltd.
District Collector, Thiruvallur District
349
VII. Project Components :
Many activities under following three
components are implemented through the
project:-
a) Coastal Area Resource Management
b) Enterprise promotion and employment
generation and
c) Programme Management.
9.1 Component – 1 : Coastal Area Resource
Management:
(a) Community Support
64 Cluster Resource Centres (CRCs) have
been established in the project area in partnership
with Facilitating Non-Governmental Organizations
D i s t r ict I m p le m e n tatio n O f fi c e r
A cc ou nts
O ffic er
C o m m u n it y
De ve lo p m e nt
O ffice r
E nterp r i se
D e vel o p m en t
O ffi ce r
M on it o rin g &
Eva lu a ti on
O ffice r
D i s t r ict Im p le m e n tatio n O ff i c e – P H AS E II
A ss ist a nt
E xe cu t ive
En g in e er
Ju n i o r
En g i ne er
A cc ou n t
A ss is ta nt
P ro je ct
A ss ist a nt - 3
Ju n io r
As si st an t
D riv er
O ffic e
As si st an t
A g ric u lt u ral
O ffice r
350
(FNGOs). A Cluster Resource Centre (CRC) is a
group of approximately 1 to 8 coastal panchayats.
At the grass root level, the programme is
supported by the Cluster Resource Centres.
A Cluster Coordinator, a Facilitator and a Business
Promoter have been placed in each of the CRCs.
Community Based Organizations like Panchayat
Level Federations (PLFs) and District Fishermen
Federations have been established and
strengthened for effective support to the
Community. 120 PLF buildings and 2 Fishermen
Federation buildings have been established at a
total cost of Rs.10.15 crore.
Further, construction of 1 PLF office building
and two fishermen federations are in progress and
will be constructed before March 2020 at the total
cost of Rs.1.32 crore.
b) Community Resource Planning
The objective is to create relevant and
useful infrastructure facilities in the project area. A
unique feature is the extensive involvement of the
community at all levels from planning, contribution
of resources, construction and maintenance of the
assets. Through Participatory Resource Mapping
exercise, infrastructure needs of the community
351
are prioritized with micro plans. 856 livelihood
linked infrastructure works such as 140
netmending sheds, 76 dry fishing yards, 7 RO
plants and 633 numbers of other works including
link roads, street lights and extension of pipelines
at a cost of Rs.44.05 crore have been created and
put to use.
Further, 54 Net mending sheds, 18 Fish
drying yards and 3 RO plants are in progress and
will be constructed before March 2020 to a total
cost of Rs.8.33 crore.
Environmental, Gender concerns and various
livelihood options are also addressed in these
micro plans.
c) Fisheries Resource Management
Decline of the fisheries resources due to
mechanization of fishing activities, and the
disturbances of breeding grounds are some of the
key problems identified. To augment the dwindling
fisheries resources, it has been decided by the
programme to deploy artificial reefs in the inshore
waters of the twelve project districts. The services
of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
(CMFRI)has been utilized to deploy
352
18 artificial reefs at a cost of Rs.3.08 crore in
Phase-I, six districts. The impact of artificial reefs
on fishermen community has so far been very
positive, as more diverse fish species are now
available for fishermen to catch. Other activities
like mud crab fattening, sea weed collection and
cultivation are also undertaken. Awareness
creation on scientific and sustainable management
of fisheries resources is being carried out in
convergence with Department of Animal
Husbandry, Dairying and Department of Fisheries
in all fishing hamlets along the coast.
For the year 2019 – 20, deployment of
artificial reef in 48 sites in Phase-II six additional
districts Thiruvarur, Thanjavur, Pudukottai,
Ramanathapuram, Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli
districts to a total cost of Rs.19.00 crore will be
completed with the assistance of National Institute
of Ocean Technology before March 2020.
9.2 Component – 2: Enterprise promotion and
employment generation
a) Micro credit to SHGs
The Self Help Groups (SHGs) in the project
area are regularly trained and graded according to
their performance. The invigorated SHGs are then
353
formed into Habitation Level Federations (HLFs)
and Panchayat Level Federations (PLFs). To ensure
the sustainability of the PLFs, they are being
elevated as Business Development Correspondents
(BDCs) of various banks. The PLFs get 2% of the
loan amount disbursed to the Self Help groups
(SHGs) and Joint Liability Groups (JLGs) as
commission in lieu of their facilitation in
monitoring and recovery of loans. 1% is given at
the time of disbursement of loan and 1% at the
time of repayment of loan. This initiative will go a
long way in ensuring sustainability of PLFs.
Upto 2018–19, 5215 SHGs loans to the tune
of Rs.354.94 crore has been sanctioned.
In 2019-20, a target is fixed to provide SHG
loans to 2000 SHGs to a tune of Rs.60.00 crore
through bankers. Against the above target as on
31.12.2019, 358 SHGs are linked with banks and
provided credit of Rs.21.38 crore, the steps are
taken to achieve the target. Bankers are also
directly exposed to all information related to the
performance of SHGs and PLFs so as to facilitate
timely credit.
At present, our financial partners in the
project are:
354
1. NABFINS
2. Tamil Nadu Grama Bank (RRB sponsored by
Indian Bank)
3. Indian Bank
4. ICICI also participates in credit linkage in two
districts for SHGs
In Phase I, existing 6 districts there are 109
PLFs, of which 107 are elevated as BDCs who have
earned BDC commission of Rs.2.46 crore as on
31.12.2019.
In Phase II, additional districts there are
127 PLFs of which 124 are now recognized as
BDCs by Indian Bank, NABFINS and Tamil Nadu
Grama Bank and the rest 3 are under process.
BDC commission of Rs.68.87 lakh has been earned
upto 31.12.2019.
b) Risk Management and Insurance
The Vulnerability Reduction Fund (VRF) is
managed by the PLFs. The VRF extends soft loans
to the poor people at times of natural disaster. The
project contributes 4/5
th
share of the fund and
1/5
th
share is contributed by the community. The
loan amount rages from Rs.1000 – 7500 and for
differently abled persons it is Rs.10,000/- at the
rate of 6%.
355
Utilization of Vulnerability Reduction Fund
over the years
Year wise
No. of people
benefited
Amount
(Rs.in lakh)
2010 – 11 1875 62.86
2011 – 12 1667 68.46
2012 – 13 3391 151.48
2013 – 14 3870 205.92
2014 – 15 6582 324.28
2015 – 16 6731 343.51
2016 – 17 4376 276.58
2017 – 18 3437 219.93
2018 – 19 2940 205.15
2019 – 20 5467 441.52
Total 40336 2299.69
Self Help Groups, Joint Liability Groups
(JLGs) and the members of Fish Marketing
Societies (FMSs) are exposed to various insurance
products covering life, personal accident, cattle
and assets. For the purpose of providing insurance
coverage to the fishing assets, a new organization
called PTSLP Fishing Asset Risk Mutual Society
(PFARMS) has been established.
PFARMS
The small scale fishing sector, which is
operating through beach landing crafts such as
dinghies, canoes, FRP Boats, Kattumaram with or
without Out Board Motors, etc., generally lack
safety and communication equipment. One of the
356
major risks confronting the small scale fishing
sector is asset risks that includes loss of or
damage to their small fishing vessels, equipment
and gears as a result of natural and individual
disasters. The Insurance companies intended to
consider the small scale fishing vessel insurance
treat them at a par with marine insurance and
wanted to charge an annual premium of 4% of the
value of the craft, which is applicable for large
deep sea industrial fishing vessels and mechanized
boats. This was very high premium and small and
poor fishermen could not afford it. Therefore the
PTSLP devised an affordable and accessible fishing
asset insurance programme for the small scale
fishers and the implementation model is purely a
hybrid model by forming a community based
institution named PTSLP Fishing Asset Risk Mutual
Society (PFARMS). In which the District Level
Fishermen Sangams’ Federations (DLFSFs) are
also the members. PTSLP has signed a tripartite
MoA with PFARMS and UIIC for the implementation
of asset insurance. The main features of the
programme are
a) the claims of catastrophic events will be
settled by the UIIC and the claims of
357
individual accidents will be settled by the
PFARMS
b) 1% premium only will be charged.
c) The claims will be settled within 7 days of
submission of all required documents.
Year wise asset insurance enrolment under
this programme
S. No.
Year
No. of fishing
assets enrolled
1 2017 – 18 5914
2 2018 – 19 7538
3 2019 – 20 7798
Total 21250
As of now, 15 claims have been settled for
personal accident to a tune of Rs.5.08 lakh by
PTSLP Fishing Asset Risk Mutual Society
189 claims affected through GAJA Cyclone
have been settled by United India Insurance
Company to as tune of Rs.27.59 lakh.
c) Product Development and Innovation Fund
Kitchen waste based bio gas plants have
been introduced in the project area as an
innovation. Through these plants the kitchen
wastes in those locations are best utilized enabling
358
a clean and safe environment besides providing
bio-fuel. The details are as follows :
Total per unit cost - Rs.23,400/-
o Project contribution
(Grant component) - Rs.12,500
o Beneficiary contribution - Rs. 8,000
o Loan component -Rs. 2,900
Rs.23,400
During 2019-20, 137 plants are installed
with a budget of Rs.32.00 lakh. It is also being
up-scaled in training institutes of Rural
Development Department.
d) Support to SHGs
The weak SHGs identified through periodical
structured survey are provided with capacity
building training. The PLFs are restructured and
the office bearers are given specialized training.
Exposure visits are also arranged to SHG
members. In addition to these measures,
workshops and retreats refresh their knowledge.
For the management of PLF accounts, a
customized Tally Software has been installed. Book
keepers have been appointed for all PLFs. Loans
for Income Generation Activities are also provided
to the SHG members apart from group loans.
359
e) Formation of Fish Marketing Societies
118 Fish Marketing Societies (FMS) have
been formed with the help of South Indian
Federation of Fishermen Societies (SIFFS).To free
the members of the Fish Marketing Societies from
indebtedness and from the clutches of
moneylenders/ traders and to break the vicious
cycle of poverty, a debt redemption loan is given
to each member of the FMS ranging between Rs
15,000 to Rs 70,000. All the FMS have been
provided with office buildings and other necessary
infrastructures. District fishermen federations have
been established at Thiruvallur and Nagapattinam
districts and one Regional Federation has been
formed at Villupuram for Kancheepuram,
Villupuram and Cuddalore districts. 3 Out board
motor workshops and 3 boat yards have been
established to a total cost of Rs.105 lakh to aid the
fishermen in boat repair. For hygienic handling of
fish, 4 fish procurement centres and 4 Fish Auction
halls have been constructed at a total cost of
Rs.282 lakh. For the effective functioning of fish
marketing societies, 75 fish marketing society
buildings have been constructed at a cost of
Rs.4.49 crore. Besides the above measures, fisher
360
women have been facilitated with credit for net
mending, formation of JLG for fish vending
women.
1858 Fish vending women JLGs have been
formed so far and revolving fund of Rs.11.61 crore
has been given to 9018 members to facilitate them
to get out of the strangle hold of money lenders.
Their repayment of loan % is an impressive 99%.
PTSLP won a SKOCH GOLDEN NATIONAL AWARD
for this intervention of “Economic Inclusiveness of
poor fish vending women JLGs”
For the year 2019-20, 22 fish marketing
society buildings are under progress and will be
completed before March 2020.
f) Income Generation Activities
Strengthening of existing livelihoods and
provision of alternate livelihoods to interested
women is an important priority in the programme.
To achieve this objective, providing livelihood skills
is very important. Realizing the need, the project
has trained 19000 people in various Income
Generation Activities. The training has sensitized
the people to available opportunities, ways to tap
them and taught them various value additions and
361
marketing options. The women have been trained
in various trades like, hygienic fish making, rabbit
rearing, palm leaf products, tailoring, screen
printing etc.
In 2019-20, about 1647 women are trained
for income generation in poultry rearing, palm leaf
products, sea shell crafts, tailoring, etc. with a
budget of Rs.183.00 lakh.
g) Micro Enterprise Development
The Programme Management Unit in
partnership with PLFs / Non-Government
Organizations (NGOs) / other organizations that
have experience in development of micro
enterprises, works to develop clusters of
enterprises in the identified sub-sectors like dairy,
drumsticks, Jasmine and mango activities.
Besides these clusters, micro enterprises based on
sub sectors like poultry, vegetable and mushrooms
cultivation, Dry fish production, coir products,
Floriculture, toys making, cashew nut processing,
beauty parlour, saree printing, etc., have been
supported with loans and skill training.
362
As on 31.12.2019, 4280 Joint Liability
Groups have taken up various micro enterprise
activities at a cost of Rs.87.01 crore.
In the year 2019-20, a target is fixed to
provide financial assistance to 2000 JLGs to a tune
of Rs.50 crore to take up the livelihood activities
against which 668 JLGs are linked and
Rs.12.84 crore disbursed. The steps are initiated
to reach the target.
h) Vocational Training
Employment linked vocational trainings in
many trades, with duration ranging from one
month to one year were provided to
5216 unemployed youth in the project area at a
cost of Rs.473.11 lakh.
9.3. Special Initiatives
Amongst other programmes, is the sub
sector initiative support given to the project area
with suitable livelihood activity, wherein overall
integration to meet the requirements is provided
to the community through experienced NGOs.
Features of sub sector projects :
• Organize groups/JLGs and train on group
mobility and operations
363
• Provide technical assistance
• Integrate with existing Government
programmes
• Provide credit support through bank linkage
• Assist in market linkage
• Ensure envisaged productivity and income
• Work towards sustainability in the operations
(A) Projects in Phase 1 districts –
1. Development of Mango, vegetables and
Medicinal Plants Sub Sectors in
Nagapattinam district
Mango/Vegetables/Medicinal plants sub sector
project in Nagapattinam district is being
implemented benefitting about 2850 farmers
from 12 coastal panchayats in 3 blocks. About
190 Primary Producers Groups have been
formed and they have been federated into
ThirumaraiKadu Vivasaigal Kootamaippu
(TKVK). PTSLP has assisted it with revolving
fund of Rs.73.00 lakh for their cultivation and
group operations besides setting up of
procurement centres and organic input sales
centre. The farmers have been facilitated for
sales through the centres for getting better
returns. The hand holding support was given by
364
Covenant Centre for Development (CCD) -
NGO.
Evolution of the Mango sub sector project
With the passing of the sub sector project
operations in Nagapattinam district, the
federation came up with a proposal to establish
a fruit processing unit and upgraded their
activities as a producers company in the name
of Nagai Organic Farmers Producers Company
Limited (NOFPCL).
PTSLP with the assistance of IFAD has
implemented the project with a budget of
Rs.1044.14 lakh (project funding of
Rs.866.74 lakh & beneficiary contribution of
Rs.177.40 lakh).
This pulp unit will facilitate the growers to
enhance their product for value addition and
provide the opportunity to fetch a higher price.
It supports the community on a long term basis
for a sustained well heeled status.
2. Dairy sub sector in Cuddalore district with
the support of Hand in Hand
Dairy project in Cuddalore district, benefitting
400 women from a cluster of 9 coastal villages
365
through joint liability group concept assisted
with credit through Tamil Nadu Grama Bank. A
dairy federation has been formed with these
members and operating for milk sales and feed
purchase. PTSLP has assisted the federation
with revolving fund of Rs.15.00 lakh for feed
purchase and animals purchase. The hand
holding support was given by Hand in Hand
(HiH) - NGO.
Projects in Phase 1I districts –
1. Value addition and Marketing of Paddy
and Millets in Ramnad district
The project aims to increase the income of
farmers in Ramnad district, through value
addition at the source, and to market the minor
millets and traditional paddy while promoting
farmers into producers’ company to ensure
sustainability of farming in coastal rain-fed and
semi-arid regions. The project area covers 12
coastal panchayats for the benefit of 1000
farmers.
The project is implemented with handhold of
Covenant centre for Development (CCD) - NGO
for implementation with a project cost of Rs.
60.04 lakhs.
366
2. Cultivation of Jasmine Layer Nursery &
Jasmine Flowers and Marketing in Ramnad
district
The project is implemented to benefit 400
jasmines growers from 2 coastal panchayats
SHG members in Ramnad district. Through this
project it aims at skill development on
cultivation and marketing aspects of the
members on jasmine for increasing the area of
the jasmine layer nursery, mother plant
cultivation and possibility of increasing the
jasmine production to result in earning good
profit from jasmine flower sale as well as
jasmine seedlings sale. The project is
implemented by Sivagangai Multipurpose Social
Service Society (SMSSS) NGO.
During 2019-20, the project is extended to
another 100 jasmine growing women with a
budget of Rs.12.00 lakh.
3. Goat rearing project
A Goat rearing livelihood project is
implemented in Pudukottai district facilitating
the women to rear goats with minimum
mortality and enhanced health and hygiene
through simple low cost techniques. This
367
project benefits about 500 women from
14 coastal panchayats with 42 numbers of
Community Livestock Volunteers (CLVs)
working for them to assist in attaining the
envisaged objectives. The project is
implemented with the handholding support of
Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental
Action (SEVA) – NGO.
During 2019-20, it is up-scaled to another
1000 goat rearing women in Pudukottai district
with a budget of Rs.12.80 lakh.
Further, to benefit the goat rearing women of
Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Thoothukudi and
Tirunelveli districts it is implemented to benefit
about 2000 beneficiaries with a budget of
Rs.50.00 lakh.
4. Moringa cultivation and Marketing in
Tirunelveli district
Cultivation and Value addition of Moringa in
Tirunelveli district to 800 women farmers from
11 coastal panchayats who will be involved in
cultivation of moringa pods, leaves and in
production of moringa oil for export purpose.
The implementation of this activity is done
368
through Stella Maris Institute for Development
(SMIDS) NGO.
During 2019-20, the project is extended to
another 200 women growing Moringa with a
budget of Rs.38.59 lakh.
All the sub sector projects are programmed for
assistance through bank credit so as to
facilitate the activity on time and the groups
(JLGs) are geared up to operate with group
cohesiveness by proper training and exercise.
5. Introduction of Machinery in Palm
Trainings and Capacity Building program on
palm climbing for women, using multi tree
climber machine specially designed for avoiding
accidents.
25 women trained for climbing palm tree.
6. Formation of Activity Clusters
To consolidate the efforts in JLG formation, it
has been proposed to study the scope for
establishing one or two activity Clusters per
CRC depending on the resources available,
opportunities for aggregating similar activities
for backward & forward linkages in an
innovative/ sustainable way to achieve
369
sustainable livelihoods. The following steps are
undertaken.
Mapping the CRC wise activities.
Assess the JLGs efficiency by verifying
Identification of gaps in the normal business
cycle of the JLG activities
Mechanism to plug the gaps
Aggregation of cluster activity
9.4 Monitoring and Evaluation
To closely monitor the activities, a simplified
Tally MIS software is utilized at all levels. Online
monitoring of the progress against outcome
indicators is regularly done. Through monthly
review meetings for District and cluster level staff,
progress of individual activities against the
timelines are followed up. Annual Outcome Survey
is conducted by third party every year. At the
state level, Programme Steering Committee and at
country level, Tripartite Portfolio Review meetings
are regularly conducted.
9.5. Conclusion
Post Tsunami Sustainable Livelihood
Programme (PTSLP) has made a tremendous
impact on the livelihoods of the coastal
370
community. The income levels of the target
households have increased significantly. The
awareness level of the people has reached new
heights. The Review teams of International Fund
for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Rome have
repeatedly commented upon the performance of
the programme as satisfactory.
Few notable achievements of the project
include the successful involvement of the
community at all stages of project implementation.
Sustainability of community based organizations
like the PLFs have been ensured through Business
Development Correspondents and Sub Sector
project on agri and allied enterprises. The poor
and very poor people have been roped in the
process of financial inclusion. Alternate and
successful self employment opportunities have
been created. The fishermen have been now better
organized so that their bargaining power has
enhanced; Few challenges like, continuance of
banned fishing practices; reluctance of financial
institutions to look into the entrepreneurial
proposals of the poor and very poor are being
addressed by the programme.
371
9.6 Project Financing - Agency wise Details
(Rs.in crore)
Sl.
No.
Agency
Amount
Phase – I Phase - II
1. IFAD 132.32
142.15
2. Govt. of Tamil Nadu 12.00
16.08
3.
Bank / Micro Finance
Institutions
100.61
94.32
4. Beneficiary Contribution 38.76
26.94
Total 283.69
279.49
9.7 Cumulative Expenditure Financial
Statement
i) Existing Districts:
(
Project closed on 30.09.2019)
S.
No.
Component
Project
Appraisal
Project Mid
Term Appraisal
Expenditure
from 2007 to
31.03.2019
2019-20
(01.04.2019 to
30.09.2019)
Cumula-tive
Expenditure
incurred upto
30.09.2019
Revised
AWPB
2019 - 20
Exp.
Incurred
I.
Coastal Area
Resource
Manage-ment
3851 5632 6154.78 76.00 91.02 6245.80
II.
Rural Finance &
Risk Transfer
Instruments
983 1398 1527.10 0 0 1527.10
III.
Employment
Generation &
Skill Training
6631 9399 6476.51 261.82 196.76 6673.27
IV.
Community
Based Sea
Safety&Disaster
Manage-ment
180 242 235.51 0 0 235.51
V.
Programme
Manage-ment
1592 2256 4058.16 186.00 125.65 4183.81
Total
13237 18927 18452.06 523.82 413.43 18865.49
372
Additional Districts
a) Component wise
(Rs. in lakh)
S.
No
Compo-
nent
Project
Apprai-
sal
2017-19
2019-20
(01.04.2019 to
31.12.2019)
Cumula-
tive
Expendi-
ture
incurred
up to
31.12.19
Fund
release
Expendi-
ture
upto
31.03.19
Revised
AWPB
2019-20
Exp.
incurred
I.
Coastal
Area
Resource
Manage-
ment
6104.46
3768.67
2170.81 4433.71 1143.31 3314.12
II.
Enterprise
Promotion
and
employ-
ment
generation
7455.15
3709.00
1550.39 3118.83 701.37 2251.76
III.
Programme
Manage-
ment
2262.90
927.10
914.81 1086.52 468.04 1382.85
Total
15822.51 8404.77 4636.01 8639.06 2312.72 6948.73
b) Category wise
(Rs.in Lakh)
S.
No.
Category
Project
Appraisal
2017-19
2019-20
(01.04.2019 to
31.12.2019)
Cumula-
tive
Expendi-
ture
incurred
upto
31.12.19
Fund
release
Exp.
Incurred
upto
31.03.19
AWPB
Exp.
Incur-
red
I. Civil Works 4421.09 3040.90 961.09 2045.00 615.80 1576.89
II.
Grants &
Subsidies
3592.00 2790.05 1245.37 3724.00 416.04 1661.41
III.
Vehicles &
Equipments
312.02 174.57 238.64 102.24 75.03 313.67
IV. Consultancies 2024.70 841.75 523.29 1179.59 535.04 1058.33
V.
Goods, input
& Services
3656.07 794.94 909.95 837.79 258.01 1167.96
VI.
Salaries and
Allowances
1816.63 762.56 757.67 750.44 412.80 1170.47
Total
15822.51 8404.77 4636.01 8639.06 2312.72 6948.73
373
PTSLP has taken into account the
vulnerability of coastal areas and has gone a long
way in incorporating resilience, adaptive system of
self-organization, self reliance through Self Help
Groups, Joint Liability Groups and Fish Marketing
Societies etc., ensuring sustainability of
multifarious livelihood programmes through or
independent of PLFs. It has also taken a successful
and realistic view point at enhancing the capacity
of socio-eco systems of coastal areas.
Post Tsunami Sustainable Livelihood
Programme (PTSLP) has made a tremendous
positive impact on the livelihoods of the coastal
community and constructed relevant
infrastructures like net mending halls, fish auction
halls, fish procurement centres, etc., to improve
the income of coastal community. The income
levels of the target households have increased
significantly. The awareness level of the people
have increased impressively. The JRMs/ISMs of
International Fund for Agricultural Development
(IFAD), Rome have commented upon the
performance of the programme as “satisfactory”
and as one of the successful IFAD programmes in
the Asia Pacific Region.
374
It has successfully facilitated the increase of
income, standard of living, nutrition level,
economic inclusiveness of poor fishers especially
poor fish vending women, Sea shell workers, small
and marginal farmers etc. It has empowered
coastal population and has given them
‘Confidence’ and ‘Hope’ to come up in life and face
any disaster or natural calamity.
375
10. Budget
376
10. BUDGET FOR 2020-21
A sum of Rs.21,585.633 Crore is provided in
the Budget for the year 2020-21. Out of which, the
Revenue Expenditure is Rs.19,679.255 Crore,
Capital Expenditure is Rs.1,906.227 Crore and
loans to the Government Servants is Rs.0.150
Crore.
377
11. Conclusion
378
Conclusion
The Rural Development and Panchayat Raj
Department under the guidance of Honourable
Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu is implementing
various schemes of central and state Governments
efficiently and expeditiously with the aim of
improving the quality of life of the poor in the rural
areas.
The objectives of Rural Development
Schemes will not fully bear fruits without the
support and participation of elected
representatives of the Rural Local Bodies. Hence,
the three tiers of panchayats are vested with
adequate powers and responsibilities to enable
them function as effective local self Governments.
The Chief Minister’s Solar Powered Green
House Scheme (CMSPGHS) and Pradhan Mantri
Awaas Yojana (Gramin) schemes effectively
address the housing needs of the rural houseless
people. The repairs to houses constructed 25 years
before under various Government schemes is an
unique initiative to carry out repair to the shelters
of poor people which gives them protection during
heavy rains, cyclones and other natural disasters.
379
The implementation of Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme has
been given new thrust to increase the income of
the poor families, by enlarging the land
development activities which will directly benefit
the SC/ST as well as Small and Marginal farmers in
rural areas. Further, the impetus given to Natural
Resource Management and kudimaramathu works
in the implementation of the scheme facilitate rain
water conservation and ground water recharge and
thus contribute to increase in Agriculture
production and productivity.
The Government has created an extensive
rural roads infrastructure to improve rural
connectivity. The positive impact of the rural road
connectivity is well established and hence the
Government is continuously focusing on the
improvement of the rural road network in the
state. This is being made with huge investment of
funds from various schemes like TNRRIS, PMGSY,
NABARD, SCPAR and other State and Central
Schemes. These comprehensive schemes ensure
sustained development in rural areas.
“Muzhu Sugaathaara Thamizhagam” in its
holistic approach will continue to be the key focus
380
of this Government to ensure improved sanitation
facilities in rural areas thereby creating a healthier
society. The key messages on Safe Sanitation,
Personal Hygiene, Menstrual Hygiene
Management, Solid and Liquid Waste Management
will be effectively disseminated and reinforced
among the rural community through continuous
Inter-Personal Communication activities by
involving the field functionaries. Towards this end,
continuous capacity building of the Stakeholders is
being undertaken from time to time. The guiding
principles in the Sanitation Policy of the State will
be effectively taken forward for ensuring the
overall development of the State.
The implementation of the erstwhile Tamil
Nadu PudhuVaazhvu Project (TNPVP), the Tamil
Nadu State Rural Livelihoods Mission (TNSRLM)
and the Tamil Nadu Urban Livelihoods Mission
(TNULM) has provided the poor and the women in
rural and urban areas with myriad opportunities.
The objective of this Government is to make the
women self-reliant through empowerment, skill
development and financial assistance. The thrust
in the coming years will be on promoting
sustainable community based institutions and
381
promoting rural enterprises by creating a
conducive ecosystem thereby triggering rural
transformation. The Government will continue to
maximise the involvement of the Self Help Groups
in its endeavour towards making visible
transformation in Tamil Nadu.
The Government will continue to implement
the Policies and Programmes as set out by the
Hon’ble Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
Puratchi Thalaivi Amma steadfastly so as to
ensure Tamil Nadu the best performing State in
the country in all fronts.
S.P.VELUMANI
Minister for Municipal Administration,
Rural Development and Implementation of
Special Programme
Chief Minister's Solar Powered Green House
Amma – Adi Dravidar Habitations Improvement Scheme Work
Tamil Nadu Water Resources
Conservation and Augmentation Mission – Kudimaramathu
Formation of Black Topped Road
Construction of New Bridge
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme Works
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme Works
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme Works
Tamil Nadu secured “Overall Best State” Award based on Sanitation Survey –
“Swachh Survekshan Grameen – 2019”conducted in all States
State Institute of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj, Tamil Nadu
has been awarded as the Best Performing SIRD & PR at National Level
Supply Order to SHGs for Sanitary Napkins
at an estimate cost of Rs.9.18 crore on 19.09.2019 at Chennai
SHG Credit Linkage Mega Function on 31.10.2019 at Chennai
Releasing of “Manam Inidhu Booklet”
on Mental Health Programme on 31.10.2019 at Chennai
Issuing Appointment Orders to 525 Persons
under Tamil Nadu Rural Transformation Project in Chennai
Distribution of Amma Two Wheelers on 22.11.2019 in Tenkasi District
Placement Order issued under DDU-GKY Scheme in Chennai
Sales Exhibition of SHGs Products in Chennai
Sales Exhibitions of SHGs Products in Chennai
Waste Plastics Re-cycling Unit run by a PLF in Dindugal District
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) assisted
post Tsunami Sustainable Livelihood Programme (PTSLP) Activities
