2021
AP
®
Seminar
Performance Task 2:
Individual
Research-Based Essay
and Presentation
Scoring Guidelines
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AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Individual Written Argument (IWA) 48 points
General Scoring Notes
When applying the rubric for each individual row, you should award the score for that row based solely upon the criteria indicated for that row,
ac
cording to the preponderance of evidence.
0 (Zero) Scores
• A score of 0 is assigned to a single row of the rubric when the response displays a below-minimum level of quality as identified in that row of the
rub
ric.
• Scores of 0 are assigned to all rows of the rubric when the response is off-topic; a repetition of a prompt; entirely crossed-out; a drawing or
ot
her markings; or a response in a language other than English.
Off-Topic Decision:
For the purpose of the IWA, if the response is not in any way related to a theme connecting at least two of the stimulus materials it will be counted
as o
ff-topic and will receive a score of 0.
• Considering the student-oriented scoring approach of the College Board, readers should reward the student who derives their ideas from at least
tw
o of the stimulus materials, even if they wandered away from them as they pursued their topic.
• If you can infer any connection to a theme derived from two or more stimulus materials, the response should be scored. A failure to adequately
inc
orporate the stimulus materials falls under rubric row 1, not here.
A READER SHOULD NEVER SCORE A PAPER AS OFF-TOPIC. INSTEAD, DEFER THE RESPONSE TO YOUR TABLE LEADER.
NR (No Response)
A score of NR is assigned to responses that are blank.
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Individual Written Argument (IWA) 48 points
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 1
Understand
and Analyze
Context
(0 or 5 points)
0 points
The response does not incorporate any of the stimulus material, or, at most, it
is mentioned in only one sentence.
OR
The response includes a discussion of at least one of the stimulus materials;
however, it does not contribute to the argument.
5 points
The response demonstrates the relevance of at least one of the stimulus
materials to the argument by integrating it as part of the response. (For example,
as providing relevant context for the research question, or as evidence to support
relevant claims.)
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0 points include a reference to the stimulus
material that:
• Is tangential.
• May misrepresent what the sources are discussing/arguing or may use the
source in such a way that ignores its context.
• Is only used for a definition or facts that could be obtained from other,
more relevant sources.
• Is no more than a jumping-off point for the student’s argument, no more
than a perfunctory mention.
• Could be deleted with little to no effect on the response.
Typical responses that earn 5 points include a reference to the stimulus material
that:
• Reflects an accurate understanding of the source and demonstrates an
understanding of its context (e.g., date, region, topic).
AND
• Presents an essential and authentic reference to the source, which if deleted,
would change or weaken the argument.
Additional Notes
• References to stimulus materials may be included multiple times in the response; only one successful integration of stimulus material is required to earn points.
©
2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 2
Understand
and Analyze
Context
(0 or 5 points)
0 points
The response either provides no context.
OR
The response makes simplistic references to or general statements about the
context of the research question.
5 points
The response explains the significance or importance of the research question
by situating it within a larger context.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0 points:
• Provide unsubstantiated assertions without explanations (e.g., “this is
important”).
• May provide contextual details, but they are tangential to the research
question and/or argument
• Provide overly broad, generalized statements about context.
• Provide context for only part of the question or argument.
Typical responses that earn 5 points:
• Provide specific and relevant details (i.e., what, who, when, where) for all
elements of the research question and/or argument.
AND
• Convey a sense of urgency or establish the importance of the research
question and/or argument.
Additional Notes
• Context is usually found in the first few paragraphs.
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 3
Understand
and Analyze
Perspective
(0, 6, or 9
points)
0 points
The response provides only a single
perspective.
OR
The response identifies and offers opinions or
unsubstantiated statements about different
perspectives that may be overly simplified.
6 points
The response describes multiple perspectives and
identifies some relevant similarities or differences
between them.
9 points
The response evaluates multiple perspectives (and
synthesizes them) by drawing relevant connections
between them, considering objections, implications, and
limitations.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0 points:
• Provide only one perspective.
• May use a lens or lenses that all work to
convey the same point of view.
• Convey alternative perspectives as
personal opinions or assertions without
evidence.
• Provide perspectives that are isolated
from each other without comparison.
• Provide perspectives that are
oversimplified by treating many voices,
stakeholders, or stances as one.
Typical responses that earn 6 points:
• Make general comparisons between perspectives
describing only basic agreement or disagreement.
• Explain that disagreement/agreement exists, but
they do not explain how by clarifying the points on
which they agree or disagree.
Typical responses that earn 9 points:
• Elaborate on the connections among different
perspectives.
• Use the details from different sources or
perspectives to demonstrate specific agreement or
disagreement among perspectives (i.e., evaluate
comparative strengths and weaknesses of different
perspectives by placing them in dialogue).
Additional Notes
• A lens is a filter through which an issue or topic is considered or examined.
• A perspective is “a point of view conveyed through an argument.” (This means the source’s argument).
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 4
Establish
Argument
(0, 8, or 12
points)
0 points
The response provides only unsubstantiated
opinions or claims.
OR
The response summarizes information (no
argument). The response employs inadequate
reasoning due to minimal connections
between claims and evidence.
8 points
The argument presents a claim with some flaws in
reasoning.
The response is logically organized, but the reasoning
may be faulty or underdeveloped
OR
The response may be well-reasoned but illogical in its
organization. The conclusion may be only partially
related to the research question or thesis.
12 points
The response is a clear and convincing argument.
The response is logically organized and well-reasoned
by connecting claims and evidence, leading to a
plausible, well-aligned conclusion.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0 points:
• Base the argument on opinion(s).
• Seek to explain a topic, rather than take a
position (e.g., report, summary, chronicle,
etc.).
• Provide a contrived solution to a non-
existent problem or completely lack a
conclusion.
Typical responses that earn 8 points:
• Organize the argument well OR link evidence and
claims well in discrete sections, but do not do both.
In other words, the response may fail to explain how
evidence supports a claim—i.e., it lacks commentary-
-OR the overall organization of the response is
difficult to follow, even though it has done an
adequate job of commenting on the evidence.
• Provide evidence that often drives the argument,
rather than contributing to the response’s argument.
• Provide a conclusion/resolution that lacks either
enough detail to assess plausibility or is not fully
aligned with the research question.
Typical responses that earn 12 points:
• Organize information in a way that is often
signposted or explicit.
• Provide commentary that explains fully how
evidence supports claims (i.e., the commentary
will engage with the content of the evidence to
draw conclusions).
• Provide an argument that is driven by student
voice (commentary).
• Integrate alternate views, perhaps by engaging
with counterclaims or using them to demonstrate
a nuanced understanding.
• Provide a solution/conclusion that is fully aligned
with the research question.
• Present enough detail to assess the plausibility of
the conclusion/solution (perhaps with an
assessment of limitations and implications).
Additional Notes
© 2021 C
ollege Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 5
Select and Use
Evidence
(0, 6, or 9
points)
0 points
Any evidence presented in the response is
predominantly irrelevant and/or lacks
credibility.
6 points
The response includes mostly relevant and credible
evidence.
9 points
The response includes relevant, credible and sufficient
evidence to support its argument.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0 points:
• Include many sources that are not
credible for the context in which they are
used.
• Include no well-vetted sources (i.e.,
scholarly, peer-reviewed, credentialed
authors, independently verified) beyond
the stimulus materials.
• May include a well-vetted source that is
not used effectively (e.g., trivial selection,
not aligned with claim, misrepresented).
Typical responses that earn 6 points:
• Draw from a variety of sources that are relevant to
the topic and credible for the context in most
cases, but those sources are primarily non-
scholarly.
• Include many sources that are referenced rather
than explained.
• Provide evidence that does not fully support
claims (e.g., there are some gaps and trivial
selections).
• May cite several scholarly works, but select
excerpts that only convey general or simplistic
ideas OR include at least one piece of scholarly
work that is used effectively.
Typical responses that earn 9 points:
• Provide evidence that fully supports claims.
• Effectively connect evidence to the argument, even if
the relevance of the evidence is not initially
apparent.
• Provide purposeful analysis and evaluation of
evidence used (i.e., goes beyond mere citation or
reference).
• Make purposeful use of relevant evidence from a
variety of scholarly work (e.g., peer-reviewed,
credentialed authors, independently verified,
primary sources, etc.).
Additional Notes
• Review the Bibliography or Works Cited.
• Review individual instances of selected evidence throughout (commentary about the evidence).
• General reference guides such as encyclopedias and dictionaries do not fulfill the requirement for a well-vetted source.
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 6
Apply
Conventions
(0, 3, or 5
points)
0 points
The response is missing a bibliography/works
cited OR the response is largely missing in-text
citations/ footnotes.
3 points
The response attributes or cites sources used through
the use of in-text citations or footnotes, but not
always accurately. The bibliography or works cited
references sources using a generally consistent style
with some errors.
5 points
The response attributes, accurately cites and integrates
the sources used through the use of in-text citations or
footnotes. The bibliography or works cited accurately
references sources using a consistent style.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0 points:
• Include internal citations, but no
bibliography (or vice versa).
• Provide little or no evidence of successful
linking of in-text citations to bibliographic
references (e.g., in-text references are to
titles but bibliographic references are
listed by author; titles are different in the
text and in the works cited).
Typical responses that earn 3 points:
• Provide some uniformity in citation style.
• Include unclear references or errors in citations,
(e.g., citations with missing elements or essential
elements that must be guessed from a url).
• Provide some successful linking of citations to
bibliographic references.
• Provide some successful attributive phrasing
and/or in-text parenthetical citations.
Typical responses that earn 5 points:
• Contain few flaws.
• Provide consistent evidence of linking internal
citations to bibliographic references.
• Include consistent and clear attributive phrasing
and/or in-text parenthetical citations.
Note: The response cannot score 5 points if key
components of citations (i.e., author/organization, title,
publication, date) are consistently missing.
Additional Notes
• In AP Seminar, there is no requirement for using a particular style sheet; however, responses must use a style that is consistent and complete.
• Check the bibliography for consistency in style and inclusion of fundamental elements.
• Check for clarity of in-text citations.
• Check to make sure all in-text citations match the bibliography (without extensive search).
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 7
Apply
Conventions
(0, 2, or 3
points)
0 points
The response has many grammatical flaws, is
difficult to understand, or is written in a style
inappropriate for an academic audience.
2 points
The response is mostly clear but may contain some
flaws in grammar or a few instances of a style
inappropriate for an academic audience.
3 points
The response creates variety, emphasis, and
interest to the reader through the use of
effective sentences and precision of word
choice. The written style is consistently
appropriate for an academic audience, although
the response may have a few errors in grammar
and style.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0 points:
• Contain multiple grammatical errors that
make reading difficult.
• Use an overall style that is colloquial or in
other ways not appropriate for an academic
paper.
Typical responses that earn 2 points:
• Contain some instances of errors that
occasionally make reading difficult.
• Lapse into colloquial language.
• Demonstrate imprecise word choice.
Typical responses that earn 3 points:
• Contain few flaws.
• Use clear prose that maintains an academic or
scholarly tone.
• Use words and syntax to enhance communication
of complex ideas throughout.
Additional Notes
• Readers should focus on the sentences written by the student, not those quoted or derived from sources.
©
2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Individual Multimedia Presentation (IMP) and Oral Defense (OD) 48 points
General Scoring Notes
• Do not repeatedly rewind or re-listen to recorded presentations.
• There is a time limit. Only the first 8 minutes of any presentation are scored (excluding the oral defense).
• The defense is scored only after the presentation proper is scored. The defense does not impact the scores in the presentation.
Additional Scores
In addition to the scores represented on the rubrics, readers can also assign scores of 0 (zero) and NR (No Response).
A score of 0 is assigned to a single row of the rubric when the response displays a below-minimum level of quality as identified in that row of the rubric.
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 1
Understand
and Analyze
Context
(0, 2, 4 or 6
points)
0 points
Does not meet the criteria for
two points.
2 points
The presentation identifies a problem
or issue but places the research
question in a very limited context and
offers little or no explanation of how it
is connected to the stimulus materials.
4 points
The presentation makes general
statements about the context of the
research question, including how it is
connected to the stimulus materials.
6 points
The presentation clearly explains the
relevance of the research question
(situates the perspective within a larger
context) AND how it is connected to the
stimulus materials.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0
points:
Typical responses that earn 2 points:
• Offer almost nothing in the way of
rationale for the question.
• Provide a perfunctory, tenuous or
non-existent connection to
stimulus materials.
Typical responses that earn 4 points:
• Offer statements about context that
are general.
• Provide some kind of description of
context for the research question
which may not be entirely convincing; it
may be simplistic, or overgeneralized.
OR
• Generally/broadly link to stimulus
material.
Typical responses that earn 6 points:
• Make the relevance of the question
clear and explain it within a specific
context (you understand why it
matters).
AND
• Tightly link to stimulus material.
Additional Notes
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 2
Establish
Argument
(0, 2, 4 or 6
points)
0 points
Does not meet the criteria for two
points.
2 points
The presentation summarizes
information instead of offering an
argument.
4 points
The presentation connects evidence and
claims. The argument is mostly clear and
organized, but at times the reasoning
may be faulty OR the reasoning may be
logical but not well organized.
6 points
The presentation is logically organized,
well-reasoned, and complex. It
persuasively connects the evidence to
claims to clearly and convincingly establish
an argument.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0
points:
Typical responses that earn 2 points:
• Predominantly summarize
information instead of offering
an argument (evidence is not
connected to claims).
• Present an argument that is very
weak (mostly unsubstantiated
claims).
• Present an argument that is hard
to discern because it’s not really
a debatable issue.
Typical responses that earn 4 points:
• Present a discernable argument but
may be unclear in places, contain
faulty reasoning or contain a lot of
extraneous detail.
• Include links between claims and
evidence that lack explanation.
• May be oversimplified in places (lack
complexity) or detail needed to
make the argument may be missing
.
Typical responses that earn 6 points:
• Make a convincing argument that is
logically organized and fully explains
how evidence supports the claims.
• Provide sufficient detail to make the
argument and address the complexity
of the issue.
Additional Notes
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 3
Select and Use
Evidence
(0, 2, 4 or 6
points)
0 points
Does not meet the criteria for two
points.
2 points
The presentation incorporates
evidence from a minimal range of
perspectives OR information is
provided but not used as evidence to
support the argument.
4 points
The presentation incorporates evidence
from various perspectives to develop
and support the argument.
6 points
The presentation incorporates and
synthesizes relevant evidence from
various perspectives to develop and
support the argument.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0
points:
• Provide no evidence.
Typical responses that earn 2 points:
• Provide some evidence but it is
not used to support the
argument (it is not relevant or
credible, or is just summarized).
• Contain multiple
examples/pieces of evidence
from one single perspective.
Typical responses that earn 4 points:
• Present evidence, but it is not
consistently relevant (or credible).
• Incorporate various perspectives but
they are not connected or linked;
connections between pieces of
evidence are not clearly articulated.
Typical responses that earn 6 points:
• Draw relevant (and credible)
evidence together from different
perspectives (put them in
conversation with each other) to
develop and support the argument.
Additional Notes
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 4
Establish
Argument
(0, 2, 4, or 6
points)
0 points
Does not meet the criteria for two
points.
2 points
The presentation offers information
without offering specific resolutions,
conclusions, and/or solutions OR
they are unsubstantiated or
oversimplified.
4 points
The presentation offers specific
resolutions, conclusions, and/or
solutions that at least partially address
the research question.
6 points
The presentation offers detailed,
plausible resolutions, conclusions and/or
solutions, and considers the limitations
and implications of any suggested
solutions.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0
points:
Typical responses that earn 2 points:
• Provide no resolution, conclusion
or solution.
• Provide a resolution, conclusion
or solution that is oversimplified
or unsubstantiated (or a
contrived solution to a non-
existent problem.).
Typical responses that earn 4 points:
• Offer specific resolution(s),
conclusion(s) or solution(s) but lack
the detail to demonstrate plausibility
or are not entirely realistic.
• Only partially address the research
question.
Typical responses that earn 6 points:
• Provide resolution(s), conclusion(s)
or solution(s) that are realistic and
consider limitations and implications.
• Provide resolution(s), conclusion(s)
or solution(s) that fully align with the
research question.
Additional Notes
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 5
Engage
Audience
(Design)
(0, 2, 4, or 6
points)
0 points
Does not meet the criteria for one
point.
2 points
The presentation’s design does little
to effectively convey the
information. There is little evidence
of purposeful selection or emphasis
of information to suit audience,
situation, medium, or purpose (e.g.
too much of the essay is included on
slides, too much for given time limit).
4 points
The presentation’s design aligns with the
information and selects and emphasizes
key information.
6 points
The presentation’s design aligns well with
and effectively contextualizes the
information. The presentation, including
its selection and emphasis of information,
is designed for audience, situation,
medium, and/or purpose.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0
points:
Typical responses that earn 2 points:
• Provide visuals but almost none
do work to guide the audience
through the argument (e.g. most
headings are topical rather than
signposting argument).
• Include many visuals that are
unreadable or full of errors.
• Include many visuals that serve
no argumentative purpose (are
random, misaligned to speaking,
or irrelevant).
• Include many visuals that have
distracting pointless elements,
confusing formatting, or
disconnected elements.
• Provide visuals that are just a list
of keywords (no selection or use
of design elements). The visuals
may be predominantly speaker
notes rather than audience aids.
Typical responses that earn 4 points:
• Provide visuals that guide the
audience through the argument but
may be at times illogical, confusing,
or otherwise ineffective (headings
signal an argument but visuals do
little more than outline).
• May include visuals that contain
some noticeable, significant errors.
• Include several visuals that display
information overload or a poor
selection of supporting words and
images (decorative but not
argumentatively purposeful, or
unreadable in the time frame they
are shown).
• Demonstrate inconsistent visual and
design cohesion across the
presentation (e.g., hierarchy of
information, cohesion of imagery,
metaphor, parallel structure).
Typical responses that earn 6 points:
• Provide visuals that overall serve a
clear purpose in organizing or
advancing the argument (such as
signposting, emphasis).
• Include well-chosen words and images
throughout to highlight key points or
information.
• Present visuals that contain little
clutter or visual “noise”; they enhance
rather than compete with the
speaker’s message, there are no
extraneous images or “data dumps”.
• Create cohesion through consistency
of design across the presentation.
• Demonstrate effective use of design
elements like charts and pictures (they
add value), selection and emphasis of
information help the audience
understand the argument.
Additional Notes
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 6
Engage
Audience
(Performance)
(0, 2, 4, or 6
points)
0 points
Does not meet the criteria for one
point.
2 points
The selection and execution of
delivery or performance techniques
(e.g., eye contact, vocal variety,
movement, energy) severely limit the
presentation’s impact.
4 points
The selection of delivery or performance
techniques (e.g., eye contact, vocal
variety, movement, energy) OR
execution of those techniques, supports
communication of the argument.
6 points
A careful selection of delivery or
performance techniques (e.g., eye
contact, vocal variety, movement, energy),
coupled with a dynamic execution of
those techniques, strongly supports the
communication of the argument.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0
points:
Typical responses that earn 2 points
The presenter:
• Speaks in monotone, reads
without expression; contains
frequent stumbles; losing place;
frequent “um” “ah” or “like”; or
includes inappropriate ad-libbing.
• Spends most of the time looking
down, at notecards, or at slides.
• Makes no gestures for emphasis;
include fidgeting; defensive
posture.
Typical responses that earn 4 points
The presenter:
• Uses a voice that has some variety,
with basic delivery of information,
not much to add interest; could be
memorized so feels like recitation;
few stumbles.
• Makes eye contact some of the time;
sometimes lapses into reading slides
or looking at notecards.
• Generally adopts an open posture, a
bit stiff at times; gestures used but
not always effectively.
Typical responses that earn 6 points
The presenter:
• Uses a voice that is varied to provide
emphasis and interest; conveys own
interest in the topic, lively, engaging.
• Makes eye contact throughout – like
talking to an actual person.
• Adopts an open, relaxed posture; uses
gestures for emphasis, refers to
visuals.
Additional Notes
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Oral Defense (OD)
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 1
Reflect
(0, 2, 4, or 6
points)
0 points
Does not meet the criteria for
one point.
2 points
The oral defense addresses the
question in a way that is simplistic or
unsubstantiated OR describes a process
that does not answer the question.
4 points
The oral defense responds to the
question asked and provides some
evidence that may be general rather
than specific about the research process.
6 points
The oral defense articulates a detailed
response to the question posed supported
by relevant and specific evidence.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0
points:
Typical responses that earn 2 points
• Don’t answer the question.
• Are so general as could be about
any project/essay.
• Are nonsensical.
• Are unrelated to the research or
makes no sense in relation to the
argument presented.
• Are an exact restatement of what
was said in the presentation
(nothing is added).
Typical responses that earn 4 points:
• Provide some evidence relating to
the particular project/research but
lack specific examples.
• Provide the required information but
without the why, how or rationale
(the convincing details).
Typical responses that earn 6 points:
• Provide relevant and specific details in
the context of the question (provide
the why, or how, or rationale with
specific instances).
Additional Notes
© 2021 College Board
AP® Seminar 2021 Scoring Guidelines
Reporting
Category
Scoring Criteria
Row 2
Establish
Argument
(0, 2, 4, or 6
points)
0 points
Does not meet the criteria for
one point.
2 points
The oral defense addresses the
question in a way that is simplistic or
unsubstantiated OR describes a process
that does not answer the question.
4 points
The oral defense responds to the
question asked and provides some
evidence that may be general rather
than specific about the research process.
6 points
The oral defense articulates a detailed
response to the question posed supported
by relevant and specific evidence.
Decision Rules and Scoring Notes
Typical responses that earn 0
points:
Typical responses that earn 2 points
• Don’t answer the question.
• Are so general as could be about
any project/essay.
• Are nonsensical.
• Are unrelated to the research or
makes no sense in relation to the
argument presented.
• Are an exact restatement of what
was said in the presentation
(nothing is added).
Typical responses that earn 4 points:
• Provide some evidence relating to
the particular project/research but
lack specific examples.
• Provide the required information but
without the why, how or rationale
(the convincing details).
Typical responses that earn 6 points:
• Provide relevant and specific details in
the context of the question (provide
the why, or how, or rationale with
specific instances).
Additional Notes
© 2021 College Board
