ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE

The City of New York

Mayor Bill de Blasio

Anthony Shorris

First Deputy Mayor

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY

WITH THE

PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

1.5°C

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY

WITH THE

PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

1.5°C

MESSAGE FROM

THE MAYOR

Friends,

In New York City, we have known for some time that we

have to address the existential crisis of climate change.

Superstorm Sandy showed us the terrible cost of our

warming planet. We had hoped we could depend on the

federal government for leadership. Now we know we

cannot. President Trump’s decision to pull the United

States out of the Paris Climate Agreement has set us on a

dangerous path of denial.

The City of New York was already taking action to reduce

emissions 80 percent by 2050. Now, we have to take

matters into our own hands and go further. That is why

on June 2, 2017, I signed Executive Order 26 committing

New York City to the principles of the Paris Agreement,

which seeks to limit global temperature rise to l.5 degrees

Celsius.

I have directed all agencies of City government to develop

their own plans to accelerate our 80 x 50 eﬀorts and bring

us in line with the Paris Agreement. This plan is the ﬁrst

of its kind and lays out the pace, scale, and impact of

the work we must do by 2020 to achieve this goal. It also

commits us to work with other cities to develop a protocol

to reduce our carbon footprint to zero.

When our national government falls down, local

governments have to step up. I am proud that New York

City will play its part and that we are joining in common

cause with hundreds of local governments around this

nation and the world. Together, we will show that the

people will solve this problem at the grassroots.

Mayor Bill de Blasio

September 2017

1.5°C: Aligning New York City with the Paris Climate Agreement

is published pursuant to Executive Order 26 of 2017.

This document was produced by the New York City Mayor’s Oce of Sustainability.

2 |

Contents

INTRODUCTION 5

NYC’S 2020 CLIMATE ACTIONS 8

REDUCED AND MORE EFFICIENT CONSUMPTION

TRANSITION TO CLEAN ENERGY

CLIMATE CHANGE LEADERSHIP

2020 CLIMATE ACTIONS DASHBOARD

GHG IMPACT OF 2020 CLIMATE ACTIONS 26

IMPLEMENTING 2020 CLIMATE ACTIONS 28

WE CAN’T DO IT ON OUR OWN 30

CONCLUSION 31

APPENDIX I: AGENCY HIGHLIGHTS 32

APPENDIX II: EXECUTIVE ORDER 26 41

APPENDIX III: 2016 GHG INVENTORY 42

APPENDIX IV: METHODOLOGY 58

ACRONYMS 62

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 63

ENDNOTES 63

MESSAGE FROM C40 CITIES

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

In December 2016, C40 and Arup published

Deadline

2020: How Cities Will Get the Job Done

, which

quantiﬁed the contribution that mayors can make

to deliver the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement.

Our conclusion was that it is still possible to prevent

runaway climate change — limiting temperature rise

to no more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above the pre-

industrial average — but to do so global city emissions

have to peak by 2020, then decline to an average of

three metric tons CO

e per capita by 2030, and hit zero

by 2050.

Achieving those targets is now C40’s number one

goal, not least because we also calculated that if every

city with a population over 100,000 followed the 91

C40 cities’ example, it would deliver 40 percent of the

emissions reductions needed to achieve the global Paris

Agreement goal. C40’s mayoral Steering Committee

subsequently agreed that to remain a C40 member,

each city must have published a plan and deliver

against those

Deadline 2020

targets by the end of 2020

—turning the aspirations of the Paris Agreement into

urban action.

I congratulate Mayor de Blasio and his team on

reaching that goal.

1.5°C: Aligning New York City

with the Paris Climate Agreement

is a world-leading

example of evidence-based, integrated and ambitious

climate action planning and has been reviewed as

compatible with C40’s emerging Deadline 2020

Climate Action Planning Framework.

Cities all around the world will be inspired by New York

City’s example and C40 looks forward to encouraging

them to learn from it, as well as to share back with New

York great ideas from other cities that are every day

being shared and copied within our network.

Mark Watts

September 2017

1.5 °

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ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

Why 1.5°?

The Paris Climate Agreement (Paris Agreement), signed by nearly every country, commits

signatories to limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius (3.6°F) and to aspire

to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7°F). New York City’s Executive Order 26,

signed by Mayor de Blasio on June 2, 2017, commits the City to develop a pathway to achieve the

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions necessary to align with the principles of the Paris

Agreement and a 1.5 degree Celsius outcome.

The difference between current global warming trends and a 1.5 degree Celsius outcome may

seem inconsequential, but the difference in impacts would be dramatic. If the world collectively

limits warming to 1.5 degrees, we will see reduced impacts from climate change relative to the

risks we face in a warmer world.

For example, current climate projections from the NYC Panel on Climate Change show that:

• NYC faces increased sea level rise, flooding, precipitation, and a greater frequency of more

intense storms from climate change. This will result in heightened risks for residents, buildings,

and public infrastructure. By the 2050s, high-end projections show sea levels may rise by up

to 30 inches, and average annual precipitation may increase as much as 13 percent.

• If climate change goes unabated, NYC can expect increased average temperatures and

frequency of heat-waves that would change the livability of the city and put vulnerable

populations further at risk. On the high-end for the 2050s, average temperatures are

projected to rise by up to 6.6°F (3.7°C) in the NYC metropolitan region, and the area could see

as many as seven heat waves per year.

Aligning with a 1.5 degree Celsius outcome is about preventing the worst projected climate

impacts, both locally and globally. The actions necessary to ensure a 1.5 degree Celsius outcome

will mean a future where New Yorkers can breathe cleaner air, live in more comfotable homes,

enjoy access to safe and diverse modes of sustainable transportation, and reside in a city resilient

to severe weather effects. This is the NYC we are building today.

On June 1, 2017, President Trump announced his intention

to withdraw the United States from the Paris Climate

Agreement (Paris Agreement), abdicating American

leadership on climate change, one of the most signiﬁcant

challenges facing humanity. The next day, Mayor de Blasio

signed Executive Order 26, committing the most populous

city in the United States to the principles of the Paris

Agreement and to developing a pathway to advance the

Paris Agreement goal of limiting global temperature rise

to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Hundreds of other U.S. cities and

institutions followed suit by reiterating their commitment

to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions — sending

a profound signal to the world that the majority of

Americans will not retreat from this existential ﬁght.

The success of the Paris Agreement hinges — now more

than ever — on the involvement of cities like New York

to put their resources, innovation, and leadership into

play. To prevent the worst impacts of climate change,

cities across the planet must dramatically reduce their

GHG emissions to limit the increase in the global average

temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-

industrial levels, and reach even further to support the

collective eﬀort to limit temperature rise to less than 1.5

degrees Celsius.

In 2014, the City of New York (the City) committed to

reducing its GHG emissions 80 percent by 2050, compared

to 2005 levels (80 x 50). The City’s 2016 report,

New York

City’s Roadmap to 80 x 50

, used the best available science

and state-of the-art analysis to identify strategies in the

buildings, energy, waste, and transportation sectors that

would achieve 80 x 50 based on current technology.

NYC’s progress toward 80 x 50 continues: our air is

cleaner, our energy is greener, and we are sending less

waste to landﬁlls. Meeting the global carbon budget to

keep global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius requires

that the City implement a priority subset of its 80 x 50

strategies by 2020 in order to accelerate GHG reductions.

This plan clearly lays out the pace, scale, and impact of

actions across the built environment that are necessary to

bring NYC’s actions in line with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5

degree Celsius outcome — and commits the City to lead in

the development of a global protocol for carbon neutrality.

Equity and climate change are inexorably linked.

While climate change aﬀects everyone, its impacts are

not equally shared. Simply put, the poorest and most

vulnerable are the hardest hit. Therefore, the work to

reduce GHG emissions must address economic and social

inequities. This plan assesses near-term actions for their

impacts and beneﬁts, such as improved local air quality,

preservation of housing aﬀordability, and increased access

to transportation and resources. The City will continue

to incorporate equity in its climate policies and programs

to achieve more environmentally and economically just

outcomes for all New Yorkers.

Achieving the City’s climate objectives is no easy task

and will require active participation by New Yorkers to

transform the buildings we live in, the places we work, the

ways we travel, and the goods we consume. The City must

prioritize resources, policies, and programs that facilitate

this transition.

NYC and the world, must recognize the urgency of this

challenge and take bold action to protect the human rights

imperatives of the Paris Agreement. This is the only way

forward.

Introduction

Growth Equity ResiliencySustainability

ONENYC PRINCIPLES THAT INFORM GOALS AND INITIATIVES

1.5 °

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ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

How NYC Will Help Achieve a 1.5° World

1.5°: Global Goal, Local Action

NEAR-TERM

LONG-TERM

NYC COMMITS TO 80 x 50

The mayor commits NYC to achieve 80 percent GHG

emissions reductions by 2050 (80 x 50), a target informed

by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change. Local Law 66 of 2014 codiﬁes the commitment.

The timing for reducing GHG emissions

matters. Emissions remain in the

atmosphere for generations, and what

we emit each year adds to existing

concentrations of GHGs. To keep global

temperatures from rising above 1.5 degrees

Celsius, all cities must frontload GHG

emissions reductions. That means doing

more, sooner. If we wait to dramatically

reduce our emissions, we will have lost the

opportunity to limit global temperature rise.

This plan presents the actions the City must

take by 2020.

By 2050, the City must deliver on its

commitment to directly reduce GHG

emissions 80 percent below 2005 levels. To

achieve a 1.5 degree Celsius outcome, NYC,

along with cities around the world, must

also reach carbon neutrality, meaning zero

net emissions citywide. The City will lead

in the development of a global protocol for

carbon neutrality, that may include large scale

renewables, as well as carbon sequestration

and carbon oﬀsets to account for residual

GHG emissions after all technically feasible

reductions are achieved.

NYC RELEASES NEW YORK

CITY’S ROADMAP TO 80 X 50

The

Roadmap to 80 x 50

draws on best-in-class analysis

and extensive stakeholder engagement to understand how

to achieve 80 x 50 across NYC’s buildings, energy supply,

transportation, and waste sectors with existing technology.

GLOBAL PARIS CLIMATE

AGREEMENT ENTERS INTO FORCE

The Paris Agreement marks an historic occasion in which

196 countries

agreed to work together to hold the increase

in global average temperature to well below 2 degrees

Celsius (3.6

F) above pre-industrial levels and to pursue

eﬀorts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees

Celsius (2.7

F).

201420162017

NYC COMMITS TO THE

PRINCIPLES OF THE PARIS

CLIMATE AGREEMENT

Executive Order 26 commits NYC to the principles of

the Paris Agreement, including climate actions that are

consistent with or greater than 80 x 50, and to align with

the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global temperature

increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

NYC RELEASES 1.5°C: ALIGNING

NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS

CLIMATE AGREEMENT

This plan assesses the pace and timing with which NYC

must reduce GHG emissions and draws on previous analysis

to identify actions the City must take by 2020 in order to

align the City’s 80 x 50 strategies with the Paris Agreement

and a 1.5 degree Celsius outcome. NYC is the ﬁrst city to

release a 1.5 degree Celsius, Paris Agreement-compatible

climate action plan.

2020 CLIMATE ACTIONS 80 x 50 AND CARBON NEUTRALITY

OneNYC establishes the plan for a strong and just NYC

and establishes visions that inform all City goals and

initiatives: growth, equity, sustainability, and resiliency.

NYC RELEASES ONE NEW YORK:

THE PLAN FOR A STRONG AND

JUST CITY ONENYC

2015

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

(MtCO

2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2040 2050

CARBON NEUTRALITY

Develop strategies to address

remaining emissions

80 x 50 TARGET

NESS

1.5 °

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ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

NYC’s 2020 Climate Actions

Key Actions to Reduce Consumption and

Increase Efficiency

1.5°C: Aligning New York City with the Paris Climate

Agreement

commits the City to speciﬁc actions that

accelerate near-term GHG reductions and enable deeper

reductions over the next 30 years. This plan is not a

menu from which we can pick and choose; the City

must implement each action by 2020 and continue to

take bold action thereafter to ensure that we meet our

climate goals.

Actions are organized using the same sectors identiﬁed

in the

Roadmap to 80 x 50

— buildings, energy,

transportation, and waste — and by their ability to

enable reduced and ecient consumption, the transition

to clean energy, and climate change leadership.

New York City must limit energy demand in buildings and vehicles to reduce emissions

and make a renewables-based grid more affordable and attainable. Limiting waste will

further reduce emissions.

TOTAL GHG REDUCTION

POTENTIAL OF ALL

MEASURABLE 2020 CLIMATE

ACTIONS: 10 MILLION METRIC

TONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE

EQUIVALENT (CO

e) BY 2030

KEY FINDINGS

In NYC, fossil fuels burned in buildings for heat and hot water are the biggest source of GHG emissions, accounting for 39

percent of the citywide total. The burning of these fuels also contributes to air pollution that causes asthma, bronchitis,

and premature death, particularly among children and seniors. Reducing on-site fossil fuel use and requiring today’s

worst performing buildings to operate eciently is a prerequisite to achieving the City’s climate goals.

The City will pursue legislation to require that all large buildings limit fossil fuel use below intensity targets by 2030

and 2035. This is the single largest action the City will implement to reduce GHG emissions and will aﬀect over half the

built ﬂoor area in NYC. This action will also require setting energy intensity requirements that take into consideration

impacts on utilities, speciﬁc tenant uses, and economic activity.

Beneﬁts include avoiding 40 premature deaths and 100 emergency room visits annually through air quality

improvements and creating 17,000 construction-related jobs by 2030.

City operations account for 5 percent of citywide GHG emissions. In 2015, the City committed $2.7 billion to retroﬁt City-

owned buildings. The City must accelerate the pace of deep energy retroﬁts throughout its portfolio to achieve citywide

climate goals and lead by example.

This year, the City will launch a new program to prioritize buildings across agencies in which to implement a range of

energy conservation measures at scale. The City will also commit agencies to achieve an additional 20 percent energy

reduction across their portfolios by 2025.

Beneﬁts include reducing operating expenses for the City, improving air quality and health, and demonstrating leadership

to inﬂuence market transformation.

NEAR-TERM ACTIONS WILL

RESULT IN DRAMATIC BENEFITS

INCLUDING ECONOMIC

INNOVATION, HEALTH AND

WELLBEING, AFFORDABILITY,

AND QUALITY JOBS FOR NEW

YORKERS

BY 2030, ACTIONS FROM THE

BUILDINGS SECTOR WILL

REMOVE APPROXIMATELY

500,000 POUNDS OF FINE

PARTICULATE MATTER (PM

2.5

)

EMISSIONS EVERY YEAR,

IMPROVING AIR QUALITY AND

AVOIDING 40 PREMATURE

DEATHS AND 100 EMERGENCY

ROOM AND HOSPITAL VISITS

ANNUALLY

BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE MANDATES

Major GHG Reduction Potential

DEEP ENERGY RETROFITS IN CITYOWNED BUILDINGS

Moderate GHG Reduction Potential

All Buildings Energy Transportation Waste

The following section highlights key actions alongside

a dashboard that presents all of the City’s near-term

commitments to accelerate GHG reductions by 2020.

The dashboard includes a description of each action,

the City agency that will lead its implementation, the

projected GHG emissions reductions, the necessary

associated investments, and an assessment of the beneﬁts

that extend beyond GHG reductions. These beneﬁts

are rooted in

OneNYC’s

goals for building an equitable,

sustainable, and resilient city to address issues of income

inequality, housing aﬀordability, access to public transit,

aging infrastructure, and other major urban challenges.

PROPERTY ASSESSED CLEAN ENERGY FINANCING PACE

Clean energy and energy eciency building upgrades require upfront capital to unlock energy savings and reduce

GHG emissions. Traditional ﬁnancing terms often do not match the longer payback period of clean energy or energy

eciency upgrades, which prevent owners from pursuing projects that could result in long-lasting operational

savings. PACE is a ﬁnancing mechanism that treats clean energy and energy eciency upgrades as a public beneﬁt

— like a new sewer, water line, or road — and allows upgrades to be ﬁnanced through property bills with no money

down. PACE has been used to ﬁnance projects with higher upfront costs and longer payback periods by underwriting

to energy savings.

The City will launch a Commercial Property Assessed Clean Energy (C-PACE) program to ﬁnance clean energy and

energy eciency upgrades at more favorable terms. Paired with a building energy performance mandate, a PACE

program in NYC has the potential to ﬁnance $100 million annually in energy eciency and clean energy projects.

Beneﬁts include providing an aﬀordable pathway for building owners to implement deep energy reductions and

deploy clean energy technologies.

GHG Reduction Effect

Enabling, Accelerating, or Multiplying

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ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

New buildings have a critical role to play in reducing GHG emissions. New and substantially renovated buildings that

require low levels of energy will prevent future GHG emissions, reduce the need for energy eciency retroﬁts, and

provide ancillary beneﬁts that increase market transformation for retroﬁts in existing buildings.

The City will work with the New York City Council to adopt “stretch” versions of the energy code in 2019 and 2022

which could realize a 20 percent and 40 percent energy intensity reduction, respectively, over current construction

standards for new and substantially renovated buildings. Beginning in 2025, all large new buildings would be

required to build to very-low energy design targets. Energy design targets for new construction provide basic

metrics of eciency that a building must meet and do not prescribe methods, giving developers ﬂexibility to reach

targets. This approach can achieve signiﬁcantly greater energy reductions than incremental energy code updates

to speciﬁc measures.

Beneﬁts include bolstering long-term aﬀordability of new buildings through reduced operating costs, further

developing the workforce to provide energy eciency retroﬁts in existing buildings, and creating healthier indoor

and outdoor spaces.

The City is committed to helping building decision-makers pursue energy eciency and clean energy projects. The

NYC Retroﬁt Accelerator and Community Retroﬁt NYC programs currently assist decision-makers of over 4,000

buildings in identifying energy and water saving retroﬁt opportunities and connecting to ﬁnancial and technical

resources. The NYC Carbon Challenge voluntary leadership program is working with more than 100 companies and

organizations that have committed to 30, 40, or 50 percent reductions in GHG emissions.

The City will work to expand these and launch a new program to support the real estate industry to implement low

energy design for new construction and substantial renovations. The City will release a free planning tool for high

performance energy retroﬁt strategies for existing large buildings to achieve deep energy reductions.

Beneﬁts include lowering building energy costs for owners and residents, improving housing quality for tenants,

improving skills of the workforce, and improving air quality for all New Yorkers.

SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION

Roughly 90 percent of NYC’s current transportation GHG emissions come from private vehicle travel. To reduce this

source of emissions, the City has committed to an 80 percent sustainable mode share by 2050, meaning four out of every

ﬁve trips a New Yorker takes will be by foot, bicycle, or public transit.

The City will support improvements to the subway and bus systems, create new miles of protected bike lanes, and expand

bike share to double the number of active cyclists by 2020. The City will further work to limit both personal and commercial

vehicle miles traveled by supporting shared mobility options, expanding smart parking policy that prioritizes access to curb

space, and exploring options for low emission zones that limit access in the city for the worst polluting vehicles.

Beneﬁts include improving air quality and health, increasing access to sustainable, ecient, and active forms of

transportation, reducing commute times, and creating safer streets for pedestrians and bicyclists.

Major GHG Reduction Potential

ORGANICS SEPARATION

When New Yorkers’ waste goes to landﬁlls, it decomposes and sends methane, carbon dioxide, and toxins into the

atmosphere. Diverting organic waste from landﬁlls reduces GHG emissions.

The City will implement citywide organic waste collection. This includes expanding the curbside organic waste

collection program to all New Yorkers, increasing the number of drop oﬀ sites, helping to expand community composting

sites, working with landlords to enable all residents to separate their food waste, and expanding the number of businesses

required to separate organics.

Beneﬁts include improving the health and wellbeing of New Yorkers by reducing the number of rats and vermin with

hard-sided, latched bins for storing organics.

Major GHG Reduction Potential

ADVANCED BUILDING CODES

Major GHG Reduction Potential

NYC BUILDING PROGRAMS

Major GHG Reduction Potential

New York City must transition away from using fossil fuels and toward renewable

energy. This will not only require action by City government, but also action by residents,

businesses, and the State and federal entities that regulate the electric system.

Key Actions to Transition to Clean Energy

100% RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY FOR CITY OPERATIONS

City operations are responsible for 8 percent of NYC’s total GHG emissions from electricity use. To encourage the

transition to a renewables-based electric supply, the City must lead by example by greening its operations.

The City is committed to powering its operations with 100 percent renewable electricity as soon as sucient supply

can be brought online. The City will also explore the feasibility of mechanisms that pool purchasing power of

residents and businesses to procure additional low-cost renewable energy.

Beneﬁts include catalyzing local renewable energy markets, improving health outcomes by reducing the use of fossil

fuel-based in-city generators, strengthening the resiliency of the electricity supply, and expanding access to clean

renewable power.

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ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

Currently, New York State’s transmission system does not enable renewable energy produced in northern and

western portions of the state to ﬂow into NYC. To reduce reliance on old, inecient fossil fuel-based in-city

generators, and to beneﬁt from a more renewables-based grid, the City will need a coordinated expansion of

transmission capacity statewide.

As New York State ramps up to its target of 50 percent renewable energy under the Clean Energy Standard’s 50 x 30

renewable energy target, the City will work toward integrating renewable energy into NYC’s energy supply, continue

to advocate for new transmission to bring upstate renewable power into the city, and continue to work with utilities

to encourage technologies that create a more ﬂexible, distributed grid in order to increase the share of renewable

energy in NYC. The City will also work to increase energy storage, laying the groundwork for a more ﬂexible grid

that can adapt to a greater reliance on intermittent renewable energy.

Beneﬁts include supporting economic and technological innovation, improving air quality and health from reduced

fossil fuel-based energy, and fortifying system resiliency.

RENEWABLESBASED ELECTRIC SUPPLY

ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE

In April 2017, Mayor de Blasio announced a target for 20 percent of all motor vehicle sales for use in NYC to be plug-ins by

2025. Electric vehicles (EVs) represent less than one percent of all NYC vehicle registrations today, largely owing to a lack

of charging opportunities. New Yorkers will need to rely on public-access, centralized, and high-speed charging locations

to support the dramatic transition to EVs that is necessary to reduce transportation GHG emissions.

The City will accelerate the shift to EVs by investing a minimum of $10 million toward the installation of 50 fast charging

hubs across all ﬁve boroughs by 2020 with at least one in each borough by 2018, exploring the role of electric car share,

and procuring zero- and low-emission freight vehicles.

Beneﬁts include improving access to clean transportation options and reducing noise and air pollution from fossil fuel-

based vehicles. EVs can also enhance utilization of electricity assets and keep utility costs manageable over time through

oﬀ-peak charging.

Major GHG Reduction Potential

GHG Reduction Effect

Enabling, Accelerating, or Multiplying

New York City must leverage its influence throughout the five boroughs and beyond

its borders. This demonstration of leadership will advance climate action on the global

stage, and engage New Yorkers in local actions.

Key Actions to Provide Climate Change

Leadership

ENHANCED CLIMATE COMMUNICATIONS

76 percent of New Yorkers are concerned about environmental issues but do not always know what they can do to help

address climate change. All New Yorkers must take actions to achieve the City’s ambitious, but necessary climate goals.

The City will engage New Yorkers in this ﬁght, educating citizens on choices and steps they can take to reduce their

GHG footprint, and sending important market signals to industries and businesses to prioritize low carbon products and

goods. New Yorkers are leaders and together can achieve great things. Communication is a tool to further unlock the

potential of New Yorkers and to accelerate progress toward a better and climate-ready NYC.

The City will develop a climate communication campaign to raise awareness about the City’s current strategies and

programs, engage New Yorkers on solutions, and advocate for important policies and issues.

Beneﬁts include accelerating GHG emissions reductions and catalyzing industries through market signals, and

encouraging residents to demand climate-smart homes, energy, goods, and services.

GLOBAL CITIES PROTOCOL FOR CARBON NEUTRALITY

GHG Reduction Effect

Enabling, Accelerating, or Multiplying

By 2050, all cities must achieve carbon neutrality, or net zero emissions, to avoid the worst impacts of climate change

and to achieve a 1.5 degree Celcius outcome.

The City will develop a global carbon neutrality protocol for cities in partnership with C40 and other leading cities.

This protocol will create a shared deﬁnition of carbon neutrality, deﬁne the role of carbon sequestration and carbon

oﬀsets, and provide guidance on a path to carbon neutrality. This global protocol will enable the City to develop

future strategies to achieve carbon neutrality.

Beneﬁts include increasing the likelihood of realizing a safe, healthy, sustainable future through appropriate

strategies that encourage others to act.

GHG Reduction Effect

Enabling, Accelerating, or Multiplying

GHG Reduction Effect

Enabling, Accelerating, or Multiplying

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ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

CARBON AND OTHER EXTERNALITIES ACCOUNTING

A carbon price captures the external costs of GHG emissions by placing a price on the emission of a ton of CO

e into

the atmosphere. The City will continue to integrate the social cost of carbon to determine cost-eﬀectiveness of energy

investments. Accounting for environmental externalities to the city strengthens the business case for aggressively

reducing GHG emissions and will support the acceleration of GHG reductions.

The City will actively participate in the New York Independent System Operator’s (NYISO) exploration of carbon pricing

in the wholesale energy market and continue to advocate for aggressive federal regulation of GHG emissions. The City

will also continue to advocate for New York State’s eﬀorts to develop a comprehensive valuation of distributed energy

resources to monetize external beneﬁts from clean distributed energy deployment. These external beneﬁts include

avoided GHG emissions and local air pollutants, enhanced resiliency, and clean energy investments in environmental

justice communities. The City will also advocate that State and federal decision-making incorporates impacts to local air

pollution, resiliency, and other aspects of a sustainable future.

Beneﬁts include transforming markets across buildings, energy, and transportation sectors, and improving air quality

and health by reducing fossil fuel combustion.

Potential to create 17,000 new construction-related jobs through 2030

SPOTLIGHT: QUALITY JOBS

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ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

LEGEND

GROWTH RESILIENCYEQUITY SUSTAINABILITY

ACTION LEAD

GHG

REDUCTIONS

CITY

INVESTMENT

NON-CITY

INVESTMENT

QUALITY JOBS

ECONOMY AND

INNOVATION

WORKFORCE

DEVELOPMENT

LONG-TERM

COST SAVINGS

HEALTH AND

WELLBEING

SAFETY

AFFORDABILITY

ACCESS

COMMUNITY

LEAD BY

EXAMPLE

RESILIENCY

RELIABILITY

NATURAL

CAPITAL

REDUCED AND MORE EFFICIENT CONSUMPTION

Implement long-term energy intensity

requirements in existing buildings

MOS

Accelerate deep energy retrofits to achieve a

20% deeper reduction in energy consumption

in City-owned buildings by 2025

DCAS

Continue progress toward New York City

Housing Authority’s (NYCHA) climate

commitments, including 20% reduction of

energy use per square foot by 2025, installing

25 Megawatts (MW) of solar capacity by

2026, and 30% reduction of GHG emissions

by 2027

NYCHA

Advocate for more stringent efficiency

standards for appliances and vehicles at the

regional and national levels

MOS

not

assessed

Advocate for incentives to support deep

energy retrofits focusing on preserving

affordability

MOS

not

assessed

Implement advanced energy codes for new

buildings in 2019, and achieve very low energy

design targets in all new buildings and major

renovations in subsequent code cycles

MOS &

DOB

Growth

Resiliency

Sustainability

Equity

ONE NYC

VISION

Major Potential Benefit

Some Potential Benefit

Moderate Potential Benefit

BENEFIT

POTENTIAL

Buildings

Energy

All Sectors

Transportation

Waste

SECTOR

INVESTMENT

$0 - $10 million

opportunity through 2030

$10 - $100 million

opportunity through 2030

$100 million - $1 billion

opportunity through 2030

> $1 billion

opportunity through 2030

GHG

REDUCTION

Moderate Reduction Potential

Up to 400,000 tCO

e by 2030

Greater than 400,000 tCO

e by 2030

Major Reduction Potential

Enabling, Accelerating, or Multiplying Effect

2020 CLIMATE ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION DASHBOARD

UHF42_PM25_NOx

2.1 - 12.4

12.4 - 22.7

22.7 - 33.0

33.0 - 43.4

Neighborhoods above citywide pm2.5 attributable to asthma rate

Legend

SPOTLIGHT: HEALTH, WELLBEING, AND EQUITY

UHF42_PM25_NOx

2.1 - 12.4

12.4 - 22.7

22.7 - 33.0

33.0 - 43.4

Neighborhoods above citywide pm2.5 attributable to asthma rate

Legend

< 5

5 - 10

10 - 20

> 20

Neighborhoods

Above City-Wide

PM2.5 Attributable

Asthma Rate

The proposed building energy performance mandate would

have a significant impact on improving air quality in some of

the most air-pollution-burdened neighborhoods in the city,

specifically reducing fine particulate matter (PM2.5) which

is known to contribute to asthma and other serious illnesses.

By 2050, assuming energy performance mandates are fully

implemented across large buildings, 100 premature deaths

would be avoided each year.

DECREASE IN PM2.5 EMISSIONS TONS/YEAR

IMPROVING AIR QUALITY BY REDUCING FOSSIL

FUEL USE

Source: Department of Health & Mental Hygiene

2020 Climate Actions

Lead City Agency names listed in full on page 62

REDUCING INJURIES BY EXPANDING THE

BICYCLE NETWORK

Source: The Safe Cycling Report, NYC

Department Of Transportation

SPOTLIGHT: ACCESS AND SAFETY

DOT has identified 10 priority bicycle districts, which have

comparatively high numbers of cyclists killed or severely injured

(KSI) and comparatively low access to the existing bicycle

network. By expanding the bike lane network, the City can

promote cycling and support Vision Zero, the multi-agency effort

to eliminate traffic injuries and fatalities. For example, after DOT

installed the protected bike lane on 9th Avenue in Manhattan,

total injuries to all road users decreased by 53 percent.

Cyclist KSI

Bicycle Network

Coverage

Low Medium High

Priority Cycling

Districts

1.5 °

18 | | 19

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

GROWTH RESILIENCYEQUITY SUSTAINABILITY

ACTION LEAD

GHG

REDUCTIONS

CITY

INVESTMENT

NON-CITY

INVESTMENT

QUALITY JOBS

ECONOMY AND

INNOVATION

WORKFORCE

DEVELOPMENT

LONG-TERM

COST SAVINGS

HEALTH AND

WELLBEING

SAFETY

AFFORDABILITY

ACCESS

COMMUNITY

LEAD BY

EXAMPLE

RESILIENCY

RELIABILITY

NATURAL

CAPITAL

REDUCED AND MORE EFFICIENT

CONSUMPTION

Provide energy use information to more

building owners, managers, staff, tenants,

and residents, including by requiring energy

disclosure at point of sale and energy grades

for large buildings

MOS

Help a broad range of building decision-

makers implement energy efficiency and

clean energy projects, prepare the market for

substantial improvements in the energy code,

and recognize NYC industry leaders

MOS

Create a Property Assessed Clean Energy

(PACE) program for NYC to enable more

energy efficiency and clean energy projects

MOS

Reduce congestion and vehicle miles traveled,

including by supporting improvements to

the subway and bus systems, doubling the

number of active cyclists by 2020 through

the development of new miles of protected

bike lanes and expanded bike share,

supporting shared mobility options, expanding

smart parking policy, and exploring the

implementation of low emission zones

DOT &

MOS

SPOTLIGHT: ECONOMY AND INNOVATION

Two years after the introduction of a bike lane on 9th Avenue

(between 23rd St and 31st St in Manhattan) retailers along the

corridor experienced a 47 percent increase in sales compared

to that of only 27 percent by other retailer corridors in the

neighborhood.

2020 CLIMATE ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION DASHBOARD

1.5 °

20 | | 21

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

Decrease in Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) per Square Mile

-50 to -2 (increase in VMT)

no change

2 - 1 0

11 - 30

31 - 70

71 - 120

121 - 1 90

191 - 290

291 - 1 ,270

GROWTH RESILIENCYEQUITY SUSTAINABILITY

ACTION LEAD

GHG

REDUCTIONS

CITY

INVESTMENT

NON-CITY

INVESTMENT

QUALITY JOBS

ECONOMY AND

INNOVATION

WORKFORCE

DEVELOPMENT

LONG-TERM

COST SAVINGS

HEALTH AND

WELLBEING

SAFETY

AFFORDABILITY

ACCESS

COMMUNITY

LEAD BY

EXAMPLE

RESILIENCY

RELIABILITY

NATURAL

CAPITAL

REDUCED AND

MORE EFFICIENT

CONSUMPTION

Accelerate the diversion of organics from

landfills by launching a food waste reduction

education program, expanding the organics

program to serve all New Yorkers, and

enabling the separation of all food waste

DSNY

Enhance curbside collection in NYC by

implementing a zone-based system for

commercial waste, offering single-stream

recycling, and developing a blueprint for a

Save-as-You-Throw program

DSNY

not

assessed

TRANSITION TO CLEAN ENERGY

Catalyze adoption of high-efficiency electric

heat and hot water systems paired with

appropriate efficiency measures in buildings

through policies and programs

MOS

Conduct a study in partnership with local

electric and gas utilities on a utility transition

plan to achieve 80 x 50, including potential

impacts to electricity demand and the natural

gas system

MOS

not

assessed

Leverage City-owned property and land

to foster innovation in renewable energy

development to mitigate climate change

and enhance resiliency, air quality, and

health outcomes

DCAS &

EDC

Promote the development of community

energy projects, including microgrids

and district systems, to provide social,

environmental, and economic benefits

ORR

not

assessed

Explore approaches to pool purchasing power

of NYC residents and businesses to procure

renewable electricity

MOS &

DCAS

not

assessed

SPOTLIGHT: HEALTH, WELLBEING, AND ACCESS

Organics collection bins are rodent resistant. The expansion

of the organics program will reduce the number of rats and

vermin on streets and in buildings, improving quality of life for

New Yorkers.

Decrease in Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) per Square Mile

-50 to -2 (increase in VMT)

no change

2 - 1 0

11 - 30

31 - 70

71 - 1 20

121 - 1 90

191 - 290

291 - 1 ,270

REDUCING IMPACTS OF TRUCK TRAFFIC

SPOTLIGHT: HEALTH AND WELLBEING

Commercial waste collection zones can reduce associated truck

traffic by up to 68 percent, which will reduce noise pollution and

congestion, and improve air quality.

Source: NYC Department of Sanitation

2020 CLIMATE ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION DASHBOARD

DECENTRALIZING POWER THROUGH SOLAR

AND STORAGE

SPOTLIGHT: RESILIENCY AND RELIABILITY

Distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) can be used to power energy

storage systems. Solar PV and battery storage installations

across the city will bolster resiliency and reliability by providing

back-up power in the event of service outages.

Annual GWh

Solar Potential by Zip

0 - 5

5 - 10

10 - 20

20 - 40

>40

Annual GWh

Solar Potential by Zip

0 - 5

5 - 10

10 - 20

20 - 40

>40

Source: 2016, City University of New York

Solar potential by zip code

Annual Gigawatt hours

1.5 °

22 | | 23

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

GROWTH RESILIENCYEQUITY SUSTAINABILITY

ACTION LEAD

GHG

REDUCTIONS

CITY

INVESTMENT

NON-CITY

INVESTMENT

QUALITY JOBS

ECONOMY AND

INNOVATION

WORKFORCE

DEVELOPMENT

LONG-TERM

COST SAVINGS

HEALTH AND

WELLBEING

SAFETY

AFFORDABILITY

ACCESS

COMMUNITY

LEAD BY

EXAMPLE

RESILIENCY

RELIABILITY

NATURAL

CAPITAL

TRANSITION TO CLEAN ENERGY

Create a more favorable environment for solar

and storage projects

MOS

not

assessed

Advocate for increased generation and

transmission of renewable energy into NYC

MOS

not

assessed

Use the City's purchasing power to ultimately

procure 100% renewable electricity for City

operations

MOS &

DCAS

Advocate for investments that improve

the flexibility of in-city transmission and

distribution systems to reduce GHG emissions

from in-city power plants

MOS

not

assessed

Transition away from direct combustion

of fossil fuels by encouraging accelerated

adoption of cleaner and more efficient

vehicle technologies, including by investing in

new electric vehicle charging infrastructure

throughout the city

DOT,

EDC &

MOS

Achieve a 50% reduction in fossil fuel

consumption in the City's vehicle fleet by 2025

by continuing to upgrade and replace with

clean fuel vehicles

DCAS

Expand capacity for material and renewable

energy recovery at water supply and

wastewater treatment facilities, including by

optimizing biogas production for beneficial

use, expanding food waste co-digestion

opportunities, and moving toward net-zero

energy at all in-city wastewater treatment

plants while reducing fugitive emissions and

landfilling of biosolids

DEP

not

assessed

2020 CLIMATE ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION DASHBOARD

The Department of Small Business Services (SBS) is providing

local job seekers with training and work experience, delivering

on the mayor’s promise to train 3,000 workers with new skills

needed for the emerging green economy. Through SBS’ NYC

CoolRoofs initiative, these workers have gained skills to mitigate

the urban heat island effect.

MITIGATING HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

NYC Cool Roofs Buildings

Heat Vulnerability Index

1 - Lowest

5 - Highest

n/a

SPOTLIGHT: WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT, RESILIENCY

AND NATURAL CAPITAL

NYC Cool Roofs Buildings

Heat Vulnerability Index

1 - Lowest

5 - Highest

n/a

The Heat Vulnerability Index (HVI) is a

measure of how at risk a neighborhood

is during extreme heat compared to

other neighborhoods.

1.5 °

24 | | 25

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

GROWTH RESILIENCYEQUITY SUSTAINABILITY

ACTION LEAD

GHG

REDUCTIONS

CITY

INVESTMENT

NON-CITY

INVESTMENT

QUALITY JOBS

ECONOMY AND

INNOVATION

WORKFORCE

DEVELOPMENT

LONG-TERM

COST SAVINGS

HEALTH AND

WELLBEING

SAFETY

AFFORDABILITY

ACCESS

COMMUNITY

LEAD BY

EXAMPLE

RESILIENCY

RELIABILITY

NATURAL

CAPITAL

CLIMATE CHANGE LEADERSHIP

Further climate change communications to

reach and engage more New Yorkers

MOS

Lead in the development of a global protocol

for cities to attain carbon neutrality by

2050 in collaboration with other vanguard

cities and partners

MOS

not

assessed

Assess consumption-based GHG accounting

methods to complement the current

greenhouse gas inventory methodology

MOS

Partner with manufacturers and industry

stakeholders to ensure availability and

competitive pricing of high-efficiency

construction materials, renewable energy

technologies, and energy efficiency

technologies

MOS &

EDC

not

assessed

Collaborate with City agencies, universities,

unions, and trade organizations to ensure

that the NYC workforce is prepared to

deliver on climate objectives

MOS, SBS

& DCAS

Actively participate in the New York

Independent System Operator's (NYISO)

exploration of carbon pricing in electricity

markets and continue to advocate for

aggressive federal regulation of carbon

MOS

not

assessed

Incorporate additional GHG emissions

reduction efforts into neighborhood-level

planning or large-scale developments

where suitable opportunities exist

DCP

not

assessed

NYC is the first city to release a Paris Agreement-compatible

climate action plan. Additionally, the City is working with C40

Cities around the world to develop a global protocol for cities to

achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. C40 partner cities include:

Boston, Durban, London, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Mexico City,

and Paris.

SPOTLIGHT: LEADING BY EXAMPLE

Source: CoolRoofs - 2014, Department of

Buildings; Heat Vulnerability Index - 2010, NYC

Department of Health & Mental Hygiene

2020 CLIMATE ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION DASHBOARD

GHG Impact of 2020 Climate Actions

CARBON NEUTRALITY

80 x 50 TARGET

2005

2017 2030 2050

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

(MtCO

Actions NYC must take by 2020 have prolonged impacts to 2030 and beyond.

1.5 °

26 | | 27

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

ACCELERATED PATH TO 80X50

Reaching the City’s long-term climate objectives will

require persistent eﬀort and constant reevaluation of

progress and strategies.

CARBON NEUTRALITY

The development of a global cities protocol for carbon

neutrality will inform how NYC can reach carbon neutrality

through oﬀsetting remaining emissions after all technically

feasible in-city emission reductions are achieved.

This plan includes 16 near-term actions with associated

GHG reductions that can be measured. These actions

will result in an estimated 10 million metric tons of

e reductions by 2030. Examples include:

• Building energy performance mandates

• Advanced building codes

• 100% renewable electricity in City operations

• Electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure

• Sustainable transportation

• Organics separation

NECESSARY NEARTERM ACTIONS

WITH MEASURABLE GHG IMPACT

With the measurable near-term actions alone, NYC

will not achieve the GHG reductions necessary to be on

an accelerated 80 x 50 trajectory that aligns with a 1.5

degree outcome. The remaining 15 near-term actions

will enable, accelerate, or multiply GHG reductions

to push NYC closer to the accelerated trajectory.

Examples include:

• Carbon pricing

• Enhanced climate change communications

• Workforce able to deliver climate objectives

• PACE ﬁnancing program

• Improved vehicle and eciency standards

• Competitively priced materials and technologies

NECESSARY NEARTERM ACTIONS

THAT ENABLE, ACCELERATE, OR

MULTIPLY GHG REDUCTIONS

28 | | 29

nyc.gov/onenyc nyc.gov/onenyc

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

1.5 ° 1.5 °

INTEGRATING RESILIENCY AND

ADAPTATION

While actions and targets are critical to ensuring

the City accelerates GHG emissions reductions, it

is equally critical that the City implements actions

in an equitable, collaborative, and integrated

manner. NYC will contribute to improved security

and quality of life for all generations by taking the

lead with other cities to ensure an environmentally

and economically just future while endeavoring to

meet a 1.5 degree Celsius outcome.

CLIMATE JUSTICE

Actions that contribute to GHG reductions

can have a positive impact on addressing

environmental justice and social equity. NYC is

committed to ensuring that the benefits of climate

action achieve just and equitable outcomes for all

New Yorkers. For example, the City will prioritize

carrying out actions that will improve local air

quality in neighborhoods that bear the greatest

burdens from localized air pollution. The City will

also carefully consider risks, such as potential

impacts to housing affordability and access, and

seek to minimize those risks, wherever possible.

NYC works best when New Yorkers have a say

in decisions that are made in their communities.

Broad and deep public engagement is the City’s

commitment. Across all five boroughs, the City

seeks out community members, elected officials,

community boards, academic institutions,

businesses, and other stakeholders to ensure that

our work to address climate change is anchored to

community priorities and needs.

Under Local Laws 60 and 64 of 2017, the City

is convening an inter-agency working group to

Implementing

2020 Climate Actions

The 2020 climate actions will also have a

positive impact on NYC’s ability to adapt to

the effects of climate change.

Consuming less energy in buildings and

transportation by retrofitting public and

private buildings and increasing transit

ridership and cycling will reduce stress on

existing energy infrastructure and supply

chains. While mitigating GHG emissions,

building retrofits can also demonstrate

resiliency benefits, through insulated walls

and reinforced windows, as well as boiler

and heat pump upgrades paired with

flood-proofing strategies. Increasing the

diversity of local, clean distributed-power

sources and new, low carbon transportation

options will provide flexibility in the energy

and transportation systems. Reducing

waste generated, increasing recycling, and

removing organics from the waste stream

reduces truck traffic, associated emissions

from waste collection, and the City’s reliance

on out-of-state landfills.

develop agency-specific plans to address and

mitigate environmental justice impacts. Through this

work, the City will better align efforts to address

climate change with those to address disparate

environmental conditions that have historically

resulted in diminished health outcomes, economic

opportunities, and quality of life. This work will be

supported by an independent advisory board of

environmental justice stakeholders who provide

guidance to the City’s efforts.

PLANNING SPATIALLY

NYC is uniquely vulnerable to the impacts of a

changing climate, particularly with regard to sea

level rise, flooding, and heat events — and those

climate risks are not equal across the five boroughs.

In many instances, low-income New Yorkers are

located in areas that are prone to flooding or are

most heat-vulnerable as a result of centuries of land

use and development decisions, including historically

discriminatory housing and investment practices.

In order to support sustainability and resiliency

efforts, particularly for vulnerable populations

and neighborhoods, the City will reduce exposure

to climate risks and environmental degradation,

and enable recovery efforts by employing spatial

analysis and reporting. For example, the

Cool

Neighborhoods NYC

program addresses the effects

of heat waves, rising summer temperatures, and the

urban heat island effect targeting the most at-risk

communities across the city.

Cool Neighborhoods

NYC

is a $106 million program designed to help keep

New Yorkers safe during hot weather and uses an

equity and public health approach to climate change

mitigation and adaptation planning.

1.5 °

30 | | 31

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

Conclusion

We Can’t Do It On Our Own

New York City will not achieve 80 x 50, carbon neutrality,

or a 1.5 degree Celsius outcome on its own. Cities, states,

the federal government, and international partners must

work together in the near- and long-term to uphold the

Paris Agreement. NYC has a rich history of collaborating

with local, regional, and global allies and is now calling on

those partnerships to achieve its climate goals.

NEW YORKERS

ENERGIZING NYC RESIDENTS

We must draw on the passion, ingenuity, and ability of

New Yorkers to accelerate progress. Together, we are

capable of reinventing our city to be climate-safe, more

equitable, prosperous, and exciting. New Yorkers must be

empowered and are an important part of the solution if we

are to succeed in meeting our ambitious goals.

PRIVATE SECTOR

ACCELERATING AVAILABILITY OF

TECHNOLOGY

Advancements in energy storage, clean fuel vehicles,

renewable heating and cooling technologies, and other

innovations that enable GHG reductions are instrumental

to achieving our goals. This includes the engineering that

will improve the eciency and cost-eﬀectiveness of these

products, as well as the development of supply chains and

a workforce that is prepared to deploy these technologies

within NYC.

NEW YORK STATE

CLEANING THE GRID MORE RAPIDLY

State and federal authorities have taken important steps

in recent years toward a renewables-based electricity grid,

including through the Clean Energy Standard and the

Clean Power Plan, and those eﬀorts need to be protected

and accelerated. The impending closure of the Indian

Point Energy Center, which currently supplies roughly a

quarter of the electricity consumed in NYC, ampliﬁes the

need to increase large-scale renewable energy generation

and distribution. The State and utilities must also

transition to a more reliable, ﬂexible, and “smarter” grid,

capable of adding new, intermittent, renewable power

sources and build new transmission to bring upstate

renewable power into the city.

IMPROVING TRANSIT NETWORKS

MORE RAPIDLY

In recent decades, improvements to NYC’s transit

networks have occurred incrementally and often are

de-prioritized in favor of more acute state-of-good-repair

work. In order to achieve a large-scale shift to sustainable

transportation modes, the City and State must accelerate

upgrades to enhance the quality, reliability, capacity,

safety, and extent of our subway, bus, ferry, and rail

networks. Improvements have historically not kept pace

with growth and must be accelerated to achieve GHG

reduction goals.

NATIONAL LEADERSHIP

IMPLEMENTING POLICIES THAT

ACCELERATE CLIMATE ACTION

The federal government must uphold and expand policies

that reﬂect the beneﬁts of reducing GHG emissions on

physical, social, and economic systems. Through the

incorporation of the social cost of carbon into decisions

about energy production and consumption, policymakers

would further encourage clean and renewable energy.

PRIORITIZING CLIMATE ACTION AS

AN URGENT, ESSENTIAL PROBLEM

Policymakers are constantly confronted with social,

economic, and environmental challenges which impact

the lives and livelihoods of Americans. However, climate

change is the greatest challenge of our generation, and it

must be continually prioritized and communicated as an

urgent, essential problem from the top down. We cannot

aﬀord to postpone climate action, as it is vital to the long-

term sustainability of NYC and the world.

GLOBAL ALLIES

DEVELOPING THE PATH TO CARBON

NEUTRALITY

To attain a path to carbon neutrality, cities will need to

consider the role of carbon sequestration, the capture

and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide, as

well as carbon oﬀsets to account for residual emissions

that are not possible to eliminate. NYC will lead in the

development of a global protocol for cities to attain carbon

neutrality by 2050 in partnership with other leading cities

and partners.

WHAT ELSE NEEDS TO HAPPEN

In order to align with the Paris Agreement, NYC

must continue to take bold actions beyond 2020

to achieve the strategies outlined in

New York

City’s Roadmap to 80 x 50

at an accelerated pace.

Complete deep energy retrofits that achieve

more than 50% reduction in energy use,

on average, in all of the city’s one million

buildings

Shift away from personal vehicle use and

toward commuter rail, subway, buses,

ferries, bikes, and walking, achieving an 80%

sustainable mode share, with New Yorkers

taking 4 out of every 5 trips by foot, bicycle,

or public transit

Achieve zero waste to landfill

Develop strategies to achieve carbon

neutrality by 2050

TRANSITION TO CLEAN ENERGY

CLIMATE CHANGE LEADERSHIP

REDUCED AND MORE EFFICIENT

CONSUMPTION

The decision to pull the United States out of the Paris

Climate Agreement put millions of Americans at risk and

is an assault on the public health, safety, and security of

everyone on the planet. For the time being, the mantle of

leadership in our country has passed to cities and states

to ﬁght climate change. Local governments all over the

country are going to have to reach further and faster to

address the climate crisis.

NYC’s commitment to the Paris Agreement through

Executive Order 26 is a signiﬁcant undertaking. The

actions presented in this plan will catalyze and enable

the immediate and steep decline in GHG emissions in

the near- and long-terms while creating a more equitable,

resilient, and prosperous city for all New Yorkers. The

next three years are critical to getting on track to avoid

the worst impacts of climate change. Together, we can

and must succeed in this eﬀort.

Transition away from fossil fuel use for

heating and hot water production in the

majority of buildings

Transition to a renewables-based electricity

supply with a minimum of 70% of NYC

electricity derived from renewable sources

Maximize on-site renewable energy

installations across public and private

properties

Transition to zero-emission vehicles and low-

carbon fuels

1.5 °

32 | | 33

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

Appendix I - Agency Highlights

CLIMATE POLICY AND PROGRAMS

As a unit of the NYC Mayor’s Oce, Climate Policy and

Programs is leading the City’s program for integrated

climate actions and includes the Oce of Sustainability,

the Oce of Recovery and Resiliency, and the Oce of

Environmental Coordination. The Climate Policy and

Programs team is working in partnership with other City

agencies to dramatically reduce NYC’s contribution to

climate change, while also aggressively working to protect

our neighborhoods against its impacts.

Agencies across the City are working together to highlight the actions and commitments they’re taking to reduce

their GHG emissions and demonstrate their leadership on climate change. While this is not a comprehensive list,

it demonstrates what can be achieved when agencies work together and incorporate climate change mitigation and

adaptation strategies in their missions and operations.

DEPARTMENT OF CITYWIDE ADMINISTRATIVE

SERVICES

DCAS Energy Management is leading by example

through the accelerated implementation of the $2.7 billion

deep energy retroﬁts program across agency buildings

to help achieve 80 x 50. The City is introducing a new

commitment to further reduce energy consumption in

municipal buildings 20 percent by 2025, in addition to

the clean energy initiatives DCAS is undertaking. Per

Executive Order 26, DCAS has already begun to develop

detailed agency-speciﬁc climate action plans. This fall, 50

new rooftop solar installation designs will be initiated,

33 of which will be evaluated for energy storage. With

the completion of these sites in 2019, there will be nearly

200 municipal solar installations — bringing the City to

over a quarter of its 100MW solar goal. In addition, the

City is committed to ultimately procuring 100 percent

renewable electricity for municipal operations. Additional

agency and citywide carbon reduction initiatives include

DCAS’ Citywide Fleet commitment to achieve a 50 percent

reduction in fossil fuel consumption in the City’s vehicle

ﬂeet by 2025.

Through Executive Order 26, DCAS has led all

City agencies in the development of City building

and vehicle-specific climate action plans that will

serve as the basis for energy and GHG emissions

reductions.

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

DOT is lowering GHG emissions while improving mobility

and enhancing the safety and health of New Yorkers.

DOT’s top priorities include: improving bus speeds;

doubling the number of active cyclists by 2020; expanding

the bike lane network by 50 miles per year; implementing

data-driven parking and trac-optimization technology

for more ecient trac; expanding the Oﬀ-Hour Delivery

program to reduce peak period congestion; facilitating

the adoption of low-emission private freight vehicles;

and increasing the energy eciency and sustainability of

agency operations and facilities.

DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION

DSNY is pursuing policies to address each component

of the City’s waste stream. The dramatically expanded

organics program is now the largest in the nation, serving

more than 2.5 million residents citywide. Through a

combination of curbside collection and convenient drop-

oﬀ sites, the organics program is expected to serve all New

Yorkers by the end of 2018. DSNY is also working to reduce

GHG emissions in its vehicle ﬂeet and at over 100 facilities

across the city. Over the last decade, DSNY has displaced

more than seven million gallons of traditional petroleum-

based diesel fuel with biodiesel. DSNY is committed to the

goal of sending zero waste to landﬁlls by 2030.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND MENTAL

HYGIENE

DOHMH is collecting and analyzing data on climate

change and climate-related health outcomes and is

integrating climate change risk and vulnerability

assessments into its emergency preparedness activities,

with an emphasis on how these threats will impact

health disparities and exacerbate existing inequities.

This evidence-based empirical data draws on the nexus

between climate and health issues, informing eﬀorts

to prevent or mitigate adverse health outcomes, and

directs resiliency resources to communities that are most

impacted.

NEW YORK CITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

CORPORATION

EDC is pioneering clean energy and energy storage

projects throughout the ﬁve boroughs. One of the City’s

ﬁrst solar and storage projects launched at the Brooklyn

Army Terminal in 2015. A feasibility assessment is

underway for a resilient energy pilot project in Hunts

Point with a microgrid and solar and storage system.

Through the RISE: NYC program, which focuses on

climate resiliency for NYC’s small businesses, EDC and

program partners are installing building-scale nanogrids

at approximately 50 small businesses throughout the city.

Through Solarize NYC, EDC is reducing the cost for New

Yorkers to go solar by expanding group purchasing. EDC’s

Shore Power system at the Brooklyn Cruise Terminal

enables ships to connect to the electrical grid and turn

oﬀ high-sulfur diesel fuel engines while docked. EDC

is also exploring the development of a retail alternative

fueling facility in Hunts Point to oﬀer alternative fuels

(compressed natural gas, biodiesel, ethanol, and truck stop

electriﬁcation positions) to reduce pollution from diesel

truck trac.

NEW YORK CITY HOUSING AUTHORITY

NYCHA is creating healthy and comfortable homes

to withstand the challenges of climate change and is

participating in the NYC Carbon Challenge, which

commits NYCHA to a 30 percent reduction of GHG

emissions by 2027. In order to meet this target, NYCHA

is reducing energy use per square foot 20 percent by 2025

and installing 25MW of solar capacity by 2026. In existing

multifamily buildings, NYCHA is installing LED lights,

upgrading ventilation, modernizing heating and hot

water systems, and piloting new distributed generation

technology. These eﬀorts are integral to NextGeneration

NYCHA, the Authority’s 10-year strategic agenda to

preserve public housing.

1.5 °

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ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS

SERVICES

SBS is developing the workforce needed to achieve 80 x

50 and delivering on the mayor’s promise to train 3,000

workers with new skills needed for the emerging green

economy through a partnership with the NYC Green Jobs

Corps and the Buildings Construction Trades Council.

Through the NYC CoolRoofs initiative, SBS is providing

local job seekers with training and work experience in

the installation of energy-saving reﬂective rooftops.

SBS is committed to expanding services for immigrant

populations and women entrepreneurs as well as

increasing equitable access to economic opportunities for

New Yorkers in need of services.

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION

DEP is developing an agency-wide energy plan that

will determine the most economically, operationally,

technologically feasible, and innovative pathways forward

in meeting the City’s OneNYC goals. DEP will integrate

this energy plan with capital planning in order to protect

public health and the environment. Since 2006, DEP

has reduced its GHG emissions by 21 percent. DEP is

also focusing on improving climate resiliency through

green infrastructure opportunities to retroﬁt wastewater

treatment plants for storm surge and sea level rise, and

incorporating conservation eﬀorts to mitigate droughts

and ﬂooding events in the watershed.

HOUSING PRESERVATION & DEVELOPMENT

HPD is continuing to lead the way on integrating housing

and climate policy by scaling approaches that provide

deeper health, aﬀordability, and energy beneﬁts to tenants

and building owners. In 2011, HPD required all new

construction and substantial renovations to comply with

evolving green building standards. This was followed by

the launch of the Green Physical Needs Assessment tool in

2015, which incorporates energy eciency criteria into all

moderate rehabilitations and retroﬁts. HPD is currently

assessing the feasibility of Passive House for multiple

residential building typologies in the aﬀordable housing

sector.

DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING

DCP is working closely with communities in the coastal

ﬂoodplain to plan for lasting, sustainable infrastructure

that prepares neighborhoods to withstand the eﬀects of

climate change. DCP is also working with communities in

developing neighborhood planning initiatives that promote

mixed-income housing for the city’s growing population.

Under NY Works, DCP is also working with fellow

agencies to promote job creation at transit-accessible

centers, such as Downtown Brooklyn and Long Island

City, to bring jobs closer to residents, extend the capacity

of the existing transit system to serve commuters, and

reduce overall GHG emission from transportation. DCP’s

borough planning oces are in constant conversation

with community boards, neighborhood leaders, and the

public to identify opportunities for projects or community

partnerships that advance sustainability goals.

DEPARTMENT OF DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION

DDC is producing and promoting capital projects that

support 80 x 50 by delivering quality public buildings and

infrastructure that are essential for a growing, equitable,

sustainable, and resilient NYC. DDC is educating agencies

about how projects can meet Local Law 31 of 2016

requirements by facilitating energy audits and energy

master plans for all capital projects that signiﬁcantly

aﬀect energy use and GHG emissions. Additionally, DDC

is integrating operations and maintenance planning,

and measurement and veriﬁcation planning into the

capital project design process. DDC is expanding the use

of building envelope commissioning to ensure quality

construction of durable, air tight, energy ecient building

exteriors, and developing a new Construction Excellence

program, to ensure that City contractors have the

necessary skills to build low-energy facilities.

DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS

DOB is advancing the City’s vision for safe and sustainable

development across NYC through code and zoning

regulations and through education and training of the

proposed energy code update to achieve greater energy

eciency in buildings. DOB reinforces public safety by

strengthening proactive enforcement and strategically

deploying enforcement resources. DOB will support better

communications and community engagement through the

use of DOB NOW, a public facing web interface that allows

New Yorkers to conduct transactions online, and through

the inclusion of energy code information in project

requirements for the construction industry.

NEW YORK CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT

FDNY is working on reducing GHG emissions from

ambulances by installing idle-reduction, or stealth,

technology and EV charging stations. Currently, the

ambulance ﬂeet has stealth technology auxiliary power

units, which improve engine idling time, on 26 percent

of the ﬂeet and aims to increase to 46 percent of the ﬂeet

by 2019. FDNY has completed solar projects and LED

upgrades throughout the ﬁve boroughs over the past ten

years and has installed solar hot water, geothermal, and

green roofs in new facilities under construction.

LANDMARKS PRESERVATION COMMISSION

LPC is simplifying the process for gaining approval for

interior alterations and energy eciency measures, such

as high performance windows and HVAC equipment,

and renewable energy measures, such as solar panels.

LPC is also exploring ways to reduce employee energy

consumption.

NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT

NYPD is incorporating renewable energy and energy

eciency technology into its real estate portfolio of over

250 facilities. Most recently, in partnership with DDC

and DCAS, design was completed on a new facility to

be outﬁtted with rooftop solar PV. NYPD also hired an

energy manager to further solidify NYPD’s commitment

to achieving 80 x 50 by assessing its facilities for energy

conservation opportunities.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SCHOOL

CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY

DOE is broadening its outreach about energy and climate

change to reach the parents and communities of its over

1.2 million students. DOE’s Oce of Sustainability is

increasing youth leadership around sustainability and

expanding its training for educators and facilities staﬀ.

DOE is continuing to implement projects that reduce

consumption of fossil fuels, including system optimization,

weatherization, capital replacements of inecient and

obsolete building systems, and optimized facilities

operations and maintenance. DOE accounts for over 25

percent of the City’s demand response program and will

continue to enroll all viable buildings within its 1,400

buildings, install solar PV where feasible, and implement an

energy analytics platform.

SCA is implementing compliance with Local Law 31 of

2016, which requires newly built or majorly retroﬁtted

City buildings to be designed to a very low energy target.

SCA is increasing student capacity by building new schools

that provide safe, attractive, and environmentally sound

spaces through capital improvements for the roughly

1,400 existing NYC public school buildings. SCA is also

partnering with other NYC agencies to realize best design,

construction, and procurement practices.

TAXI & LIMOUSINE COMMISSION

The TLC is improving the energy eciency of its facilities

in support of 80 x 50. Its Woodside facility will achieve

LEED Silver certiﬁcation by using energy conservation

measures such as lighting power reduction, lighting

occupancy sensors, and improved glazing. TLC will also

install a solar PV array on this facility.

1.5 °

36 | | 37

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

FINANCIAL INFORMATION SERVICES AGENCY

 OFFICE OF PAYROLL ADMINISTRATION

FISA-OPA is pursuing an upgrade of oce lighting, lighting

controls, and mechanical infrastructure to its facility and

has reduced its vehicle ﬂeet to three gas powered and

two hybrid vehicles. Having implemented a recycling and

e-waste program, FISA-OPA is also reducing the amount

of print material it uses by encouraging City employees

and vendors doing business with the City to sign up for

electronic banking and digital reports.

MAYOR’S OFFICE OF LABOR RELATIONS

OLR is enhancing the health and wellbeing of NYC

employees through its WorkWell NYC pilot program,

with initiatives that often provide sustainability beneﬁts

by improving indoor space quality and encouraging

walking or biking instead of taking fossil fuel-based

transportation. OLR has hosted its ﬁrst “Bike to Work”

day to encourage staﬀ to bike and is aiming to host “food

box” programs that would provide farm fresh produce

to interested staﬀ. It has also distributed reusable water

bottles to its staﬀ and personnel at four other agencies

to encourage employees to drink tap water rather than

purchase beverages in disposable containers. OLR is

seeking to expand these initiatives to other City agencies.

In addition, OLR is making eﬀorts to go paperless and

digitize ﬁles as much as possible.

DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION

DOC is improving local air quality, reducing energy

consumption and GHG emissions, and expanding clean

distributed generation. DOC’s new combined heat and

power (CHP) plant on Rikers Island facility is designed

to generate nearly all of the electricity and steam needed

to serve Rikers Island, oﬀsetting the electricity demand

of about 15,000 residents from the Astoria power grid.

Ultimately, the new plant will reduce the facility’s GHG

emissions by 17 percent and NOx emissions by 37 percent,

provide a savings of over $6.9M in annual energy cost,

increase reliability of the electrical and steam services

on Rikers Island, improve resiliency, and create green

jobs for project construction. DOC is completing agency-

wide lighting upgrades to LEDs, which is expected to

reduce energy consumption from lighting by at least 50

percent, and has reduced GHG emissions through energy

conservation and retro-commissioning measures to HVAC

and steam equipment.

NEW YORK CITY HEALTH AND HOSPITALS

NYC Health + Hospitals is participating in the NYC

Carbon Challenge to reduce GHG emissions 50 percent

by 2025 from a 2007 baseline. It has already achieved a

24 percent GHG emissions reduction through a range of

energy eciency projects, many of which were conducted

jointly with the New York Power Authority. The public

health system has plans to install a combined heat and

power (CHP) system at NYC Health + Hospitals/Kings

County and is making plans for another CHP system at

NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue, contributing to another

11 percent reduction in GHG emissions by 2020 while

improving resiliency.

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

Parks is actively working toward a holistic approach

to GHG emissions reduction that combines planning

and design of new construction projects; retroﬁtting,

retro-commissioning, and upgrading existing systems;

preventive and predictive maintenance of equipment;

energy monitoring and performance tracking; and

training for all levels and aspects of agency operations.

Parks’ capital program incorporates green infrastructure,

high eciency equipment, building controls, and

renewable energy. Parks is retroﬁtting existing facilities

with LED lighting, high-eciency HVAC equipment, and

building and lighting controls; ramping up a performance

management program to maximize asset performance;

performing intensive data analytics to manage energy

usage and verify investments; and building its employee’s

sustainability awareness and skills through training.

BROOKLYN BRIDGE PARK CORPORATION

BBP is reducing its energy intake by upgrading park

lighting to LEDs, adding vacancy sensors at every facility,

and installing a large scale solar array at Pier 2. BBP will

install building management systems throughout its

facilities, which will provide better control over energy

usage and reduce waste to landﬁll.

COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS

The Commission is enforcing the NYC Human Rights

Law, Title 8 of the Administrative Code, through its

Law Enforcement Bureau, educating New Yorkers about

their rights under the Law, and encouraging positive

community relations through its Community Relations

Bureau. The Commission’s work to achieve the goals of

reducing energy consumption and GHG emissions occurs

largely through partnership with DCAS.

MAYOR’S OFFICE OF SPECIAL PROJECTS

AND COMMUNITY EVENTS

The Mayor’s Oce of Special Projects and Community

Events is stocking its events with compostable and

recyclable products that meet the City’s Environmentally

Preferable Purchasing guidelines. To lead by example,

MOSPCE ensures that Mayor de Blasio brings a reusable

water bottle to his events, chooses catering with

sustainable food practices in mind, selects venues with a

consciousness toward energy eciency, and collaborates

with City Harvest to give away leftover food to reduce

waste while providing for New Yorkers in need.

NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY

NYPL is renovating many of its facilities to LEED Gold

standard to comply with Local Law 31 of 2016 and is

committed to achieving the highest environmentally

friendly operation at its facilities. Additionally, NYPL acts

as a platform for public awareness on climate change and

environmental sustainability.

BROOKLYN PUBLIC LIBRARY

BPL is planning to install solar photovoltaic panels at up to

ﬁve branches, green roofs at two branches, and upgrades to

HVAC controls at over 20 branches. In order to achieve 80

x 50, BPL has developed an energy master plan for all of its

libraries. BPL has reduced emissions by approximately 15

percent from a 2005 baseline. These gains have primarily

been made through LED lighting upgrades completed at

22 branches. BPL’s Central Library was the ﬁrst library in

the City to participate in Con Edison’s demand response

program. This is a vital resiliency measure to help

reduce the risk of brownouts and blackouts in Brooklyn

neighborhoods. Finally, BPL is educating the public on

sustainability through energy eciency workshops and

is planning to expand programming to incorporate solar

kiosks and books and exhibits on green infrastructure.

QUEENS LIBRARY

Queens Library is creating public libraries that support

health beneﬁts: psychological relaxation and stress

alleviation; increased physical activity; and reduced

exposure to air pollutants, excess noise, and urban

heat island eﬀects. Investment in green infrastructure

and clean energy will not only lower the agency’s GHG

emissions and mitigate ﬂooding, but also preserve the

libraries as neighborhood anchors during times of need

and sustain the facilities as premiere destinations for

information and educational support for all New Yorkers.

Its most recent green space projects include collaboration

with the Greater Jamaica Development Corporation on the

revitalization of the landscaping at the Central Library in

Jamaica, Queens, and the much anticipated “Green Wall”

project, at the Broadway Community Library. Through

DCAS Energy Management programs, Queens Library has

invested in LED retroﬁts at 22 buildings and has also been

working with DCAS to install solar PV at two facilities.

1.5 °

38 | | 39

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

MAYOR’S OFFICE FOR INTERNATIONAL

AFFAIRS

The Mayor’s Oce for International Aﬀairs is

communicating with the world’s largest diplomatic

community on a daily basis, where the importance of

implementing the Paris Agreement is a central message

when discussing policy issues with diplomats living in

NYC, as well as delegations visiting from other countries.

In line with the Executive Order 26 commitment to

develop global partnerships, the Mayor’s Oce for

International Aﬀairs explains how NYC is dedicated to

addressing climate change, provides practical examples

from sister agencies, and identiﬁes opportunities to share

best practices with cities and municipalities around the

world.

DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS

DCA is running the “Shut the Front Door!” campaign, to

encourage compliance with Local Law 92 of 2015, which

prohibits stores from leaving doors or windows open while

air conditioning is running. As part of this eﬀort, DCA

provides educational materials to businesses to help them

project cost savings and associated environmental beneﬁts

from keeping the door shut.

MAYOR’S OFFICE OF MEDIA AND

ENTERTAINMENT

MOME is overseeing

NYC Film Green

, a ﬁrst-of-its-kind

environmental sustainability program for the ﬁlm and

television industry, which oﬀers productions with at least

one shooting day in NYC the opportunity to be recognized

for their eﬀorts to reduce their impact on the environment.

In exchange for tracking basic resource usage (including

utilities, fuel, and housing) and satisfying certain

sustainability benchmarks in the areas of waste diversion,

energy conservation, and crew education, qualifying

productions will receive the

NYC Film Green

mark of

distinction to place in end credits and any marketing and

promotional materials.

DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL AFFAIRS

DCLA is working with cultural organizations to achieve

80 x 50. Given that over 25 percent of DCLA’s funding

to cultural organizations goes to support energy costs in

City-owned cultural facilities, DCLA is creating a new

position that will work with its Capital Projects and

Cultural Institutions units to help cultural organizations

reduce their energy consumption and associated GHG

emissions. Through its Material for the Arts (MFTA)

division, DCLA is working with businesses and individuals

to redistribute a wide variety of reusable materials to non-

proﬁt organizations, city agencies, and public schools to

divert these supplies from landﬁlls and to direct them to

those who can use them. In 2016, MFTA diverted over 1.9

million pounds of high-quality reusable goods, reducing

the GHG impact associated with creating new supplies, and

supporting local arts and cultural community throughout

the city.

NYC FOOD POLICY

The Oce of Food Policy is reducing food insecurity,

improving consumption of healthy food among low-

income New Yorkers, and building a more sustainable,

resilient, and equitable system focused on mitigating

the environmental impacts of food, from distribution to

consumption to waste management. In support of the

City’s goal to send zero waste to landﬁll by 2030, Food

Policy is diverting organic waste from landﬁll through its

work with agencies, rescue organizations, food businesses,

and residents. NYC agencies are responsible for more than

240 million meals and snacks annually, and Food Policy

supports agencies in their food procurement and food

service programs to serve nutritious meals and encourages

the procurement of sustainable and local products.

CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK

CUNY is integrating sustainability into the University and

surrounding metropolitan area through its curriculum,

policy work, research, capital projects, and workforce

and economic development activities. CUNY’s campuses

are oﬀering degrees and programs related to sustainable

urban planning and design, as well as technical programs

relating to EV and building energy management.

CUNY’s researchers are focusing on breakthroughs in

battery storage and environmental adaptability such

as the resiliency of Jamaica Bay. Through Sustainable

CUNY, CUNY focuses on three key pillars: operations,

maintenance, and energy conservation; renewable energy

deployment; and resiliency. The NYC Solar Partnership was

formed over a decade ago with CUNY, MOS, and NYCEDC

to remove barriers to solar in NYC and has successfully

reduced permitting time and grown the market to over

100MW of distributed solar across NYC. CUNY’s Smart

DG (distributed generation) Hub is a collaborative eﬀort

with New York State and City agencies, utilities, and

industry to integrate solar and storage into the New York

infrastructure.

NYC SERVICE

NYC Service is partnering with City agencies and non-

proﬁts in order to mobilize members and volunteers to

address environmental issues. Environmental protection is

one of NYC Service’s ﬁve city needs. Priorities and ongoing

activities include community outreach on recycling and

reducing waste, as well as increasing organics separation.

NYC Service is also working to reduce energy and paper

use within its oce.

OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION

MOER is expanding its novel materials exchange

program to promote local reuse of surplus material

resources generated during construction. This will serve

a dual purpose of reducing GHG emissions from truck

transportation and provide building materials to construct

ﬂood-control structures that improve our resilience to sea

level rise. MOER’s NYC Clean Soil Bank has exchanged

nearly 400,000 tons of clean soil over four years – most

of which has been reused to raise the elevation of ﬂood-

prone land and build wetlands and berms to improve

resiliency. MOER is committing to achieve more equitable

distribution of environmental and social beneﬁts of clean

soil exchange and will introduce the Progressive Urban

Resource Exchange program (PURE Soil) to promote clean

soil distribution in low-income communities. MOER

will also launch the PURE Soil Dashboard, a web-based

application developed in collaboration with 100 Resilient

Cities (100RC) and AMEC, to document the use of clean

soil in NYC communities. MOER is expanding the use of

soil and other materials exchanges by agencies. In doing so

it will work with city agencies to standardize speciﬁcations

for materials usage, educate agency engineers on beneﬁts

of materials exchange, and modifying contracts to facilitate

use of locally sourced material.

DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE

DOF is providing property data to support NYC’s

benchmarking laws, as well as aggregated income and

expense data to determine the tax revenue impact on

mandated fuel reductions by 2030. DOF is replacing its

ﬂeet with energy ecient options at lease expiration and

participating in the annual citywide Earth Day initiative

to reduce non-essential vehicle usage and electricity.

DOF is working with DCAS to convert to energy ecient

lighting in DOF’s long-term lease spaces and encouraging

employees to “burn calories not electricity” by taking the

stairs where possible. DOF is implementing an aggressive

waste recycling program in which employees have bins

at their desk for mixed paper, envelopes, magazines,

and newspapers only. Bins are provided in centrally

located areas in the building for the disposal of food,

food wrappers, containers, and recyclables. DOF is also

adhering to all e-waste procedures. All expired computer

components are collected agency-wide and taken to a

warehouse for proper decommissioning and then turned

over to an e-waste vendor for disposal in accordance with

all state and federal regulations.

1.5 °

40 | | 41

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN’S

SERVICES

ACS is expanding transportation options for front-line

staﬀ, including transitioning 40 percent of its agency ﬂeet

to hybrid and electric vehicles, as well as using car shares

in place of dedicated agency vehicles. ACS is working with

DOT to reduce the need to circle for parking, leading to

less idle time and needless GHG emissions. ACS is also

engaged in the DDC capital planning process to elevate

energy eciency as a priority in its largest City-owned

facilities at the Children’s Center, Horizon Juvenile

Detention, and Crossroads Juvenile Detention Center.

NYC EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

NYCEM is preparing the city for emergencies by educating

the public on preparedness for increasingly severe and

frequent emergencies as a result of climate change.

The Emergency Support Center (ESC) in Bushwick will

expand and become LEED-certiﬁed, joining its agency

headquarter in this distinction. NYCEM is upgrading the

HVAC and electrical systems in its third facility, the Backup

Emergency Operating Center (BEOC) in Coney Island.

Recently, the agency replaced its entire pool ﬂeet with

fully electric vehicles and will continue replacing non-

emergency vehicles with electric vehicles when funding

becomes available.

June 2, 2017

WHEREAS, we all have a moral, economic, public health, and security imperative to act to protect our planet, fellow

human beings, and future generations; and

WHEREAS, we must act, and act together at every level, as individuals, as cities, and as a global community; and

WHEREAS, climate action taken by cities in the United States and around the world can result in 40% of the pollution

reduction needed globally to limit warming to only 1.5 degrees Celsius; and

WHEREAS, the many beneﬁts of climate action by cities also address issues of inequality including the expanding wealth

gap, the lack of housing, the accessibility of public transit, aging infrastructure, and other major urban challenges; and

WHEREAS, President Donald Trump’s decision to pull out of the Paris Agreement puts millions of Americans at risk and

cities like New York City must step up to stop climate change.

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the power vested in me as Mayor of the City of New York, it is hereby ordered:

Commitment to Principles and Goals of Paris Agreement

Section 1. Adopt and Commit to the Principles and Goals Set Forth In the Paris Agreement. To protect our residents

and all human beings from the eﬀects of climate change, New York City will adopt the principles and goals of the

Paris Agreement to deliver climate actions that are consistent with or greater than its own commitments to reduce its

greenhouse gas emissions 80% by 2050 and that support the critical goal of holding the increase in the global average

temperature to below 2° Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursuing eﬀorts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°

Celsius above pre-industrial levels, as set forth in the Paris Agreement, which entered into force on November 4, 2016; and

Section 2. Develop New York City’s Pathway to Achieving Emissions Reductions Necessary to Contribute its Proportionate

Share to Global Eﬀorts to Limit Warming to 1.5 Celsius. The mayor directs city agencies to work with the Mayor’s Oce

of Sustainability (MOS), its national and global climate network partners and other leading cities to develop further

greenhouse gas reduction plans and actions that are consistent with the principles and goals of the Paris Agreement

and that contribute to global eﬀorts to limit warming to 1.5° Celsius. All City agencies shall work with MOS to create

a citywide plan by September 30 to advance the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global temperature increase to 1.5°

Celsius above pre-industrial levels by further reducing their own greenhouse gas emissions; and

Section 3. Global partnership. New York City will commit to acting locally and globally, working with other leading United

States cities, and with regional and state partners, business leaders, the faith community, the public health community,

scientists, activists, and citizens across our community, these United States, and the world to meet our country’s 2016

commitment under the Paris Agreement, to make even more ambitious future commitments to emissions reductions, and

to support inclusive, healthy and prosperous communities.

Bill de Blasio,

MAYOR

Appendix II - Executive Order 26

1.5 °

42 | | 43

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

Appendix III - Inventory of New York City Greenhouse

Gas Emissions in 2016

The

Inventory of New York City Greenhouse Gas (GHG)

Emissions

is published pursuant to Local Law 22 of 2008

and is composed of two inventories: the Citywide GHG

Inventory and the City Government GHG Inventory.

These inventories are developed using separate GHG

accounting protocols and have overlapping yet distinct

scopes and boundaries.

CITYWIDE GHG INVENTORY

GHG emissions in the Citywide Inventory are calculated

and reported per the guidance of the Global Protocol for

Cities (GPC). This inventory consists of all direct and

indirect GHG emissions from:

• Energy used by buildings and other stationary

sources, and fugitive emissions from natural gas

distribution within NYC limits;

• On-road transportation, railways, marine navigation,

and aviation within city limits; and

• Wastewater treatment within city limits and solid

waste generated within the city but disposed outside

of city limits

These sources represent the GPC BASIC level of

reporting, which is used to track the City’s GHG

mitigation goals. The 2016 citywide GHG emissions

inventory is GPC BASIC level compliant.

FINDINGS

Citywide GHG emissions in 2016 were 52.1 million

metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO₂e). Since

2005, GHG emissions have decreased in NYC citywide

by approximately 15% despite signiﬁcant increases in

population and economic activity, NYC’s per capita

GHG emissions in 2016 was on average of 6.1 metric

tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO₂e) emission per

capita, signiﬁcantly lower than the American average

of 19 tCO₂e per capita. Citywide GHG emissions have

remained ﬂat since 2015.

CITYWIDE ANNUAL GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE

CITYWIDE ANNUAL GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR

GHG EMISSIONS PER CAPITA 2005 TO 2016

Lorem ipsum

15%

Waste

Transportation

Stationary energy

201620152014201320122011201020092008200720062005

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

(MtCO₂e)

Lorem ipsum

Other

Steam

#4 fuel oil

Methane

Diesel

#2 fuel oil

Gasoline

Electricity

Natural gas

201620152014201320122011201020092008200720062005

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

(MtCO₂e)

*GHG emissions from nitrous oxide and jet fuel account for less than 1% of citywide GHG emissions

Other

Methane

Gasoline

Diesel

#6 fuel oil

#4 fuel oil

#2 fuel oil

Natural gas

Steam

Electricity

United States

New York City

201620152014201320122011201020092008200720062005

Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per capita

(tCO₂e/pp)

100

120

Linear (tCO2e per $ GCP)

201620152014201320122011201020092008200720062005

Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per dollar

(tCO₂e/$)

NYC GHG EMISSIONS PER GROSS CITY PRODUCT

2005 TO 2016

United States

New York City

201620152014201320122011201020092008200720062005

Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per capita

(tCO₂e/pp)

1.5 °

44 | | 45

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

EMISSIONS BY SECTOR

New York citywide GHG emissions come from three key

sectors: stationary energy (buildings), transportation,

and waste. Buildings continue to be the largest driver,

accounting for 67% of total citywide GHG emissions,

STATIONARY ENERGY

Energy used in our buildings generated 34.7 MtCO₂e in

2016. This sector is by far the largest source of emissions

in the City. Residential buildings in NYC account for 48%

of building-based emissions, while Commercial buildings

in NYC account for 39%. Natural gas combustion is the

main contributor from buildings, responsible for 46%

of building-based emissions. Use of electricity is the

second largest source of emissions, responsible for 37% of

building-based emissions.

TRANSPORTATION

30% of citywide emissions come from the transportation

sector (15.5 MtCO₂e). On-road vehicles are the largest

source of emissions from this sector, accounting for 96%

of emissions from transportation (29% citywide). Within

this sector, vehicles that consume gasoline are the primary

source, accounting for 80% of transportation-based

emissions.

WASTE

Over 3% of citywide emissions come from the waste sector.

Methane emissions from landﬁlled waste is by far the

largest source from the waste sector, accounting for 89% of

waste-based emissions and 2.9% of citywide emissions.

Marine diesel

Electricity

Diesel

Gasoline

Marine navigationRailwaysOn-road

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

(MtCO₂e)

*GHG emissions from diesel hybrid, biofuel, CNG, fuel cell, ethanol, aviation gas,

jet fuel, and gasoline hybrid account for less than 1% of citywide GHG emissions

95.7%

3.7%

0.6%

WasteTransportationStationary energy

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

(MtCO₂e)

66.7%

29.8%

3.5%

*GHG emissions from nitrous oxide, #6 fuel oil, and jet fuel account for less than 1% of

citywide GHG emissions

Other

Methane

Gasoline

Diesel

#4 fuel oil

#2 fuel oil

Natural gas

Steam

Electricity

Fugitive

natural gas

Manufacturing and

construction

Commercial and

institutional

Residential

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

(MtCO₂e)

48.1%

39.2%

12.0%

0.7%

Methane

Biofuel

#6 fuel oil

#4 fuel oil

#2 fuel oil

Natural gas

Steam

Electricity

0.5

1.0

1.5

N₂O

CH₄ and N₂O

composting

CH₄

Wastewater treatmentBiological treatmentLandfills

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

(MtCO₂e)

83.7%

6.5%

9.8%

2016 CITYWIDE WASTE GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE

2016 CITYWIDE TRANSPORTATION GHG EMISSIONS BY

SOURCE

2016 CITYWIDE STATIONARY ENERGY GHG EMISSIONS BY

SOURCE

2016 CITYWIDE EMISSIONS BY SECTOR AND SOURCE

CONSUMPTION-BASED

EMISSIONS

Like other large cities, NYC’s vibrant economy drives

signiﬁcant GHG emissions beyond its boundaries.

Consumption-based emissions accounting captures

the direct and life cycle GHG emissions from products

and services that residents consume. This includes a

combination of diﬀerent emission sources ranging from

energy use, transportation, and waste management, to

supply chain emissions of goods and services. A city’s

consumption-based emissions can be described using the

following expression:

Consumption Emissions = Production emissions +

Imported emissions – Exported emissions

In simple terms, a city’s accounting of consumption-based

emissions is deﬁned as the emissions arising within that

city’s boundaries, (-) minus those emissions associated

with the production of goods and services exported to

meet demand outside the city, (+) plus emissions arising

in supply chains for goods and services produced outside

the city but imported for consumption by its residents. A

consumption-based GHG emissions assessment therefore

cuts across Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions categories, bringing

together direct and indirect emissions sources. It reﬂects

complex international supply chains, lifecycle emissions,

and is deﬁned by the boundary in which consumption

occurs.

The City will evaluate consumption-based emissions

accounting methodologies and their ability to complement

the insight provided by the City’s sector-based Global

Protocol for Community-scale GHG emissions inventory

(GPC). Using both approaches may encourage more

holistic GHG emissions assessments, provide additional

perspective through which to understand NYC’s

contribution to climate change, and identify additional

opportunities for action.

followed by transportation (30%), and waste (3%).

The largest sources of GHG emissions in the city are

combustion of natural gas (31%), use of electricity (25%)

and combustion of gasoline (24%).

1.5 °

46 | | 47

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

GHG emissions in the City Government Inventory are

calculated and reported per the Local Government

Operations Protocol (LGOP). This Inventory reports

GHG emissions from operations, facilities, or sources

wholly owned by the City, or over which the City has full

authority to introduce and implement operations, health

and safety, and environmental policies (including both

GHG- and non-GHG-related policies). GHG emissions

from leased real estate and vehicles and other equipment

are included. It is important to note that additional,

non-City operated public entities (e.g., Metropolitan

Transportation Authority) are not included within the

LGOP inventory protocol by this deﬁnition of operational

control.

CITY GOVERNMENT GHG

INVENTORY

CITY GOVERNMENT ANNUAL GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Water supply

HFCs municipal fleet

Streetlighting &

traffic signals

Landfill CH4

Transportation

Wastewater

treatment

Buildings

FY16FY15FY14FY13FY12FY11FY10FY09FY08FY07FY06

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

(MtCO₂e)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

FY16FY15FY14FY13FY12FY11FY10FY09FY08FY07FY06

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

(MtCO₂e)

*GHG emissions from HFCs, propane, aviation jet fuel, #1 fuel oil, kerosene, ethanol,

and biodiesel account for less than 1% of city govenrment GHG emissions

Other

HFCs

Nitrous Oxide

Methane

Gasoline

Diesel

#6 fuel oil

#4 fuel oil

#2 fuel oil

Natural gas

Steam

Electricity

CITY GOVERNMENT ANNUAL GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR

FINDINGS

City Government GHG emissions in 2016 were 2.74

MtCO2e. Since Fiscal Year (FY) 2006, GHG emissions have

decreased in NYC government by approximately 25%. City

Government GHG emissions have reduced over 8% from

FY 2015.

The most signiﬁcant reductions in GHG emissions in 2016

come from #2, #4, and #6 fuel oils as well as from natural

gas. Sizable reductions in emissions have also been

observed in methane from the City’s wastewater treatment

facilities and in electricity consumption in its buildings.

Electricity use is the largest source of emissions,

accounting for 40% of City Government emissions.

Natural gas combustion is the second largest contributor

to emissions the City Government portfolio accounting

for 23%.

1.5 °

48 | | 49

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

20 YEAR GLOBAL WARMING

POTENTIAL

Standard GHG accounting methods track six key

GHGs (CO2, CH, N₂O, PFCs, HFCs, SF). Each of these

gases diﬀers in their ability to absorb energy (“radiative

eciency”), and how long they live in the atmosphere

(“lifetime”). The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of a

GHG is a multiplier used to allow comparisons of the

impacts of emissions of various GHGs on global warming

by converting them to a common unit: carbon dioxide

equivalent (CO₂e). The larger the GWP the more a

particular GHG warms the earth over a given timeframe.

The most commonly used timeframe is 100 years. For

instance, methane (CH) is estimated to have a GWP of 25

over 100 years.

In addition to the 100 year timeframe, NYC has also

calculated GHG emissions using 20-year GWPs. These

GWPs do not consider impacts that happen more than 20

years after emissions occur and therefore prioritize gases

with shorter lifetimes. In the case of methane (which has

a short lifetime), 100 year GWP of methane is 25, but its

20-year GWP is much higher at 72. This view of GHG

emissions can provide the City with more detail when

assessing short term vs long term strategies.

UNCERTAINTY

A GHG inventory is both an accounting and scientiﬁc

exercise; uncertainty exists in data collection and

aggregation, as well as in the calculation of GHG

emissions. Uncertainty is inherently part of GHG

calculations, as both the development of emission

factors and global warming potentials involve

scientiﬁc uncertainty. Uncertainty also is a part of the

measurement, modeling, and estimation necessary to

complete GHG inventories. While a precise margin of

error has not been calculated for this GHG inventory, it is

understood that all results have some uncertain elements

and should be interpreted and used accordingly.

Key observations from this analysis include:

• Emissions from buildings remain the largest driver

of Citywide emissions in both the 20 and 100 year

timeframes

• The 20 year timeframe view shows that emissions

from waste sectors are larger drivers of short term

emissions than in the 100 year timeframe.

» Citywide GHG emissions from the waste sector

are over twice as large as a proportion of total

emissions (9% of total on 20 year timeframe, 4%

on 100 year timframe).

» City Government GHG emissions from solid waste

facilities are more than double as a proportion of

total emissions. (8% of total on 20 year timeframe,

3% on 100 year timeframe).

» City government’s wastewater treatment

emissions are 25% larger (8% of total on 20 year

timeframe, 3% on 100 year timeframe).

• Under a 20-year GWP framework, City government

GHG emissions dropped by 29.8% relative to

2006 (compared to 24.7% under a 100-year GWP

framework).

SECTOR TOTAL GHG (MtCO

Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Total

STATIONARY

ENERGY

21.75 13.02 - 34.77

TRANSPORTATION 14.99 555.01 - 15.54

WASTE 0.18 - 1.62 1.89

TOTAL

36.91 13.57 1.62 51.92

CITYWIDE SCOPES EMISSIONS

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

FugitiveWater

supply

Streetlighting

traffic signals

Solid

waste

Transp.Wastewater

treatment

Buildings

MUNI by sector and source

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

(MtCO₂e)

*GHG emissions from HFCs, propane, jet fuel, #6 fuel oil, kerosene, ethanol,

and biodiesel account for less than 1% of city govenrment GHG emissions

65.37%

15.62%

12.70%

3.01%

1.89%

0.93%

0.49%

Other

Methane

Nitrous oxide

Gasoline

Diesel

#6 fuel oil

#4 fuel oil

#2 fuel oil

Natural gas

Steam

Electricity

CITY GOVERNMENT ANNUAL GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR AND SOURCE

As is the case in the Citywide GHG Inventory, energy used

in buildings is by far the largest source of emissions in

City Government, generating 65% (1.8 MtCO2e ) of City

Government emissions.

Wastewater treatment generated 16% (0.43 MtCO2e) of

City Government GHG emissions. wastewater treatment

emissions were driven by electricity consumption (43%)

and methane emissions (26%).

Transportation contributed 13% (0.35 MtCO2e) of City

Government GHG emissions. On-road diesel emissions

were the main source of transportation-based emissions

(45%), followed by Gasoline (28%), and Diesel for Marine

Transport (26%).

1.5 °

50 | | 51

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

CitywideGHGEmissionsSummary

CY 2005 CY 2015

Sector Units Consumed tCO

e Source MMbtu Consumed tCO

e Source MMbtu

STATIONARY ENERGY

RESIDENTIAL (SMALL AND LARGE RESIDENTIAL)

#2 fuel oil liter 555,115,513 1,509,205 20,485,363 642,371,709 1,746,430 23,705,369

#4 fuel oil liters 294,735,132 858,782 11,486,968 371,262,975 1,081,765 14,469,554

#6 fuel oil liters 733,787,288 2,202,564 29,446,928 48,457,191 145,451 1,944,590

Biofuel liters 2,723,585 5 92,994 34,527,400 59 1,178,900

Electricity kWh 14,168,364,734 6,079,321 133,021,044 15,701,860,145 4,035,680 148,976,038

Natural gas GJ 180,307,273 9,088,939 179,443,212 184,436,188 9,297,070 183,552,340

Steam kg 1,998,982,584 332,201 5,749,261 2,671,762,180 286,277 6,099,429

COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL (COMMERCIAL, INSTITUTIONAL, AND STREETLIGHTS)

#2 fuel oil liters 314,564,916 855,215 11,608,353 364,010,009 989,642 13,433,019

#4 fuel oil liters

52,603,950

153,274 2,050,179 66,262,542 193,072 2,582,507

#6 fuel oil liters 90,043,029 270,277 3,613,432 5,946,181 17,848 238,621

Biofuel liters 685,603 1 23,409 8,691,520 15 296,762

Electricity kWh 26,226,076,079 11,253,009 246,226,018 24,916,358,669 6,403,983 236,401,315

Natural gas GJ 60,301,084 3,039,660 60,012,112 110,953,139 5,592,932 110,421,433

Steam kg 7,457,786,326 1,239,372 21,449,291 5,318,470,947 569,870 12,141,662

MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION (INDUSTRIAL)

#2 fuel oil liters 72,520,283 196,673 2,676,208 83,919,431 227,587 3,096,869

#4 fuel oil liters 11,333,710 32,943 441,718 14,276,502 41,496 556,410

#6 fuel oil liters 6,952,951 20,819 279,022 459,153 1,375 18,426

Biofuel liters 121,709 0 4,156 1,542,930 3 52,682

Electricity kWh 8,779,889,926 3,767,250 82,430,834 9,030,045,419 2,320,895 85,675,224

Natural gas GJ 18,090,325 910,089 18,003,634 26,789,018 1,347,703 26,660,640

Steam kg 2,237,335,898 371,812 6,434,787 1,595,541,286 170,961 3,642,499

FUGITIVE NATURAL GAS

CH4 - natural gas distribution GJ 442,833 207,588 - 551,495 258,527 -

TRANSPORTATION

ON-ROAD

Passenger cars VMT

19,318,051,038 12,881,945 192,791,648 20,031,919,734 12,379,304 188,814,821

Medium duty trucks VMT

487,628,577 387,786 5,670,969 505,647,835 401,210 5,898,073

Heavy duty trucks VMT

632,294,047 1,419,991 19,772,771 655,658,982 1,466,398 20,408,545

Buses VMT

346,001,787 687,896 9,548,307 294,114,348 586,859 8,633,174

RAILWAYS

Electricity - subway and commuter rail kWh

2,223,041,708 953,856 20,871,239 2,163,557,443 556,076 20,527,391

Diesel - commuter rail liters

5,207,218 14,098 192,691 5,452,200 14,761 201,756

MARINE NAVIGATION

Diesel - marine navigation liters 18,247,504 49,962 673,386 25,241,030 69,110 931,467

Biofuel liters - - - 45,333 0.1 1,548

Gasoline - marine navigation liters - - - 8,718 21 291

AVIATION

Jet fuel - aviation liters 933,093 2,426 33,610 1,016,754 2,643 36,623

WASTE

LANDFILLS

Exported solid waste - landfills MT 7,420,036 2,021,979 - 5,538,963 1,509,381 -

BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT

and N

O - composting MT 26,351 4,991 - 564,146 106,849 -

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

- wastewater treatment plants MT 6,536 163,402 - 5,841 146,037 -

O - wastewater treatment plants MT 286 85,120 - 251 74,873 -

TOTALS

61,062,452 1,084,533,543 52,042,167 1,120,597,977



CY 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2005

Consumed tCO

e Source MMbtu Consumed tCO

e Source MMbtu

703,282,967 1,912,031 25,953,170 9% 9% 9% 27% 27% 27%

375,809,72 1,095,013 14,646,758 1% 1% 1% 28% 28% 28%

7,198,342 21,607 288,870 -85% -85% -85% -99% -99% -99%

55,591,534 95 1,898,111 61% 61% 61% 1941% 1941% 1941%

15,683,116,931 4,088,662 148,798,206 0% 1% 0% 11% -33% 12%

183,908,884 9,270,489 183,027,563 0% 0% 0% 2% 2% 2%

2,733,212,561 318,340 6,239,715 2% 11% 2% 37% -4% 9%

398,526,329 1,083,482 14,706,771 9% 9% 9% 27% 27% 27%

67,074,040 195,437 2,614,135 1% 1% 1% 28% 28% 28%

883,308 2,651 35,447 -85% -85% -85% -99% -99% -99%

13,993,956 24 477,808 61% 61% 61% 1941% 1941% 1941%

25,108,459,713 6,545,893 238,223,930 1% 2% 1% -4% -42% -3%

104,170,759 5,251,046 103,671,556 -6% -6% -6% 73% 73% 73%

4,861,229,054 566,192 11,097,814 -9% -1% -9% -35% -54% -48%

91,876,877 249,168 3,390,522 9% 9% 9% 27% 27% 27%

14,451,343 42,005 563,225 1% 1% 1% 28% 28% 28%

68,207 204 2,737 -85% -85% -85% -99% -99% -99%

2,484,226 4 84,821 61% 61% 61% 1941% 1941% 1941%

9,146,721,603 2,384,593 86,782,224 1% 3% 1% 4% -37% 5%

26,155,341 1,315,824 26,030,000 -2% -2% -2% 45% 45% 45%

1,458,368,718 169,858 3,329,344 -9% -1% -9% -35% -54% -48%

541,314 253,754 - -2% -2% 0% 22% 22% 0%

20,094,018,685 12,417,680 188,179,571 0% 0% 0% 4% -4% -2%

507,215,343 402,454 5,914,422 0% 0% 0% 4% 4% 4%

657,691,524 1,470,944 20,461,236 0% 0% 0% 4% 4% 3%

305,464,091 586,830 8,714,849 4% 0% 1% -12% -15% -9%

2,128,891,161 555,012 20,198,484 -2% 0% -2% -4% -42% -3%

5,028,922 13,615 186,093 -8% -8% -8% -3% -3% -3%

33,364,727 91,353 1,231,255 32% 32% 32% 83% 83% 83%

50,226 0.1 1,715 11% 11% 11%

- - - -100% -100% -100%

974,354 2,533 35,096 -4% -4% -4% 4% 4% 4%

5,523,363 1,505,130 - 0% 0% 0% -26% -26% 0%

619,722 117,375 - 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

4,157 103,924 - -29% -29% 0% -36% -36% 0%

240 71,552 - -4% -4% 0% -16% -16% 0%

52,104,773 1,116,785,448 0% 0% -15% 3%

City Government GHG Emissions Summary

CITYWIDE GHG EMISSIONS SUMMARY

1.5 °

52 | | 53

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

CITY GOVERNMENT GHG EMISSIONS SUMMARY

FY 2006 FY 2015

OCt demusnoC stinU rotceS

e Source Mmbtu Consumed tCO

e Source Mmbtu

BUILDINGS

retil lio leuf 2# 56,816,067 154,467 2,096,677 78,897,011 214,499 2,911,527

retil lio leuf 4# 32,426,496 94,482 1,263,786 69,193,895 201,613 2,696,754

retil lio leuf 6# 75,041,558 225,248 3,011,422 9,042,569 27,143 362,879

retil leseidoiB - - - 8,391,778 102 286,528

hWk yticirtcelE 3,199,648,988 1,209,240 29,041,147 3,295,468,753 846,999 31,266,734

retil enesoreK - - - 93,092 250 3,445

JG sag larutaN 11,068,300 557,932 11,015,259 12,523,395 631,280 12,463,381

retil enaporP 4,086,926 6,095 99,310 119,359 178 2,900

gk maetS 781,066,529 104,024 1,904,376 985,295,718 105,574 2,168,698

TRANSPORTATION

retil enilosaG 51,838,820 122,621 1,728,914 41,594,920 98,390 1,387,262

retil lonahtE 5,972,192 - 134,695 4,622,552 535 104,256

retil skcurt - leseiD 60,061,625 161,136 2,222,552 60,530,889 162,396 2,239,917

Biodiesel - trucks liter - - - 6,595,968 8 225,212

Diesel - marine vessels liter 18,247,504 49,962 673,386 25,107,072 68,744 926,523

retil leuf teJ 933,093 2,426 33,610 942,008 2,449 33,931

STREETLIGHTS AND TRAFFIC SIGNALS

hWk yticirtcelE 306,246,001 115,739 2,779,597 201,195,422 51,711 1,908,901

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

retil lio leuf 1# - - - 5,364 14 198

retil lio leuf 2# 18,314,093 49,667 675,843 12,776,429 34,649 471,487

retil lio leuf 4# 1,129,823 3,284 44,034 - - -

hWk yticirtcelE 596,089,952 225,280 5,410,323 692,309,021 177,937 6,568,486

retil sag larutaN 380,655 19,150 378,831 622,039 31,294 619,058

gk maetS 106,123,696 14,134 258,748 37,549,979 4,023 82,650

HC gM enahteM

7,068 176,698 - 5,597 139,913 -

N gM edixo suortiN

O 268 79,916 - 253 75,523 -

WATER SUPPLY

retil lio leuf 2# 234,386 637 8,650 1,000,355 2,720 36,916

retil leseidoiB - - - 45,854 0 1,566

hWk yticirtcelE 23,253,033 8,788 211,053 77,505,486 19,920 735,356

JG sag larutaN 2,921 147 2,907 97,449 4,902 96,982

retil enaporP - - - 4,919,859 7,337 119,550

SOLID WASTE FACILITIES

HC gM enahteM

9,969 249,217 - 2,975 74,386 -

FUGITIVE AND PROCESS EMISSIONS

HFCs - municipal vehicle fleet kg 8,722 12,513 - 8,377 12,019 -

TOTALS

3,642,804 62,995,119

2,996,507 67,721,097

FY 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2006

Consumed tCO

e Source Mmbtu Consumed tCO

e Source Mmbtu

45,134,897 122,709 1,665,608 -43% -43% -43% -21% -21% -21%

48,817,617 142,242 1,902,611 -29% -29% -29% 51% 51% 51%

161,657 485 6,487 -98% -98% -98% -100% -100% -100%

4,476,246 55 152,836 -47% -47% -47% - - -

3,226,157,023 841,074 30,609,118 -2% -1% -2% 1% -30% 5%

- - - -100% -100% -100% - - -

11,665,695 588,045 11,609,791 -7% -7% -7% 5% 5% 5%

81,617 122 1,983 -32% -32% -32% -98% -98% -98%

852,003,172 99,234 1,875,313 -14% -6% -14% 9% -5% -2%

41,337,886 97,782 1,378,690 -1% -1% -1% -20% -20% -20%

4,595,587 532 103,648 -1% -1% -1% -23% - -23%

58,202,933 156,150 2,153,772 -4% -4% -4% -3% -3% -3%

7,205,312 9 246,017 9% 9% 9% - - -

33,352,496 91,320 1,230,803 33% 33% 33% 83% 83% 83%

1,036,695 2,695 37,342 10% 10% 10% 11% 11% 11%

198,573,670 51,769 1,884,026 -1% 0% -1% -35% -55% -32%

780 2 29 -85% -85% -85% - - -

8,880,845 24,085 327,729 -30% -30% -30% -52% -52% -52%

- - - - - - -100% -100% -100%

704,714,618 183,722 6,686,188 2% 3% 2% 18% -18% 24%

636,928 32,043 633,875 2% 2% 2% 67% 67% 67%

27,779,558 3,236 61,145 -26% -20% -26% -74% -77% -76%

4,540 113,504 - 0% -19% 0% 0% -36% 0%

242 72,011 - 0% -5% 0% 0% -10% 0%

714,742 1,943 26,376 -29% -29% -29% 205% 205% 205%

28,528 0 974 -38% -38% -38% - - -

48,390,034 12,616 459,115 -38% -37% -38% 108% 44% 118%

96,095 4,834 95,635 -1% -1% -1% 3190% 3190% 3190%

4,064,234 6,061 98,759 -17% -17% -17% - - -

3,302 82,555 - 0% 11% 0% 0% -67% 0%

9,157 13,393 - 0% 11% 0% 0% 7% 0%

2,744,226 63,247,871

-8% -7%

-25% 0%

1.5 °

54 | | 55

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

FUEL EMISSION FACTORS

ELECTRICITY EMISSION FACTORS

1.5 °

56 | | 57

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

STEAM EMISSION FACTORS

HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS

1.5 °

58 | | 59

ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

Appendix IV - Methodology

80 x 50 METHODOLOGY

This plan drew on the extensive analysis and stakeholder

engagement conducted to produce the

Roadmap to 80 x

. For more on the 80 x 50 methodology,

see nyc.gov/80x50

To develop this plan, and identify opportunities to

accelerate GHG reductions, climate actions with

the greatest potential for GHG emissions reduction

were identiﬁed from the

Roadmap to 80 x 50

and

through additional discussions with City agencies and

stakeholders.

Each of the actions was further evaluated in order to

develop a list of priority commitments for the City to

take by 2020. This prioritization was based ﬁrst on GHG

mitigation. The second round of prioritization focused

on the risk reduction achieved through adaptation and

resiliency, as well as additional beneﬁt potential — e.g. job

creation, equity, and health improvements. While NYC’s

mitigation work aims to reduce the eﬀects of climate

change by reducing GHG emissions, our adaptation and

resiliency work prepares NYC for the climate-related

impacts we are likely to face. Additional prioritization

considerations included necessary investment and

feasibility.

THE 2020 CLIMATE ACTIONS

DASHBOARD

The dashboard provides information about action

implementation and impacts, including the responsible

City agency to lead implementation, GHG reduction

potential, anticipated level of investment, and additional

beneﬁt potential.

GHG ASSESSMENT

Climate actions were identiﬁed through the strategies

presented in the

Roadmap to 80 x 50

and through

additional discussions with city agencies and stakeholders.

Actions were considered based on the near- and long-

term GHG reduction potential, as well as the ability to

enable or accelerate implementation of actions with high

GHG reduction potential, and the ability to accelerate

or multiply the GHG reductions of other actions. The

potential GHG reduction for each action was evaluated

independently, based on the information collected and

analyzed during the

Roadmap to 80 x 50

analysis process.

The GHG prioritization methodology is based on the total

GHG emissions reduction potential (metric tons of CO2e)

of each of the actions. Actions that cannot be quantiﬁed by

GHG emission reduction potential were prioritized where

the action is essential for or enables major GHG emission

reducing actions and where the action accelerates or has a

multiplying eﬀect on other major actions.

The resulting GHG emission savings for each major

actions are estimated in year 2030:

BENEFIT ASSESSMENT

The potential beneﬁts of actions were evaluated using

the four guiding OneNYC visions — growth, equity,

sustainability, and resiliency. The evaluation of the

actions’ potential beneﬁts was conducted using a

qualitative approach based on expert knowledge, as well

as the assessment of ﬁndings gathered from a literature

review across a number of high-quality sources, namely,

academic papers from peer-reviewed journals and industry

reports.

Framing questions were further developed through

stakeholder outreach and agency representation during

the development of the

Roadmap to 80 x 50

to better

assess beneﬁt potential, especially where there was not

consensus in scientiﬁc literature on the impact of an

action for a speciﬁc beneﬁt, the quality of the impact could

not be determined without taking into account other

external conditions, or the success of the action heavily

depended on local- and context-speciﬁc factors.

Beneﬁt potential was categorized as neutral, moderate,

or major based on answers to the framing questions.

A “major” beneﬁt potential was assessed if there were

multiple potential positive impacts within a given beneﬁt

category (for example, improved air quality and improved

access to green spaces within the Health & Wellbeing

beneﬁt), the beneﬁt was signiﬁcant enough to serve as

a stand-alone rationale for action, or there was strong

justiﬁcation in the literature review or by experts within

each agency to suggest a major beneﬁt. A “neutral” beneﬁt

potential was assigned where there was no assessed

correlation between a given action and potential beneﬁt.

A “moderate” designation captured any actions falling in

between “major” and “neutral”.

ONENYC VISION: GROWTH

QUALITY JOBS

1. Could this generate new, quality jobs?

2. Could this lead to sustained, long-term job impacts?

3. Could this increase the median household income?

4. Could this increase access to quality jobs?

ECONOMY AND INNOVATION

1. Could this unlock private sector capital, technology

adoption, and/or innovation?

2. Could this support growth in innovation industries,

including green infrastructure, advanced

manufacturing; advertising, media, and arts;

biotechnology and life sciences; design; e-commerce;

and technology and information?

3. Could this increase the share of private sector jobs in

innovation industries?

4. Could this have a positive economic impact on local

businesses and for residents?

WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT

1. Could this improve workers’ skills?

2. Could this increase the number of NYC public school

graduates attaining professional certiﬁcations, or

technical, associates or bachelor’s degrees?

3. Could this increase the number of individuals

receiving City- sponsored, industry-focused training?

4. Could this increase workforce participation?

LONGTERM COST SAVINGS

1. Could this beneﬁt health outcomes and productivity,

leading to reduced citywide healthcare costs?

2. Could this mitigate the risk of property damage to

City infrastructure?

3. Could this lead to long-term energy savings?

4. Could this improve economic output/productivity by

decreasing transit times?

5. Could this improve economic output/productivity by

improving health and wellbeing?

ONENYC VISION: EQUITY

HEALTH AND WELLBEING

1. Could this improve outdoor air quality improvements

and reduce incidences of asthma, respiratory, and

cardiac problems?

2. Could this improve indoor air quality, ventilation, or

temperature?

3. Could this increase the comfort and mental health of

residents?

Moderate Reduction Potential

Up to 400,000 tCO

e by 2030

Greater than 400,000 tCO

e by 2030

Major Reduction Potential

Enabling, Accelerating or Multiplying Effect

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ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

4. Could there be improvements to the quality of indoor

spaces (e.g. reduction of toxins, integrated pest

management, mold)?

5. Could this reduce noise pollution?

6. Could this reduce light pollution?

7. Could this increase access to quality food?

8. Could this encourage active, healthy modes of travel?

Would this shift lead to a signiﬁcant increase in the

amount of physical activity?

9. Could this bolster quality of life by saving time?

10. Could this improve access to green and healthy spaces

or to community members?

11. Could this address health or environmental justice

disparities?

SAFETY

1. Could this improve ﬁre safety?

2. Could this improve safety during commutes and align

with Vision Zero?

3. Could this increase access to essential services like

hospitals?

4. Could this mitigate rising temperatures in the city

and not contribute to the urban heat island eﬀect?

5. Could this increase public safety?

AFFORDABILITY

1. Could this reduce the energy cost burden for renters

who pay a disproportionate amount of their monthly

pre-tax income on energy?

2. Could this improve aﬀordability for severely rent-

burdened households?

3. Could this limit displacement of residents and small

businesses when surrounding property values rise?

4. Could this increase energy price stability?

5. Could this address disparities in aﬀordability?

ACCESS

1. Could this expand access to walking and biking

paths, public transportation, clean energy, aﬀordable

housing, health, services, quality jobs, and other

beneﬁts?

2. Could this address historical disparities?

3. Could this increase nearby amenities and improve the

walkability of the area?

4. Could this address environmental health disparities

or promote environmental justice?

COMMUNITY

1. Could this action increase community participation?

2. Could this action build stronger communities?

ONENYC VISION: SUSTAINABILITY

LEAD BY EXAMPLE

1. Does this ensure the city is leading by example?

2. Could this inﬂuence actions led by another city, state,

or federal entity?

3. Could this increase public awareness of climate

change issues?

4. Could this lead to replicable legislation in other cities?

ONENYC VISION: RESILIENCY

RESILIENCY

1. Could this action mitigate climate change risks and

improve the city’s adaptive capacity?

2. Could this strengthen social cohesion in communities

and emergency preparedness and response networks?

3. Could this mitigate rising temperatures in city and

mitigate the urban heat island eﬀect?

4. Could this reduce heat risks for vulnerable

populations?

5. Could this increase the percentage of residents with

back-up generation?

6. Could this improve more rapid evacuation or

emergency response?

RELIABILITY

1. Could this increase fuel diversity?

2. Could this reduce peak electricity demand?

3. Could this bolster energy reliability that is essential to

keeping people safe during emergency events?

4. Could this increase the percent of residents with

backup generation?

5. Could this minimize disruptions to energy or mobility

services during emergencies or natural disasters?

NATURAL CAPITAL

1. Could this increase ecosystem services by preserving

and restoring land, protecting waterways, or

preventing sewage discharges?

2. Could this contribute to preservation of greenﬁelds,

prime wildlife habitat, or wetlands?

3. Could this increase the amount of permeable surface

cover?

4. Could this mitigate rising temperatures in city and

not contribute to the urban heat island eﬀect?

INTEGRATING ADAPTATION AND

RESILIENCY

With the current projections for global warming, NYC

faces urgent risks related to climate change including,

but not limited to, increasing average temperatures,

humidity, and precipitation; sea level rise, ﬂooding;

and an increasing frequency of more intense storms. In

addition to the potential to reduce GHG emissions, the

actions detailed in this report were assessed according to

their potential to improve the city’s resiliency to climate

change impacts. This assessment was completed through

a qualitative review during which experts identiﬁed and

prioritized actions based on their potential to increase

resilience, reliability, and natural capital. For example, by

installing more renewable energy and storage options, the

City will increase grid diversiﬁcation, leading to increased

ﬂexibility during grid operations and emergency response.

The over $20 billion the City is investing thorugh its

citywide resiliency program presents an opportunity to

foster new sectors, create jobs, and train the workforce

for a 21st century economy. Deep energy retroﬁts of the

city’s built infrastructure will also oﬀer opportunities to

integrate resilient features.

While the City works to reduce its own contributions

of GHG emissions through its 80 x 50 commitment, the

Mayor’s Oce is working across City government to adapt

the city to the inevitable eﬀects of climate change. The

Oce of Sustainability works hand-in-hand with the

Oce of Recovery and Resiliency to coordinate eﬀorts on

climate change mitigation and adaptation. In 2013, the

City released its comprehensive climate resilience plan

Stronger, More Resilient New York

that outlined a 10-

year program with 257 initiatives for adapting the city’s

buildings, infrastructure systems, waterfronts, and its

hardest-hit neighborhoods after Hurricane Sandy. With

the release of

One New York: The Plan for a Strong and

Just City (OneNYC)

in 2015, the City integrated its visions

for sustainability and resiliency with its visions for growth

and equity under its 10-year strategic plan. Through

OneNYC

, the City continues to deliver on these resiliency

initiatives in order to ensure that our neighborhoods,

economy, and public services will be ready to withstand

and emerge stronger from the impacts of climate change

and other 21st century threats.

Major resiliency accomplishments to-date include: (1)

working with the New York City Panel on Climate Change

(NPCC) in 2015 to produce projections for climate change

through 2100; (2) securing an agreement with the Federal

Emergency Management Agency to revise the city’s

ﬂood maps to reﬂect both current and future climate

risks, saving residents tens of millions of dollars in ﬂood

insurance premiums; (3) providing $1.77 million in micro-

grants and risks assessments for small business resiliency

retroﬁts; (4) launching Cool Neighborhoods NYC to

address the mitigation of and adaptation to the urban heat

island eﬀect in targeted, heat-vulnerable neighborhoods;

and (5) releasing preliminary climate resiliency design

guidelines to institutionalize resiliency across the City’s

capital program. More information on the City’s ongoing

and completed resiliency projects can be found at

nyc.gov/onenyc.

NECESSARY INVESTMENT AND

FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT

Investments necessary for each of the actions were

identiﬁed by evaluating operating and capital investments

required by City agencies, State agencies, and the private

sector through 2030. The magnitude and the timeline for

these investments were estimated based on information

provided by relevant agencies, stakeholders, and research.

For each action, necessary investments were estimated

across City Capital, Expense, Personnel, and Non-City

investments. Non-City investments included high-level

assessments across the private sector, NY State, federal

government, and utility ratepayers. The City’s agencies

and outside experts were consulted and supported by a

literature review process in order to accurately estimate

investments necessary for each action. Necessary

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ALIGNING NEW YORK CITY WITH THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT

1. Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change

2. New York City Community Districts were ranked

by: (1) the total number of cyclists killed and severely

injured (KSI; 2010 - 2014) and also ranked by (2) the

percentage of streets with a protected or conventional

bicycle lane (as of end of 2016). The two ranking

systems were overlayed to identify the Priority Bicycle

Districts, those that are high in cyclist KSI and low or

medium in bicycle network coverage

This report and inventory were produced by the NYC

Mayor’s Oce of Sustainability.

The City of New York would like to thank the following for

their valuable assistance: all New York City agencies, C40,

BuroHappold Engineering, Solar One, the New York State

Energy Research and Development Authority, Con Edison

Company of New York, the Long Island Power Authority,

the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, National Grid,

New Jersey Transit, the New York Power Authority, and the

Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.

Cover photo: Julienne Schaer, 2014

Page 4: Julienne Schaer, 2015

Page 13: Mayoral Photography Oce, 2017

Page 15: NYC&Co, 2015

Page 25: Kate Glicksberg, 2016

Page 27: Julienne Schaer, 2016

Page 29: NYC&Co, 2014

Page 29 (inset): Michael Appleton, 2017

Page 41: Wes Tarca, 2016

ENDNOTESACKNOWLEDGMENTS

PHOTO CREDITS

investments are characterized by four tranches — under

$10 million, $10 to $100 million, $100 million to $1 billion,

and over $1 billion. Estimates were calculated to include

investments necessary through 2030, where possible. Non-

city investments were not estimated for advocacy oriented

actions.

The feasibility of actions was assessed based on the

action’s stage in its life cycle, e.g. existing actions, actions

slated for expansion, and new actions; the City’s ability to

directly implement (City-lead or non-City-lead); ease of

funding, e.g. whether an action may be adopted quickly

with precedents for funding at scale, or faces funding or

ﬁnancing barriers, such as long time horizons for return

on investment, multiple stakeholder involvement, or many

approvals necessary.

ACRONYMS

80 x 50

80 percent reduction in GHG by 2050

from 2005 levels

BAU Business as usual

CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent

DER Distributed energy resource

EV Electric vehicle

GHG Greenhouse gas

HVI Heat Vulnerability Index

IAQ Indoor air quality

KSI Killed or severely injured

MtCO

Million metric tons of carbon dioxide

equivalent

MW Megawatts

NYISO

New York Independent System

Operator

PACE Property Assessed Clean Energy

PM2.5

Particulate matter smaller than 2.5

microns in diameter

PV Photovoltaic

tCO

e Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

VMT Vehicle miles traveled

LEAD NYC AGENCIES

DCAS

Department of Citywide Administrative

Services

DCP Department of City Planning

DEP

Department of Environmental

Protection

DOB Department of Buildings

DOT Department of Transportation

DSNY Department of Sanitation, New York

EDC Economic Development Corporation

MOS Mayor’s Office of Sustainability

NYCHA New York City Housing Authority

ORR

Mayor’s Office of Recovery and

Resiliency

SBS Small Business Services