Broward County Bar Association Barrister
June 2013 | 19
“If I don’t talk to the police, they’ll
think I’m guilty.”
“If your client is innocent, why
won’t he speak to us?”
“I’m sorry Jon, I know I should
not have talked to the FBI, but I re-
ally didn’t say all that much….How
long?....Oh, I don’t know, maybe
four hours.”
Real people, real conversations,
real consequences. So how can you
keep this from happening and why
must you counsel your clients not to
speak to agents or investigators with-
out consulting with an attorney rst?
The answer to the “why” question
is actually the solution to the “how”
problem. If you can explain to your
clients why even innocent people
should not speak to the authorities
without consulting counsel rst, you
may be able to convince them to fol-
low your advice.
First, the Supreme Court itself has
recognized that the right to remain
silent protects the innocent as well
as the guilty. In Ullman v. United
States, Justice Frankfurter wrote,
“[T]oo many, even those who should
be better advised, view this privilege
as a shelter for wrongdoers. They too
readily assume that those who invoke
it are either guilty of crime or commit
perjury in claiming the privilege.” In
fact, as Justice Clark later pointed
out, “[T]he privilege serves to protect
the innocent who otherwise might be
ensnared by ambiguous circumstanc-
es.”
Martha Stewart is the perfect ex-
ample of how an innocent person can
go to jail by speaking to the authori-
ties. Martha Stewart was suspected
of insider trading. However, in actual
fact she committed no such crime (or
at least not one that the government
could prove). During the course of
the government’s investigation, she
agreed to speak to the prosecutors.
Thereafter, Ms. Stewart, who had
been a stockbroker long before she
became a media mogul, spoke to the
prosecutors and told a b. The rest is
history. She was indicted for making
a false statement and sent to prison
for three months. Why did she lie?
Maybe because she thought she had
broken the law and was afraid that
a truthful answer could hurt her. Or,
maybe because she panicked and was
afraid the inquiry would lead to evi-
dence of a different crime. Even the
most sophisticated businessperson
can be undone by questions from an
experienced prosecutor. But lie she
did.
There are many situations where
defense counsel will agree to permit
a client to be interviewed by the au-
thorities. Such decisions are never
taken lightly and should only be
made after a thorough investigation
and a discussion of the risks and ben-
ets of such an interview. Moreover,
as demonstrated in the Martha Stew-
art case, counsel can only warn their
clients of the consequences of lying.
A client that thinks he or she can fool
a federal prosecutor and his agents is
in for a very rude surprise. Moreover,
in Ms. Stewart’s case, her attorneys
were present and there was no dis-
pute about what she said. But that is
the exception. Most encounters with
law enforcement happen at a person’s
home or ofce and they are never re-
corded. This creates huge problems
for defense counsel and great oppor-
tunities for the state.
Explain to your client that an agent’s
worldview is shaped by repeated en-
counters with criminals. Some agents
approach every interview with a pre-
existing notion that a suspect must be
guilty. Even if she is acting in good
faith, human beings are not recording
devices. The agent may misunder-
stand an answer to a question or 18
months later have to gure out what
she wrote on her report in handwrit-
ing she can barely decipher.
Finally, you need to explain to your
clients that no matter how friendly a
government agent seems, she is not
your client’s friend. She has a job to
do and will bury your client if need
be. Also, no matter how threatening
an agent seems, insisting on speaking
with counsel will not make any situ-
ation worse. If the client did some-
thing wrong, there is no way he can
talk himself out of the problem and
if the client did nothing wrong there
are about a million ways speaking to
the authorities can get the client in
hot water. Bottom line: The best way
to stay out of trouble is to keep your
mouth shut and get good counsel.
Don’t Let Your Clients Speak to the
Authorities
Without Counsel
By Jon May
Jon May is a partner in
the Roetzel and Andress
Business Litigation
Practice Group where
he focuses on complex
white collar litigation
and regulatory matters.
He may be contacted at
954.759.2737 or by email
at jmay@ralaw.com. For
more information see
www.ralaw.com.