Your Rights When Receiving Mental Health Services in Michigan

When Receiving Mental Health Services in Michigan

MichiganDepartmentHealthandHumanServices

OfficeofRecipientRights

“Rights is

Everybody’s

Business”

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SECTION1:GENERALINORMATIONABOUTRIGHTS

Whenyoureceivementalhealthservices,Michigan'sMentalHealthCode,aswellasotherlaws,

safeguardyourrights.Staffareresponsibletoprotectyourrightswhentheyprovideservicestoyou.

Youareencouragedtoaskquestionsaboutyourtreatmentandaboutyourrightsandtomake

suggestionsthatyoufeel

areinyourbestinterest.Ifyoubelieveyourrightshavebeenviolated,you

shouldinformtheRightsOfficer/Advisoratthelocationwhereyouarereceivingservices.

Notice 

MentalHealthCodeSections706,706a

Whenyoumakearequestfor,orbegintoreceive,mentalhealthservices,youaretobegiven

informationabouttherightsguaranteedinChapters7and7AoftheCode.Thisbookletmeetsthat

requirementandprovidesyouasummaryoftheinformationandrightscontainedinthosechapters.

completecopyofChapters7and7Aareavailablefromyourservicesite.

Ifyoureceiveservicesfromacommunitymentalhealthservicesprogram,you,oryourfamily,should

alsobegivenapamphletcontaininginformationregardingavailableresources,advocacyandsupport

groups,andotherrelevantinformation,includinghowto

contactMichiganProtectionandAdvocacy

Services,Inc.

Competency 

MentalHealthCodeSection702

Justbecauseyoureceivementalhealthtrea tmentorservicesdoesnotmeanthatyouareincompetent.

Youstillhavetherighttohaveadriver'slicense,marr yanddivorce,makeawill,buyandsellproperty,

manageyourownaffairsanddecidemostthingsaboutyourlife.Youwillcontinueto

betreatedas

competentunlessacourthasdecidedthatyouarelegallyincompetentandhasappointedaguardian

foryou.

Aguardianisauthorizedbyajudgetomakecertaindecisionsforyou.Forsomepeople,aguardian

makesmajordecisions;forothers,theguardiandecidesonlythosespecific

thingslistedinacourtorder.

Ifyouhaveaguardianandyouthinkyoushouldbeabletomakemoredecisionsforyourself,oryou

thinkyoudon'tneedaguardian,orthatyouneedadifferentguardian,thenyou,orsomeoneonyour

behalf,maygotothecourt

andask(petition)forachangeofguardianship.

Consent

MentalHealthCodeSection100a[17];AdministrativeRule330.7003

YoumustgiveINFORMEDCONSENTinordertoreceivetreatmentortohaveconfidentialinformation

aboutyouprovidedtoothersbytheagencyfromwhichyouarereceivingservices.Inordertobeable

togiveinformedconsentyoumusthave:



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 KNOWLEDGE

Youmustbetoldabouttherisks,benefits,andavailablealternativ es toacourseoftreatmentor

medication.

 UNDERSTANDING

Youmustbeabletoreasonablyunderstandtheinformationyouaregivenincludingtherisks,

benefits,availableoptionsoralternatives,orotherconsequences.

Yourdecisiontoprovideconsentmust

beVOLUNTARY.Youshouldnotbeforcedorpressuredintoa

decision.Unlessyouareaminororhaveaguardian,thechoiceyoumakeshouldbeyourandyoursonly.

Thisconsentmusteither:

 Beinwritingandsignedbyyou,yourlegalrepresentative,or

 Beyourverbalagreementwhichiswitnessedandputinwritingbysomeonewhoisnottreating

youatthetime.

DignityandRespect

MentalHealthCodeSection704,711

Thelawrequiresallmentalhealthserviceproviderstoassurethatyouaretreatedwithdignityand

respect.Examplesofstaffnotshowingrespectincludecallingyounames,makingfunofyou,teasing,or

harassingyou.

YourFAMILYMEMBERSalsohavetherighttobetreatedwithdignityandrespect.In

addition,theymust

begiven:

Anopportunitytoprovideinformationaboutyoutoyourtreatingprofessionals.

Anopportunitytorequest,andreceive,generaleducationinformationaboutthenatureofmental

disorders,medicationsandtheirsideeffects.Informationaboutavailablesupportservices,

advocacygroups,financialassistance,andcopingstrategies.

FreedomfromAbuseandNeglect  

MentalHealthCodeSection722;AdministrativeRule330.7001,7035

WHENRECEIVINGMENTALHEALTHSERVICESYOUHAVETHERIGHTNOTTOBEPHYSICALLY,SEXUALLY,OR

OTHERWISEABUSEDANDTHERIGHTNOTTOBENEGLECTED

.ABUSEMAYTAKEMANYFORMS.IFASTAFFPERSON

MAKESANYPHYSICALCONTACTWITHYOUFORSEXUALPURPOSES

,ORIFYOUARESEXUALLYHARASSEDITISABUSE.IF

STAFFCAUSEYOUTOBEINJUREDINANYWAYORUSEUNREASONABLEFORCEINAPHYSICALMANAGEMENT

SITUATION

,ORCAUSEYOUEMOTIONALHARM,ITMAYBEABUSE.IFYOURFUNDSAREMISUSED,ITISABUSE.IFSTAFF

AREVERBALLYABUSIVETOYOU

,ITISABUSE.IFSTAFFFAILTODOSOMETHINGTHEYARESUPPOSEDTODOWHENTHEY

ARECARINGFORYOU

,ORIFTHEYSOMETHINGTHEYSHOULDN’TDOANDITRESULTSINHARMTOYOUORHASTHE

POTENTIALTOHARMYOU

,THENTHISMAYBENEGLECT.IFYOUFEELYOUHAVEBEENABUSEDOR

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NEGLECTED,ORSUSPECTANOTHERRECIPIENTHASBEEN,YOUSHOULDREPORTITIMMEDIATELYTO

ASTAFFPERSONANDTOYOURRECIPIENTRIGHTSOFFICER/ADVISOR.

Fingerprints,Photographs,Audiotape,Videotape,andUseofOne‐WayGlass

MentalHealthCodeSection724

Youhavetherightnottobefingerprin ted,photographed,recordedonaudioorvideo,orviewed

throughaone‐wayglassunlessyouoryourlegalrepresentativeagreeinwriting.

 Ifsomeonewantstophotograph,videotape,orrecordyouforeducational,informational,socialor

treatmentpurposes,thatpersonmustobtain

yourpermission.Ifyouobject,itwillnotbedone.

 Whentheyarenolongerneeded,orupondischarge,anyfingerprints,photographs,audiotapes,or

videotapesinyourrecordmusteitherbedestroyedorgiventoyou.

Whiledoinganinvestigationtodetermineifyourrightswereviolated,theRights

Officer/Advisormay

needtotakeyourpicture. ThiswillbekeptinyourconfidentialrecordsmaintainedintheRightsOffice.



Confidentiality

MentalHealthCodeSection748,946 

Youhavetherighttohaveinformationaboutyourmentalhealthtreatmentkeptprivate.Information

aboutyouandyourtreatmentcannotbegiventoanyoneexceptasrequiredorallowedbylaw.Listed

hereareexamplesofwhenconfidentialinformationmaybereleased:

 Ifalaworacourtorder

requiresyourrecordsbereleased.

 Ifyou,oryourlegalrepresentative,consents.

 Ifneededtogetbenefitsforyouortogetreimbursementforcostoftreatment.

 Ifitisneededforresearchorstatisticalpurposes,withcertainsafeguardsregarding

identification.

 Ifyoudieandyour

survivingspouseorothercloserelativeneedstheinformationto

applyforandreceivebenefits.

 Ifyoutellyourmentalhealthprofessionalthatyouaregoingtoharmanotherperson,

he/shemayhavetonotifythepoliceandthepersonwhoyouthreatentoharm.



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

AccesstoYourRecord

MentalHealthCodeSection748

Youhavetherighttoseeyourtreatmentrecord.Uponrequest,youoryourlegalrepresentativemay

readorgetacopyofallorpartofyourrecord.Theremaybeachargeforthecostofcopying.

Ifyouareanadultandthecourthasnotjudgedyou

incompetent(appointedaguardianforyou),

informationenteredinyourrecordafterMarch28,1996maynotbewithheldfromyouunderany

circumstances.

Ifyouaredeniedaccesstoyourrecord,you,orsomeoneonyourbehalf,mayappealthedecision.

Contactyourrightsofficer/advisorforinformationaboutthe

appealprocess.

Ifyou(oryourlegalrepresentative)believe(s) yourrecordcontainsincorrectinformation,youorthey

mayplaceastatementinyourrecordwhichcorrectsthatinformation.Youmaynotremovewhatis

alreadyintherecord.

EnvironmentalRights

MentalHealthCodeSection708

Youhavetherighttotreatmentinaplacewhichiscleanandsafe

Ifyouarereceivingservicesfromaresidentialprogram,theplacewhereyoulivemusthavegood

lighting,enoughheat,freshair,hotandcoldwater,abathroomwithprivacy,personalstoragespace.It

shouldalsobe

freefromunpleasantsmells.



CivilRights



MentalHealthCodeSection740;AdministrativeRule330.7009

Yourcivilrightsareprotectedeventhoughyouarereceivingmentalhealthservices.Youhavetheright

toaneducatio n,therighttovote

,andtherightnottobediscriminatedagainstbecauseof:age,color,

height,nationalorigin,sex,religion,race,weightorduetoaphysicalormentaldisability.

*InformationaboutregistrationandvotingmaybeobtainedfromtheOfficeofRecipientRights

Ifyou(orsomeoneonyourbehalf)believethatyouhavebeendiscriminatedagainst,acomplaintmay

befiledwiththeOfficeofRecipientRightsatanytime,evenwhenyouarenolongerreceivingservices.

Additionally,youmayfileadiscrimination complaintwitheitherthe:



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

MichiganDepartmentofCivilRights

110WestMichiganAvenue,Lansing,Michigan48913

VOICE:1‐800‐482‐3604



U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,OfficeforCivilRights

233N.MichiganAve.,Suite240,Chicago,IL60601

VOICE1‐312‐886‐2359FAX1‐312‐886‐1807TDD1‐312‐353‐5693

Tofilewitheitheroftheseagenciesyoumustwritetothemwithin180daysof

thetimethealleged

discriminationoccurred.Ifyouarestillnotsatisfied,youmayalsosueintheStateCircuitCourtorFederal

DistrictCourt.



Asapersonwithamentaldisability,youmayhaveadditionalprotectionsunderthefollowinglaws:



AmericanswithDisabilitiesAct(ADA)

FairHousingAmendments Act

CivilRightsofInstitutiona lizedPersonsAct



IndividualswithDisabilitiesEducationAct(IDEA)

RehabilitationAct,Section 504

MichiganDisabilityCivilRightsAct



TitleIIoftheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct(ADA)

TitleIIoftheADAprohibitsdiscriminationonthebasisofdisabilitybypublicentities.Itstatesthat

peoplewith

disabilitiescannotbedeniedservicesorparticipationinprogramsoractivitiesthatare

availabletopeoplewithoutdisabilities.IfyoufeelyourrightsunderTitleIIhavebeenviolatedbystate

orlocalgovernmentalagencies,youmayfileacomplaintwiththeDepartmentofJustice.Thismustbe

donewithin

180daysfromthedateofdiscrimination.Formoreinformation,ortofileacomplaint,

contacttheU.S.DepartmentofJustice,CivilRightsDivision,DisabilityRightsSection–1425NYAV,950

PennsylvaniaAvenue,NW,Washington,D.C.20530.YoumayalsocallVOICE:1‐800‐514‐0301orTTY:1‐

800‐514

‐0383,goonlinetowww.ada.gov/complaintorsendanemailto:[email protected].

TitleIIIoftheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct(ADA)

TitleIIIoftheADArequiresthatpublicaccommodationssuchasrestaurants,hotels,grocerystores,

retailstores,etc.,aswellasprivatelyownedtransportationsystems,beaccessibletoindividualswith

disabilities.IfyoufeelyourrightsunderTitleIIhavebeenviolatedyoumayfileacomplaintwiththe

DepartmentofJustice.Incertaincircumstancescasesmaybereferredtoamediationprogram

sponsoredbytheDepartment.Seetheaddressandphonenumbersgivenabove.TitleIIImayalsobe

enforced

throughaprivatelawsuit.

FairHousingAmendmentsAct

TheFairHousingAmendmentsActprohibitsdiscriminationbydirectprovidersofhousing,suchas

landlordsandrealestatecompaniesaswellasotherentities, suchasmunicipalities,banksorother

lendinginstitutionsandhomeowners’insurancecompanies.



IfyoufeelyourrightsunderthisActhave

beenviolated,youmayfileacomplaintwiththeU.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment.

Formoreinformationonfilingacomplaint,contacttheDepartmentofHousingandUrban

06/2016 Page6



Development,ChicagoRegionalOffice,RalphMetcalfeFederalBuilding,77WestJacksonBoulevard,

Chicago,Illinois60604,VOICE:1‐312‐353‐5680,orTTY:1‐312‐353‐7143.

CivilRightsofInstitutionalizedPersonsAct

UndertheCivilRightsofInstitutionalizedPersonsAct,theAttorneyGeneralmayinitiateacivilrights

lawsuitwhenthere

isreasonablecausetobelievethattheconditionsaresignificantenoughtosubject

residentstoseriousharmandtheyarepartofapatternorpracticeofdenyingresidents'constitutional

orfederalrightsincludingTitleIIoftheADAandSection504oftheRehabilitationAct.Tobringamatter

totheattentionoftheDepartmentofJustice,contacttheU.S. DepartmentofJustice,CivilRights

Division,950PennsylvaniaAveNW,Washington,D.C.20530,VOICE1‐877‐218‐5228.

IndividualswithDisabilitiesEducationAct

UndertheIndividualswithDisabilitiesEducationAct,ifaparentdisagreeswiththeproposedIEP,he/she

can

requestadueprocesshearingfromtheMichiganDepartmentofEducation.Tocontactthe



MichiganSpecialEducationMediationProgram(MSEMP)call1‐800‐RESOLVE,sendanemailto

[email protected],orcompleteanonlinerequestontheMSEMPwebsiteat:https://msemp.cenmi.org.

Thestateagency'sdecisioncanalsobeappealedtoa

stateorfederalcourt.Formoreinformationabout

thisactandyourrights,contacttheOfficeofSpecialEducationandRehabilitativeServices,U.S.

DepartmentofEducation,400MarylandAve.,SW,Washington,DC20202‐7100oryoumaycallVOICE:

1‐202‐245‐7468.

Section504oftheRehabilitationAct

Under

Section504oftheRehabilitatio nAct,noqualifiedindividualwithadisabilityintheUnitedStates

shallbeexcludedfrom,deniedthebenefitsof,orbesubjecttodiscriminationunderanyprogramor

activitythateitherreceivesfederalfinancialassistanceorisconductedbyanyexecutiveagencyorthe

U.S.Postal

Service.Ifyoufeelthatyouhavebeendiscriminatedagainstbyanagencyreceivingfederal

moneybasedondisability,youcanfilea504complaintwithanappropriateagencybycontacting

contactOfficeofCivilRights,U.S.DepartmentofEducation,400MarylandAve.SW,Washington,DC

20202‐1100,CustomerService:

800‐421‐3481,Fax:202‐453‐6012,TDD:877‐521‐2172,E‐mail:

[email protected],Web:http:www.ed.gov/ocr

ElliottLarsenActandPersonswithDisabilitiesCivilRightsAct

Ifyouarearecipientwhobelievesthatyouhavebeendiscriminatedagainstinyourjobbecause ofyour

race,gender,maritalstatus,etc.,

youareprotectedunderMichigan's“ElliottLarsenAct”.Ifyoubelieve

youhavebeendiscriminatedagainstbasedupondisability,youareprotectedunderMichigan’s

“Persons

withDisabilitiesCivilRightsAct”.Forinformationregardingeitheroftheselaws,ortofileacomplaint,

contacttheMichiganDepartmentofCivilRights,110W.MichiganAvenue,Suite800,Lansing,Michi gan 

48933,VOICE:1‐800‐482‐3604,TTY1‐877‐878‐8464goonlinetowww.michigan.gov/mdcrorsendan



emailtoMDCR‐INFO@michigan.gov.



06/2016 Page7



SECTIONII:TREATMENTRIGHTSINALLMENTALHEALTHSETTINGS

TreatmentandSupport

MentalHealthCodeSection705,707‐719,744;AdministrativeRule7029,7135

Youhavetheright:

 Tobetoldwhyyouarebeingtreatedandwhatyourtreatmentis.

 Toparticipateinthedevelo pmentofyourplanofserviceandtoinvolvefamilymembers,friends,

advocates,andprofessionalsofyourchoiceinthedevelopmentprocess.Justificationforthe

exclusionofa

personofyourchoicemustbedocumentedinyourcaserecord.

 Tohaveyourplanofservicedevelopedwithinsevendaysofcommencementofservicesorbefore

dischargeorreleaseifyouarehospitalizedlessthansevendays.

 Tochoose,withincertainlimitations,thephysicianorothermental

healthprofessionalstoprovide

servicesforyou,ifyoureceiveservicesfromacommunitymentalhealthservicesprogramora

licensedhospital.

 Tobeinformedofyourprogress,bothorallyandinwriting,atreasonableintervalsandinamanner

appropriatetoyourcondition.

 Tonothavesurgeryunless

consentisobtainedfromatleastoneofthefollowing:

You,ifyouareover18yearsoldanddonothaveaguardianformedicalpurposes,

Ifyouareunder18yearsofage,yourparentwithlegalandphysicalcustody,

Yourguardianwhohaslegalauthoritytoconsent

tosurgery,

Arepresentativeauthorizedtogiveconsentunderadurablepowerofattorneyorother

advancedirective,

OR

Ifyourlifeisthreatenedandthereisnottimetoobtainconsent,surgerymaybeperformed

withoutconsentafterthemedicalnecessityfortheprocedurehasbeendocumentedandthe

documentation

hasbeenenteredintoyourrecord.



Surgeryisnecessary,noappropriatepersoncanbefoundtogiveconsent,andtheprobatecourt

consentstothesurgery.

 Tobegivennoticeofavailablefamilyplanningandhealthinformationservicesand,ifyouask,to

havestaffprovidereferralassistanceto

providersoftheseservices.Yourreceiptofmentalhealth

servicesdoesnotdependinanywayonrequestingornotrequestingfamilyplanningorhealth

informationservices

 Tohavestaffhelpyougettreatmentbyspiritualmeansifyouaskforit.

 Toreceivetreatmentinaplacewhere

youhaveasmuchfreedomasyourconditionallows.

 Tonothaveelectroconvulsivetherapy(ECT)orotherproceduresintendedtoproduceconvulsions

orcoma,unlessconsentisobtainedfrom:

06/2016 Page8



You,ifyouareover18yearsoldanddonothaveaguardianformedicalpurposes,

Ifyouareunder18yearsofage,yourparentwithlegalandphysicalcustody,

YourguardianwhohaslegalauthoritytoconsenttoECT,

ArepresentativespecificallyauthorizedtoconsenttoECTunder

adurablepowerofattorneyor

otheradvancedirective.

 ToreceiveasecondopinionifyouhavebeendeniedservicesbymakingarequesttotheExecutive

DirectoroftheCommunityMentalHealthServicesProgram.



Person‐CenteredPlanning



 

MentalHealthCodeSection712

TheMentalHealthCoderequiresaperson‐centeredapproachtotheplanning,selection,anddeliveryof

thesupports,services,and/ortreatmentyoureceivefromthepublicmentalhealthsystem(community

mentalhealthprograms,psychiatrichospitals,andmentalhealthserviceprovidersund ercontractto

anyofthese).

Whatisperson‐centeredplanning?



Person‐centeredplanningmeansthetreatmentyoureceivewillbemadeupofactivitieswhichyouthink

willhelpyou,whichyouassistindeveloping,andwhichmeetyourgoals.Thisprocesswilldetermine the

supportsyouwantorneedtoachieveyourdesiredfuture.Thestaffinvolvedinyour

treatmentwill

encouragefeedbackfromyouaboutthesesupports,theprogressyouhavemade,andanychangesyou

thinkwouldmakeyourtreatmentmoreeffective.

Therearefourbasicpartsintheperson‐centeredprocess:

 Identifyingthefutureyoudesire.

Itisuptoyoutochoosetheindividualswho

willhelpidentifyyourfutureandhelpyouplanfor

it.Youwillbeapartofdecidingwhatinformationis,orisnot,sharedatthemeeting.Youwillbe

abletochoose,withinreason,thetimesandplaceyouwanttohavemeetingstoplanyour

treatment,to

decidethecontentofthemeetingsandhowlongtheywillbe.

 Planningthefutureyoudesire.

Meetingswhichareheldtoplanforyourfuturewillattempttodiscoverwhatisimportantto

you,toshareinformationaboutyourabilities,strengths,andskills,tolearnaboutyourneeds

06/2016 Page9



andtodecidewhichofyourdesiredgoalswillbeachievedintheshorttermandwhichwillneed

tobelong‐term.Then,youandthesupportteamwilldetermine thestrategiesforachieving

thesegoals.

 Findingthesupportsandservicesitwilltaketoachieveyourdesiredfuture.



Youwillbeabletousetheresourcesinyournetworkoffamily,friends,yourcommunity,and

thepublicmentalhealthsystemwhichmightbeavailabletoassistinachievingyourdesired

outcomes.Youwillbeabletochoose,fromavailableresources,thesupportsandservicestobe

delivered,and

helpdecidewhowilldowhat,when,andhow.

 Gettingregularfeedbackonyourtreatment.

Itisimportantforyoutoreceivefeedbackonyourprogress.Thisshouldbedoneby informally,

andregularly,discussingwithyourcasemanager(supportscoordinator)howsupportsand 

servicesarebeingdelivered,yoursatisfaction

withtheirdelivery,andprogresstowardyour

desiredoutcomes.Theinformationyouprovideshouldbeusedtomakeanynecessarychanges

inthesupportsandservicesyoureceive.

Youshouldalsohavetheopportunitytoformallyexpressyouropinionaboutsupportsandservicesyou

receivesothatimprovementsinservice

deliverycanbemadeforeveryone.

Inaddition,youalwayshavetherighttomakeformalcomplaintsabouthowyoursupportsandservices

weredeliveredoraboutanyofthepeoplewhomighthaveprovidedthem.ContactyourRights

Officer/Advisorifyouwouldliketodothis.

QuestionsYouMayWantToAskAboutPerson‐CenteredPlanning



Whomustattendtheperson‐centeredplanningmeeting?

You,andyourlegalrepresentative(aparentifyouareaminororguardian)andyoursupports

coordinator(casemanager). 

Whoalsomightbeincluded?

Youmaywanttoinvitefamilymembers,co‐workers,friends,ateacher,coach,staff,andother

people

whoknowyouwellandwithwhomyoufeelcomfortablesharingpersonalinformation.

Yoursupportscoordinator(casemanager)mayalsosuggestinvitinganurse,physicaltherapist,

ordirectcarestaff,whohasinformationtohelpinplanninganddecisionmaking.

Whatkindsofoutcomesarediscussed?

"Outcomes"mayinclude: 

Havingpositive

relationshipswithfamilymembers,

Participatingincommunityactivitiesandevents,

06/2016 Page10



Doingwhatyoufindmeaningfulandproductivewithyourday,(suchasgoingtoschool,

work,volunteering),

Livinginaplacealone,orhavingassistancefrompeopleyouchoose.

Aretherelimitstoperson‐centeredplanning?

Person‐centeredplanningdoesnotguaranteethatthesupports,services,and/ortreatmentnor

theamount

ofthemyoumightliketohavecanbeprovidedbythepublicmentalhealthsystem.

Whatisactuallyprovidedbythepublicmentalheal thsystemwilldependupontheavailable

resources(suchasfundingandstaffing),rules andregulationsthatgoverntheprogramor

fundingsystem,and/orthejudgment

oftheprogramadministrator(s)astofeasibility,

appropriateness,andsafetyofsuchsupport,service,ortreatment.



SECTIONIII:YOURRIGHTSWHENYOUAREBEINGADMITTEDOR

DISCHARGEDFROMAPSYCHIATRICHOSPITALORUNIT



VoluntaryAdmissionProcess



MentalHealthCodeSections410‐420

IfyouareadmittedtoapsychiatrichospitalorunitonaVOLUNTARYBASIS(youadmityourself),oryou

areadmittedbyapplicationofyourguardian(withyouragreement)youhavetheright:

 Togivewrittennoticeofyourintenttoleavethehospital.

Afteryouputyourrequestinwriting,youmustbedischargedwithinthree(3)days

(excludingSundayandholidays).However,

ifthehospitaldirectordeterminesyourequire

treatmentandpetitionsthecourtforyourinvoluntaryadmissionyoumustremaininthe

hospitaluntiladeterminationismadeaboutyourtreatmentbythecourt.

 Tobedischargedwhentreatmentiscompleteorwhenyounolongerneedtheservices.



Torequestasecondopinionifthecommunitymentalhealthservicesprogrampre‐admission

screeningunitdoesnotthinkyouneedtogointothehospital.





06/2016 Page11



InvoluntaryAdmissionProcess

MentalHealthCodeSections423‐450;498

IfyouareINVOLUNTARILYADMITTED(COURTORDERED)toapsychiatrichospitalorunit,youhavethe

followingrights:

 Tomakeatleasttwophonecalls.

 Toacopyoftheapplicationorpetitionsayingyourequiretreatmentandtocopiesofreportsbythe

doctorswhoexamineyou.

 Tohaveaphysicalandmental

examinationwithin24hoursafteryouareadmitted,andagainat

leastonceayear.

 Toawrittenstatementexplainingthatyouwillbeexaminedbyapsychiatristwithin24hoursafter

youareadmitted.

 Toawrittenstatementexplainingyourrights.

 Toafullcourthearing. 

 Toberepresentedbyanattorney.

 Tobepresentatthehearing.

 Toajurytrial.

 Toanindependentclini calexamination.

 Tohavestaff,ifyouwish,notifyyourfamilyofyouradmissiontothehospital.

 Ifthepolicetakeyouintoprotectivecustodyand

bringyoutoapreadmissionscreeningunit,to

havestaffofthatunitcompletetheirexaminationofyouwithintwo(2)hoursunlessthereisa

documentedmedicalreasonforthedelay.

 Tobeexaminedbytwo doctorsorbyapsychologistandapsychiatristtodeterminewhetheryou

needtobeadmitted.Oneoftheexaminationsmustbebyapsychiatristandthefirstexamination

maybedonebeforeyouarebroughttothehospital.

 Torefusemedicationbeforeyourcourthearingunlessaphysiciandecid esyouneedittoprevent

youfromphysicallyhurtingyourselforothers

orifyourlifeisindanger.Ifyouagreetomedication

ortreatmentbeforethecourthearing,thisdoesnotmeanthatyouareagreeingtothe

hospitalization.

 Tohaveanindependentmedicalexaminationbeforeyourfullcourthearing.

Within72hours(thisdoesnotincludeSundaysand

holidays)afterapetitionandclinicalcertification

havebeenfiledwiththecourt,youhave:

 Therighttomeetwithlegalcounsel,

 Therighttomeetwithatreatmentteammemberassignedbythehospitaldirector,

 Therighttomeetwithadesignatedcommunitymentalhealthworker,

 Therighttodesignateanindividualofyourchoicetomeetwithyouandthepeopleindicated

aboveforthepurposeofinformingyouof:

 Theproposedplanofserviceinthehospital.

 Theproposedplanofserviceinthecommunity.

 Thenatureandpossibleconsequencesof

theinvoluntaryhospitalizationprocess.

06/2016 Page12



 Therighttorequestthatyourcourthearingbe“deferred”(delayed)temporarily(60or90days).

Youwillbetreatedasavoluntarypatientduringthistime;however,youhavetherighttodemand

ahearingatanytimeduringthe“deferral”period.

Asaninvoluntary(court‐ordered)recipient,

YOUDONOTHAVETHERIGHTTOREFUSETREATMENT.However,

youdohavetherighttoaskquestionsaboutyourtreatment,participateinthedevel opmentofyour

planofservice,anddiscussitwithyourdoctororothermentalhealthprofessionals.Ifyouthinkyour

treatmentisnothelping ,youmayaskforareviewofyourtreatmentplan.



QuestionsYouMayWanttoAskAboutYourMedication

Ifyouaregivenmedicationbyyourdoctoryouwillneedtotakeitaccordingto

his/herinstructions.Listedbelowaresomequestionsyoumaywanttoaskofthe

doctorornursesothatyoucanhavetheinformationyouneedtomakeitas

effectiveaspossible.

Whydo

Ihavetotakethismedicine?

WhatwillhappenifIdonottakeit?

CanIbetreatedwithoutmedication?

BeforeIbegintakinganymedicineorevenifIamnottakingmedicine,canIhaveasecondopinion?

Whatisthenameofthemedicineprescribedfor

me?

Howisitsupposedtomakemefeel?Whatarethesideeffectsofthemedicine?Willitaffectany

othermedicalorphysicalproblemsIhave?

AretheresideeffectsIshouldreportimmediately?

IsitsimilartoordifferentfromthemedicineIwastakingbeforethis?

How

muchshouldItake?Howmanytimesaday?Whattimeofday?Beforeoraftermeals?

WhatwouldhappenifItooktoomuch?

IsitallrightifIdrinkalcoholorbeerwhentakingthismedicine?IsthereanyfoodorotherdrinkI

shouldavoid?

Are

thereothermedicinesIshouldavoidwhentakingthismedicine?

Willthismedicineaffectmyinterestand/ormyabilitytoparticipateinsex?

HowlongwillIneedtotakethismedicine?

IfItakethismedicineforalongtime,whatcanitdotome?

Whatistardivedyskinesia

(TD)?CanIgetTDfromtakingthismedicine?Cansomethingbedoneto

avoidthis?

Forwomeninchildbearingyears:

Willthisaffectmymenstrualperiods?

ShouldItakebirthcontrolpillswhiletakingthismedicine?

IfIgetpregnantwhiletakingthismedicine,couldithaveany

effectonmybaby?

ShouldItakeitwhilenursing?

ShouldIdriveoroperatemachinerywhiletakingthismedicine?

IsthereanythingelseIshouldknowaboutthismedicine?

Howoftenwillyoureviewwithmewhatthemedicineisdoing?

HowsoonwillIneedtotakethismedicine?



06/2016 Page13



CourtHearings



MentalHealthCodeSections452;463

Ifyouareadmittedtothehospitalinvoluntarily,youhavethefollowingrightsregardingcourthearings:

 Tohaveyourcourthearingpromptly,butnotmorethansevendays(thisdoesnotincludeSundays

orholidays)afterthecourtreceivestheapplication(petition).

 Tobepresentatallcourthearings.Duringthishearing,youhavetherighttoberepresentedbyan

attorney.Ifyoucannot

affordanattorney,thecourtwillappointoneforyou.Yourattorneymust

consultwithyou,inperson,atleast24hoursbeforethetimeset foryourcourthearing.(Youmay

choosetowaivetherighttoattendyourhearingbysigningawaiverwitnessedbyyourlegalcounsel

andfiledwiththecourt.)

 Todemandajurytrial.

 Topresentdocumentsandwitnessesandtocrossexaminewitnesses.

 Toobtain,atpublicexpenseifnecessary,anindependentclinicalevaluationbyaphysician, 

psychiatrist,orlicensedpsychologistofyourchoice.(Youmustrequestthisbeforethefirst



scheduledhearingoratthefirstscheduledhearingbeforethefirstwitnesshasbeensworn.)

 Toacopyofthecourtorder.



PeriodicReview

MentalHealthCodeSections482;485a

Ifyouhaveacourtorderforcontinuinginvoluntarytreatment,yo uhavetherighttoregular,adequate,

andpromptreviewsofyourstatus.Thesereviewsmustbedonesix (6)monthsfromthedateofthe

courtorderandeverysix(6)monthsfromthereon.

Resultsofthesereviewsmust

beprovidedtoyouwithinfivedaysfromthetimetheyaremadepartof

yourrecordandyoumustbeinformedofyourrighttopetitionfordischarge.

Ifyoudopetitionfordischargefollowingtheperiodicreview,youhavetherighttoahearing.Inaddition

tothat

hearing,youmaypetitionthecourtforadischargehearingoncewithineach12monthperiod

fromthedateoftheoriginalorder.If,afteranyofthesehearings,thecourtdeterminesthatyouno

longerrequiretreatment,youwillbedischarged.



06/2016 Page14



RightsofMinors 

MentalHealthCodeSection498m

Ifyouareaminor,14yearsofageorolder(between14and17),youhavetherighttoaskfor,and

receive,outpatientmentalhealthservices(notincludingpsychotro picmedicationorpregnancy

terminationreferralservices)withouttheconsentorknowledgeofyourparentorguardian.These

servicesarelimited

to12sessionsor4monthsforeachrequest.

Ifyouareaminor14yearsofageorolder(between14and17),youmaywritetothecourtwithin30

daysofyouradmissiontoobjecttoyourbeinghospitalized.Youmaydosoagainwithin30days

from

thetimeyoureceiveawrittenreviewfromtheclinicalstaffregardingyourneedforcontinued

hospitalization.

Ifyouareaminorofanyageandhavebeenhospitalizedformorethan7days,youmayinforma

hospitalstaffpersonofyourdesiretoobjecttoyourhospitalization.Someonefromthestaffisrequired

toassistyouinproperlyfilingyourobjectiontothehospitalization.Ifnoonedoesthis,thenasktosee

theRightsAdvisorwhowillhelpgetsomeonetoassistyou.

Ifyouare

re‐hospitalizedforlongerthan10daysunderacombinedhospitalization/alternative

treatmentorder,youmustbenotifiedofyourrighttofileanobjectiontothehospitalization.Ifyoudo

object,thecourtmustscheduleahearingtodeterminewhetheryoucontinuetobeapersonrequiring

treatment.



SECTIONIV:YOURRIGHTSWHENYOUARELIVINGIN

ARESIDENTIALORINPATIENTSETTING

TheMentalHealthCodeguaranteesthatrecipientsreceivinginpatientorresidentialserviceswillbe

assuredthatsomebasicrightsareprotected.Theserights maybelimitedduetothenatureofyour

treatment.Ifsuchlimitationsareimposed,theymustbeagreedtointheplanofservicebyyouor

your

legalrepresentative.Generalrestrictionsthatapplytoeveryone(suchasvisitinghours,propertyyou

maynothave,ortimesthetelephonemaybeused)canbeestablishedbyaresidenceorunit.These

restrictionsmustbepostedinaplacewheretheycanbeeasilyseen.

Mail 

MentalHealthCodeSection726

Youhavetherighttorecei veandsendmailwithoutanyoneelseopeningorreadingit.Ifyouhaveno

income,andifyouask,youwillbegivenwritingmaterialsandareasonablenu mberofstamps.



06/2016 Page15



Telephone

MentalHealthCodeSection726

Youhavetherighttotalkonthephone.Ifyouhavenoincome,areasonableamountoffundswillbe

providedsothatyoucanusethetelephone.

Visitors 

MentalHealthCodeSection715,726,748;AdministrativeRule7135

Youhavetherighttoseevisitorsofyourchoice.Youcanasktoseeyourowndoctor(ifyouhaveone)

orvisitwithyourminister,priest,rabbi,orspiritualcounseloratreasonabletimes.Youhavetherightto

talkwithyourattorney,acourt,orothers,aboutlegalmatters

withoutanylimitationsandatanytime.

EntertainmentMaterials,InformationandNews

MentalHealthCodeSection704;AdministrativeRule7139

Youhavetherighttowatchtelevision,haveanewspaperprovided,buymagazines,andbooksofyour

ownchoice,unlesslimitedbyyourplanofserviceorasgenerallyrestrictedbyprogramrules.

Religion

MentalHealthCodeSection704

Youhavetherighttopr acticeyourreligionorfaith.Youcannotbeforcedtogotoareligiouseventif

youdonotwantto,norcanyouberequiredtolistentoorwatchreligiousprogramsonradioorTV.

PersonalProperty

MentalHealthCodeSection728;AdministrativeRule7009

Youhavetherightto:

 Wearyourownclothesandkeepyourownthings.

 Inspectyourpersonalpropertyatreasonabletimes.

 Haveareceiptgiventoyou,andtoapersonyoudesignate,foryourpropertyheldbythe

facility.Unlessitisillegal,thispropertymustbe

returnedtoyouwhenyouaredischarged

 Haveareasonableamountofspacetostoreyourpersonalbelongings.

 Nothaveyourbelongingssearchedunlessthisispartofyourplanofserviceorunlessthereisa

goodreason;towatchifyourbelongingsaresearched;andto

havethereasonforthesearch

writteninyourrecord.

Yourplanofservicemayfurtherlimitthisrightforthefollowingreasons:

 Toprotectpropertyyoumayhavebroughtwithyoufromtheft,loss,ordestruction.

 Topreventyoufromphysicallyhurtingyourselforothers.

06/2016 Page16



You,andyourlegalrepresentative,shouldbetoldthereasonforthelimitationandthedateitexpires.

Money

MentalHealthCodeSections730‐736

Ifyouareinastate‐operatedpsychiatrichospital,youhavetherightto:

 Bepaidforworkyouagreetodoifyouareofferedwork.However,youwillnotbepaidforpersonal

housekeepingchores(suchasmakingyourownbed)orworkwhichispartofa

smallgroupliving

arrangement.

 Nothavemorethanhalfofanymoneyyouearnusedtopayforyourtreatment.

 Haveyourmoneykeptinanaccountinyournameatthefacilityandhaveeasyandreasonable

accesstothataccount.

 Tospendyourmoneyas

youwant.Facilityrulesmaylimittheamountofmoneyyoucanhaveon

youatanyonetime.

 Havemoneyintheaccountgiventoyouwhenyouaredischarged.

Theserightsmaybelimited

 IftheU.S.go vernmentsaysyouneedsomeonetohandlemoneyyoureceive

fromSocialSecurity

andhasassignedyouarepresentativepayee,or

 Ifyouhaveaconservatororguardianwhohastheauthoritytolimithowyouspendyourmoney.



FreedomofMovement

MentalHealthCodeSections740,742,744

Freedomofmovementisaright,notaprivilege.Thisrightcannotbelimitedorrestrictedmorethanis

necessarytoprovidementalhealthservicestoyou,topreventyoufrominjuringyourselforothers,orto

preventsubstantialpropertydamage.Ifyouareadmittedbyorderofacriminalcourt

oraretransferred

fromajailorprison,appropriatesecurityprecautionsmaybetaken.Iftherearelimitationsonyour

freedomofmovement,theexpectedlengthandthereasonsforthemmustbewrittenintoyourrecord.

Thelimitationsmustberemovedwhenthereasonsforthemnolongerexist.

Ifyouareinapsychiatrichospitalorlicensedchildcaringinstitution,youmayonlybeputinalocked

room(seclusion):

 Tokeepyoufromphysicallyhurtingothers.

 Tokeepyoufromcausingsubstantialpropertydamage.

Ifyouarearesidentinaninpatientorresidentialsetting, you

mayonlybephysicallyrestrainediffacility

licensurerulesallowand:

 Tokeepyoufromphysicallyhurtingyourselforothers.

 Tokeepyoufromcausingsubstantialpropertydamage.



06/2016 Page17



SECTIONV:RIGHTSOFPERSONSWHOARERECEIVINGTREATMENT

UNDERFORENSICPROVISIONSOFTHEMENTALHEALTHCODE

IncompetenttoStandTrial(IST) MentalHealthCodeSection330.2020‐.2044

IfyouareadmittedtoahospitalonanIST(IncompetenttoStandTrial)Orderyouareunderthe

jurisdictionofthecriminalcourt,nottheprobatecourtsystem.TheISTordermeansthatthecourthas

determinedthat,duetoyourmentalcondition,youareunabletounderstan dingthenature

andobject

oftheproceedingsagainstyouorofassistinginyourdefenseinarationalmanner.Thisordermaybe

validforupto15monthsduringwhichtimeyouwillreceivepsychiatrictreatment.Reevaluationofyour

competencewillbedonebyyourtreatingpsychiatristevery90daysand

areportwillbesubmittedto

thecriminalcourt.

NotGuiltybyReasonofInsanity(NGRI) MentalHealthCodeSection330.2050

IfyouarefoundtobeNotGuiltyofacriminalchargeduetoreasonsofinsanity(NotGuiltybyReasonof

InsanityorNGRI),youwillbesenttotheCenterforForensicPsychiatry,foraperiodofnotmorethan60

days,sothatyoucanbeevaluatedand

adeterminationmade astowhetheryouareapersonwho

requiresmentalhealthtreatment.IftheCenterdeterminesthatyoudorequirementalhealth

treatment,thecourtmay directtheprosecutortofileapetitionforinvoluntaryhospitalization.Ifthis

occurs,youwillhaveahearinginaprobate

courttodetermineifyouwillbeinvoluntarilyhospitalized

(SeeSectionIIIofthisbook).YouwillhavetostayattheForensicCenteruntiltheprobatecourthearing.

Ifapetitionforinvoluntaryhospitalizationisnotfiled,theprosecutorwillnotifytheCenterandyoushall

bedischarged.



SECTIONVI:THERECIPIENTRIGHTSCOMPLAINT

ANDAPPEALPROCESS

FilingaRecipientRightsComplaint

MentalHealthCodeSection776

Ifyoubelievethatanyrightlistedinthisbooklethasbeenviolated,you,orsomeoneonyourbehalf,

shouldfilearecipientrightscomplaint.YoumaydothisbycallingorvisitingtheRightsOffice,orby

completingarecipientrightscomplaintformandreturningittotheRights

Office.Copiesoftherights

complaintformareavailablewhereveryoureceiveservices,fromyourlocalrightsoffice,oronlineat

theOfficeofRecipientRightswebsite:www.michigan.gov/recipientrights;clickonthelinkRecipient

RightsComplaintForm.ThenameandtelephonenumberoftheRightsOfficer/Advisorforthisagency

06/2016 Page18



canbefoundonthebackofthisbookletandwillbeclearlypostedintheplaceyouarereceiving

treatment.

Yourcomplaintneedstocontain:

 AstatementtellingtheRightsOfficewhatyouarecomplainingabout;

 Whatright(s)youthinkhavebeenviolated;

 Whatyouthinkwill

resolveyourcomplaint.

IfyouwanthelpwritingyourcomplaintyourRightsOfficer/Advisorcanassistyou;youmayalsocontact

oneoftheadvocacyorganizationlistedinSectionVIIofthisbookforassistance.

InvestigatingYourComplaint

MentalHealthCodeSection776

Withinfive(5)businessdaysafterreceivingyourcomplaint,theRightsOfficewillsendyoualetter

whichtellsyouthatyourcomplaint wasreceivedaswellasacopyofthecomplaint.Thisletterwillalso

tellyouwhetheryourcomplaintisgoingtobeinvestigated.

IftheRightsOfficer/Advisor

investigatesyourcomplaint,he/shewilldecideifyourrightshavebeen

violatedand,ifnecessary,willrecommendappropriateactiontocorrecttheviolation.TheRights

Officer/Advisorshouldfinishinvestigatingyourcomplaintnolaterthan90daysafteritwasreceived.

Youwillgetawrittenstatusreportevery30days

untilcompletionoftheinvestigation.

Whentheinvestigationiscomplete,theRightsOfficer/AdvisorwillsubmitanInvestigativeReporttothe

AgencyDirector.Within10businessdaysafterreceivingthisreport,he/she willprovideyouwitha

writtenSummaryReport.

TheSummaryReportwilltellyouabouttheinvestigation,letyou

knowiftheRightsOfficedetermined

yourrightswereviolatedornot,andtellyouaboutanyrecommendationsmadebytheRightsOffice.If

itisdeterminedthattherewasarightsviolation,thisreportwillalsotellyouwhatactiontheDirector

hastaken,orwilltake,toresolve

yourcomplaint.Itwillalsoprovideyouwithinformationregardingthe

appealprocess.

AppealRights

MentalHealthCodeSections784‐786



LocalAppealsCommitteeReview

IfyouarenotsatisfiedwiththefindingsoftheRightsOffice,withtheactiontaken(ortheproposed

actionindicated),orifyouthinktheRightsOfficedidnotstart,orcomplete,theinvestigationinatimely

manner,youhavetherighttofileanappeal.Anappealmust

beinwritingandreceivedbythelocal

appealscommitteewithin45days.Informationonwheretofileyourappealwillbegiventoyouinthe

SummaryReportthatyoureceiveafteryourcomplaintisinvestigated.Ifyouwanthelpwritingyour

06/2016 Page19



appeal,yourRightsOfficer/Advisorcanassistyou;youmayalsocontactoneoftheadvocacy

organizationlistedinSectionVIIofthisbookforassistance.

Withinfive(5)businessdaysafterreceivingyourappeal,theappealscommitteewillreviewittoseeifit

meetstherequirements,andwillnotifyyou,

inwriting,whetherornotyourappealwasaccepted.This

committeethenhas25daystoreviewthecasefileprovidedbytheRightsOfficeandmakeadecisionon

yourappeal.Theymayaskyoutoprovidemoreinformation. Youwillreceivetheirwrittendecisionno

laterthanten

daysaftertheirmeeting.

SecondLevelAppeal–FindingsoftheRightsOffice

IfyourappealwasbaseduponyourbeliefthattheinvestigativefindingsoftheRightsOfficewerenot

consistentwiththefactsorrelevantlaws,rules,policies,orguidelines,andyouarenotsatisfiedwiththe

decisionofthelocalappealscommittee,youhave45moredaystofileawritten

appealtothenextlevel.

Thisshouldbesentto:MDCHLevel2Appeals,P.O.Box30807Lansing,MI48933.Informationonthis

processwillbeprovidedintheresponsefromthelocalappealscommittee.

IfyouarenotsatisfiedwiththeanswerfromtheLevel2Appeal,youmay

fileanappealwiththeCircuit

Courtinthecountywhereyoulive(orwiththeInghamCountyCircuitCourt).Youonlyhave21daysto

dothisandmayneedtohireanattorneytohelpyou.YourappealtotheCircuitCourtisbasedonthe

entirerecordof

yourappealwhichwasputtogetherbytheSecondLevelAppealreviewer.

SecondLevelAppeal–ActionTaken

Thereisnosecondlevelofappealifyourappealtothelocalcommitteehadtodowiththeactiontaken,

ornottaken,asaresultofyourcomplaint.Inthiscase,ifyouarenotsatisfiedwiththedecisionofthe

localappealscommittee,youmayfileanew

complaintagainsttheperson(theDirectoroftheAgency

fromwhichyoureceiveservices)whoissuedtheSummaryReport.

Mediation 

MentalHealthCodeSection788

AftertheinvestigationoftheRightsOfficeisfinished,youhavetherighttorequestmediationofyour

dispute.Mediationisvoluntaryforallparties.Themediationprocessinvolvesameetingbetweenyou,a

representativeoftheagencyprovidingyourservicesandapersonwhoistrainedtohelpresolve

complaints.Ifyoureachanagreement,youwillhavetosignastatementwhichstatesyouandthe

agencywillfollowtheagreement.Duringthemediationprocess,timeframesforappealsstop.

Therefore,ifmediation

isnotsuccessful,youwillstillhavetherighttopursueanappeal.Ifyouwishto

requestmediation,contactyourRightsOffice.



06/2016 Page20



SECTIONVII:ADVISORYGROUPSANDORGANIZATIONS

THATMAYALSOASSISTYOU

Thefollowinggroupsandorganizationsareavailabletoas sistyouinprotectingyourrightsasarecipientofmental

healthservices:

AssociationforChildren'sMentalHealth(ACMH)

6017W.St.JosephHwy.,Suite#200,Lansing,

Michigan48917

(517)372‐4016

Fax:(517)372‐4032

ParentLine:(888)ACMH‐KID(226‐

4543)

http://www.acmh‐mi.org/



TheARC‐Michigan

1325S.WashingtonAve.,Lansing,MI48910‐1652

(800)292‐7851or(517)487‐5426

Fax:(517)487‐0303

http://www.arcmi.org/



MichiganDisabilityRightsCoalition

3498EastLakeLansingRoad,Suite#100,East

Lansing,MI48823

(800)760‐4600or(517)333‐2477

Fax(517)333‐2677

http://www.copower.org/



MichiganProtection&AdvocacyService,Inc.

4095LegacyParkway,Suite#500,Lansing,MI48911

(800)288‐5923or(517)487‐1755

Fax:(517)487

‐0827TTY:517‐374‐4687

http://www.mpas.org/



NationalAllianceonMentalIllness(NAMI)‐

Michigan

401S.WashingtonSuite104

Lansing,MI48906

(800)331‐4264or(517)485‐4049

http://www.namimi.org/



UnitedCerebralPalsyofMichigan–UCPMichigan

3496LakeLansingRd.Suite170

EastLansing,MI48823

(800)828‐2714or(517)203‐1200

Fax:517.203.1203

email:[email protected]

http://ucpmichigan.org



Producedby:

MichiganDepartmentHealthandHumanServices

OfficeofRecipientRights

LewisCassBuilding

Lansing,MI.48933

Authorizedby:P.A.258of1974,asamended

“Rights is

Everybody’s

Business

www.Michigan.gov/recipientrights”

TO LEARN MORE ABOUT YOUR RIGHTS

ASK YOUR RIGHTS ADVISOR: