LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Updated April 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 3

HORTICULTURE STAFF ...................................................................................................... 3

MANAGEMENT APPROACH AND PLAN ORGANIZATION ................................ 3

MEDITERRANEAN COLLECTION ............................................................................ 5

FRONT ENTRANCE ............................................................................................................. 5

PAVILION .......................................................................................................................... 5

DRY BORDER ..................................................................................................................... 6

CHAPARRAL HILL .............................................................................................................. 7

NATIVE MEADOW .............................................................................................................. 7

CHANNEL ISLANDS ............................................................................................................ 8

CANARY ISLANDS .............................................................................................................. 9

CHILE ................................................................................................................................ 9

BAJA CALIFORNIA ........................................................................................................... 10

MEDITERRANEAN ROCKERY ............................................................................................ 10

AUSTRALIA ..................................................................................................................... 11

DESERT COLLECTION .............................................................................................. 11

GENERAL DESERT ............................................................................................................ 11

BAJA CALIFORNIA DESERT ............................................................................................... 12

SOUTH AFRICA ................................................................................................................ 12

MADAGASCAR ................................................................................................................. 13

MOJAVE DESERT ............................................................................................................ 14

SUCCULENT GARDEN ....................................................................................................... 14

SONORAN ........................................................................................................................ 15

WOODLAND COLLECTION ...................................................................................... 15

CONIFERS ........................................................................................................................ 15

REDWOODS ..................................................................................................................... 16

DRY PALM GROVE ........................................................................................................... 17

ANTIQUITIES ................................................................................................................... 17

DECIDUOUS WOODLAND ................................................................................................. 18

OMBU AREA .................................................................................................................... 19

THORN FOREST ................................................................................................................ 19

MOIST TRANSITION .......................................................................................................... 20

TROPICAL HILL ................................................................................................................ 20

FICUS .............................................................................................................................. 21

SUBTROPICAL .................................................................................................................. 22

CULTIVATED COLLECTION .................................................................................... 22

RARE FRUIT ..................................................................................................................... 22

ORCHARD LAWN ............................................................................................................. 23

PERENNIAL BED .............................................................................................................. 23

ROSE GARDEN ................................................................................................................. 24

HERITAGE HOUSE ............................................................................................................ 25

ORANGES/CITRUS ............................................................................................................ 25

AVOCADOS ...................................................................................................................... 26

CHILDREN’S GARDEN ...................................................................................................... 26

STONE/POME ORCHARD ................................................................................................... 27

FARM .............................................................................................................................. 28

NURSERY OPERATIONS ............................................................................................ 28

LAWNS ............................................................................................................................ 29

FLOWER FIELD............................................................................................................ 29

PONDS AND STREAMS ............................................................................................... 29

EAST SIDE/PERIMETER ............................................................................................ 29

DECOMPOSED GRANITE PATHS ............................................................................ 29

COMPOST ...................................................................................................................... 30

IRRIGATION ................................................................................................................. 30

EQUIPMENT .................................................................................................................. 30

WEEKENDS ................................................................................................................... 30

REGULAR TASKS ........................................................................................................ 30

APPENDIX 1 HORTICULTURAL CALENDAR ...................................................... 31

APPENDIX 2 COLLECTION MAP ............................................................................. 32

APPENDIX 3 ZONE MAP ............................................................................................ 33

Introduction - The plant collection at the Arboretum and Botanical Garden at Cal State Fullerton is the

essence of the arboretum and forms the foundation upon which all other activities are built and/or support.

The collection is one of the key factors in achieving our Level IV ArbNet Accreditation because it

contains many rare or threatened species, wild collected specimens and cultivars of historical

significance. Another important factor in achieving our accreditation is our vibrant nursery operation,

which plays a critical role in supporting the collection. Managing the collection and operating the nursery

is a complex endeavor. The purpose of this plan is to give a general description of the work performed by

the horticulture staff and volunteers in order to successfully manage the landscape and the unique

collection of plants it contains. This will provide insight to an outsider’s perspective who is unfamiliar

with these practices, but it can also be used by the horticulture staff for guidance in their work and

managing seasonal priorities.

Horticulture Staff – Comprised of a Living Collections Curator, full time Horticulturists and part time

Student Assistant Gardeners. There are also numerous volunteers who help perform all the necessary

horticultural activities. The horticulturists must be well rounded individuals who have experience or are

able to quickly learn the wide variety of tasks required to successfully manage the arboretum landscape.

The arboretum is full of a very wide range of plants that have various horticultural requirements and our

staff needs to be able to use their botanical and horticultural knowledge in order to interpret the plant

needs and provide the best management practices. Our horticulturists are enthusiastic, life-long learners

who are motivated to continually learn more about the collection and the best ways to care for it, which

may sometimes require innovative, experimental methods. They must also be able to lead student

assistants, peers, and volunteers through horticultural activities both in the garden and in the nursery.

Management approach and plan organization – In general the arboretum uses a naturalistic approach

to horticulture. Many zones within the arboretum were created to emulate their respective vegetation

types that exist in nature. Also, individual specimens are managed in such a way that allows them to

grow as naturally as possible while still maintaining a certain aesthetic. A slightly more formal approach

is used in event spaces and the Cultivated Collection. This plan gives a general description of the

horticultural activities that take place in each of the individual areas throughout the arboretum which are

divided by Collection and Zone. It is meant to be a living document that is continually edited and

updated in the same manner in which the arboretum itself changes over time. It is also designed to be a

functional document that briefly describes the general ideas behind the management of areas in the

arboretum without going in to great detail.

Collections – All areas of the garden can be organized into one of four major collections: Mediterranean,

Desert, Woodland and Cultivated. These collections correspond to the respective geographic location

and/or climate zone within the world where the plants from a given collection grow naturally.

Zones – Each of the four main collections can then be divided into several smaller collections, which are

referred to as zones. The zones contain plants from even more narrow geographic regions, taxonomic

classifications or just the plant growth habit. The zones are assigned to the horticulturists for their

focused areas of care. There is a total of 39 different zones. The following information is provided to

guide the care and management of each zone.

Accreditation Compliance – The plants listed in this section are the plants of highest priority in each

zone. The existence of these plants in our collection is the reason our collection meets the standards of

Level IV ArbNet Accreditation.

Management Priority – Zones are rated as high, medium or low priority based on their relative

importance, use and visitation. Zones used as formal event spaces or with important collections have a

high priority rating, whereas zones that are infrequently visited may have a low priority rating.

Management Intensity – Again, zones are rated as high, medium or low depending on the amount of

resources required to maintain the zone to the desired standard. Zones requiring consistent, perhaps

weekly, maintenance are rated as high, whereas zones that require infrequent maintenance are rated as

low.

Area Profile – A general description of the zone providing background information and distinguishing

characteristics, etc.

Special Priorities – Important plants, tasks and projects that require consistent attention. Propagation of

many of the plants in this section is a high priority.

Annual Care Plan – The regular tasks required to maintain an area arranged by season.

Weeds – Major weed problems that require special management.

Pests/Diseases – Any known pests or diseases that exist in an area and require special attention.

Curation – Curatorial plans and priorities within a given zone.

Long-term Projects – Plans and projects that can be performed within the annual operating budget by

Arboretum staff in addition to routine maintenance.

Unbudgeted Projects – Larger projects requiring additional funding sources and other outside resources.

Volunteer Support – Estimated number of volunteer hours dedicated to a zone annually.

MEDITERRANEAN COLLECTION

1. Mediterranean Collection

a. Zone - Front Entrance

i. Accreditation Compliance - Freylinia visseri

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - High

iv. Area Profile – Everything outside the front gate, front half of waterfall slope from

gate to nature center, west side of entry path from gate to second bridge. Collection

of plants from several different Mediterranean climate zones; gives visitors a little

taste of everything and is a good introduction to the arboretum with plants from

around the world. The west side of the path is a blend of conifers and other

woodland trees. We want this area well maintained since it is the first thing people

see when visiting the arboretum. Also, it is involved with many events, etc.

v. Special Priorities – Many Encephalartos lehmannii, and Strelitzia juncea,

Eremophila bignoniflora, Chrysanthemoides incana, Aloe plicatilis, Quercus

engelmannii, Andropogon glomeratus, ‘Fullerton Centennial’ rose

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Alder, Magnolia, Cercis, Chinese elm pruning

2. Spring – Trim Muhlenbergia, Encelia and Salvia radula; mulch, take

cuttings

3. Summer – Weeding, watering, pruning oaks in front, deadheading

4. Fall – Wildflower seed sowing, native and other subshrub pruning and clean

up, planting, ficus tree pruning, seed collection

vii. Weeds – Typical weeds throughout arboretum; bad infestation of Nothoscordum,

Commelina, and Vinca on west side of path; Veldt grass in and around

Chrysanthemoides. Control Encelia and Salvia radula as needed

viii. Pests/Diseases – N/A

ix. Curation – Many well-established trees and shrubs. Need to add more at the

subshrub and perennial/bulb layer. Develop plantings on the west side of entry path

and stream.

x. Long-term Projects – Connect existing irrigation control valves to the automated

system.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - Install irrigation for Chinese elm and gingko trees. Install

drought tolerant/native plantings among gingko trees. Consider planting more

climate-appropriate trees to replace gingko trees.

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

b. Zone – Pavilion

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - High

iv. Area Profile – Covers the beds surrounding the path from the Nature Center to the

Pavilion, the sycamore trees, the slope on the backside of the waterfall all the way

down to the Pavilion gate leading to the visitor parking lot. This area is planted

almost entirely with California native plants, but there are some plants from other

Mediterranean climates and the American Southwest. This area also includes large

container plants on the patio section. We want to keep it all well-maintained because

it is a formal event rental space (consistent raking, sweeping, etc.).

v. Special Priorities – The California sycamore trees in the Pavilion are very prominent

and these should be maintained with proper watering and pruning.

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Prune sycamore trees and other shrubs, reduce watering Uncarina

2. Spring – Cut back Muhlenbergia lindheimeri in early spring, adjust lights on

sycamore trees, rake out Deer grass (cut back if needed), take cuttings

3. Summer – Water, prune sycamores and adjust lights as needed, power wash

concrete/building as needed

4. Fall – Additional planting, shrub pruning/cut back native, cut back

Calylophus hard every 2-3 years

vii. Weeds – Bind weed among Deer grass around southern Pavilion. Nutsedge among

Calylophus and Gaillardia bordering the pervious walkway.

viii. Pests/Diseases – Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer in sycamore trees

ix. Curation - Consider different seasonal container plants and adding to the

salvia/encelia area north of classrooms. Fill in Carex tumulicola around sycamores.

Add tall perennials toward interior of Deer grass and White sage area.

x. Long-term Projects – Add deep watering tubes for sycamores

xi. Unbudgeted Projects – Connect existing irrigation control valves to the automated

system.

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

c. Zone – Dry Border

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – Includes the beds directly east of the Pavilion, along the maintenance

road. These beds contain mostly plants from Mediterranean climates, but also plants

from other dryland regions. This area is a small testing ground for us to install plants

that we want to keep an extra close eye on or that need extra care. Many of them are

new plants that we have not experienced before or know little about. It is also used

as a display area for plants that we grow for sales as well as mother stock for

propagation.

v. Special Priorities – There are a few Chilean plants to keep a close eye on and

propagate; Sphacele salviae, Flourensia thurifera, Bahia ambrosioides and Nolana

crassulifolia. Other plants to propagate include Cistus albidus, Nolina lindheimeri,

Garuleum pinnatifidum, Eriocephalus africanus, Centaurea gymnocarpa,

Trichodesma scottii, Yucca pallida.

vi. Annual Care Plan -

1. Winter – Take cuttings

2. Spring – Add mulch

3. Summer – Water once per week

4. Fall – Prune small shrubs, sow seeds, planting

vii. Weeds – Echium giganteum can become invasive, pockets of Nutsedge

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – Continue to add perennials and small shrubs. Consider testing some bulb

plantings.

x. Long-term Projects - Connect existing irrigation control valves to the automated

system.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects – These beds may change with the construction of the Friends

Terrace.

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

d. Zone – Chaparral Hill

i. Accreditation Compliance - Verbesina dissita, Mahonia nevinii, Nolina interrata,

Hazardia orcuttii

ii. Management Priority – High

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – An area bound by the Horticulture Office to the Channel Islands

Garden and the main path to the Nursery fence. Contains a collection of native plants

largely from the chaparral vegetation zone, but also coastal sage scrub (flat area

toward the south and west-facing slope) and oak woodland. This is an important area

for educational tours because it is an example of our native vegetation in the

surrounding mountains and the adaptations native plants have made in order to cope

with long periods of drought. The soil that created the hill was moved here from the

excavation for the CSUF Pollak Library. There are many mature trees and shrubs in

this area and the overall aesthetic is for it to look as natural as possible. Requires

minimal pruning to keep the paths clear, otherwise we allow the large shrubs to grow

naturally.

v. Special Priorities – Collection of native oak trees (nice Quercus lobata specimens);

keep paths clear and maintained for educational tours. Amorpha californica,

Romneya trichocalyx

vi. Annual Care Plan -

1. Winter – Weeding, take cuttings

2. Spring – Mulch as needed, take cuttings

3. Summer – Monitor pathways, collect seeds

4. Fall – Sow wildflower seed, annual cutbacks, clean-up and planting

vii. Weeds – Conyza and mustard; oak seedlings

viii. Pests/Diseases – Keep an eye on oak health; we have had a few trees die.

ix. Curation – Add local Ceanothus species. Propagate and plant more Verbisina

dissita, Mahonia nevinii, and Nolina interrata. Increase diversity of northern slope

by clearing weed trees and adding a more diverse collection. Increase diversity of

west-facing slope, which is the Coastal Sage Scrub area. Add rare and threatened

species from Orange County. Dudleya spp., Styrax redivivus, Garrya elliptica,

Arctostphylos spp.

x. Long-term Projects – Replace irrigation system spray nozzles with rotating nozzles.

Find mystery valves.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects –

xii. Volunteer Support - 158 volunteer hours per year.

e. Zone – Native Meadow

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity – Medium

iv. Area Profile – Dominated by grasses, sedges and other perennials as well as many

annual wildflowers that are all native to California. There are several fruit trees

growing along the perimeter adjacent to the community garden plots; warm season

grasses and sedges are planted among the trees. Our meadow emulates the typical

grasslands found in California’s Mediterranean climate; the growing season begins in

November (when we begin to receive rainfall) and ends in May or June (when we

begin our dry summers). The meadow lies dormant from July through November.

Wildflowers provide a beautiful display in the spring from March to May.

v. Special Priorities - There are many bulbs planted along the roadside including

Bloomeria crocea, Dichelostemma capitata, and Calochortus splendens. Soap plant,

Chlorogalum pomeridianum, is scattered throughout the meadow. The California

state grass, Purple needlegrass (Nasella pulchra), and the state flower California

Poppy are both present in the meadow.

vi. Annual Care Plan -

1. Winter – Water as needed if it does not rain, control weeds as needed, spray

gravel paths with herbicide

2. Spring – Water as needed until the end of May, weeding as needed

3. Summer – Dormant season, water the fruit trees adjacent to the community

gardens

4. Fall – Perform major clean up and cut backs in October, sow wildflower

seeds at the beginning of November, begin watering in November if it does

not rain

vii. Weeds – Veldt grass, Amsinckia

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – Add more bulbs and perennials; Delphinium cardinale, D. parishii,

Fritillaria biflora, Calochortus weedii var. intermedius, Allium munzii, Brodiaea

filifolia

x. Long-term Projects – N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

f. Zone - Channel Islands

i. Accreditation Compliance - Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp. aspleniifolius, Triteliea

clementina, Quercus pacifica, Arctostaphylos catalinae, Dendromecon harfordii,

Crossosoma californicum, Ceanothus megacarpus var. insularis, Malva occidentalis,

Bergerocactus emoryi

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is bordered by the Nursery to the north, Chaparral Hill to

the west, Canary Islands to the east and Baja California to the south. This is a

collection of plants from the Channel Islands off the coast of Southern California and

well-adapted to our Mediterranean climate. There are four vegetation types

represented in the garden: coastal bluff, grassland, coastal sage scrub and island

chaparral. Many of these plants are considered rare because they are endemic to the

Channel Islands and therefore have a very limited distribution. There is no

automated irrigation here except for the northwestern portion.

v. Special Priorities – Propagate these plants for sales. Keep dry stream bed clear.

vi. Annual Care Plan -

1. Winter – Deadhead Eriogonum giganteum, prune Platanus racemosa,

weeding

2. Spring – Mulching, water as needed

3. Summer – Water once per month, prune to keep paths clear

4. Fall – Cut back Encelia, etc., remove Eriogonum where necessary, planting,

sow wildflower seed, water as needed

vii. Weeds – Veldt grass, mustard, swinecress

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – Establish Coreopsis gigantea, Ceanothus arboreus, Eriogonum grande

var. rubescens and coastal strand/beach plants, Munzothamnus blairii

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support - 158 volunteer hours per year

g. Zone - Canary Islands

i. Accreditation Compliance – Solanum vespertilio

ii. Management Priority - Low

iii. Management Intensity - Low

iv. Area Profile – Small area bordered by the Channel Islands to the west, Nursery to

the north, Chile to the east and main trail to the south. Collection of plants from the

Canary Islands. Interesting juxtaposition to Channel Islands because both island

chains are in the Mediterranean climate.

v. Special Priorities – Withania aristata, Centaurea canariensis, Euphorbia

balsamifera, Euphorbia berthelotii

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Weeding, take cuttings

2. Spring - Mulching

3. Summer – Reduce watering, seed collection

4. Fall – Pruning as needed, planting, seed propagation

vii. Weeds - N/A

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – Focus on dryland Canary Island endemic plants that can fit in this section

of the garden. It is a small area so focus on small plants.

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

h. Zone - Chile

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - Low

iii. Management Intensity - Low

iv. Area Profile – A collection of plants from dryland Chile. Bordered by the Nursery

to the west and main trail to the south. There is a lot of room for expansion in this

section; however, the large open area adjacent to this section is in use as an American

Rose Trial for Sustainability (ARTS) site from since spring 2019. Volunteers serve

as evaluators for the rose trials.

v. Special Priorities – Cordia decandra, Larrea nitida, Puya venusta, Colliguaja

odorifera, Calliandra chilensis, Croton chilensis, Oxalis gigantea

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Weeding, take cuttings

2. Spring – Mulching, take cuttings

3. Summer – Infrequent watering

4. Fall – Pruning, planting, watering

vii. Weeds – Cool season weeds (mustard and nettle, etc.)

viii. Pests/Diseases – Scale on Cordia decandra

ix. Curation – This is a large area with few plants. Add more plants from the

Mediterranean regions of Chile; focus on Matorral vegetation.

x. Long-term Projects – Augment plant collection, use ChileFlora as a seed source.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects – Expansion into the open areas. Add irrigation, topography,

rocks and many plants.

xii. Volunteer Support – 192 volunteer hours per year

i. Zone - Baja California

i. Accreditation Compliance – Rosa minutifolia, Ferocactus viridescens, Malva

occidentalis, Euphorbia misera

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Low

iv. Area Profile – Collection of plants from northern Baja California that fall within the

California Floristic Province. This vegetation type is characterized by a dense matrix

of low shrubs. The area forms a relatively thin strip along the northern border of the

Desert Collection along the main trail that goes past the back gate of the Nursery.

The entire Baja collection is loosely divided into two vegetation zones, the California

Floristic Province (western portion) and Desert (eastern portion).

v. Special Priorities – Quercus palmeri, Rhus lentii, Pachycereus pringlei, Nolina

brandegeei, Burroughsia fastigiata, Viguiera lanata, Dudleya brittonii, Eriogonum

wrightii var. membraneceum

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter - Weeding

2. Spring – Seed collection, cuttings

3. Summer – Infrequent watering, seed collection

4. Fall – Pruning, seed sowing, cuttings

vii. Weeds – Moraea polystachya, mustard

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – This zone focuses on plants of northern Baja California that exist within

the California Floristic Province. Priority should be placed on endemic, rare and

endangered plants from this region. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden intends to

collect Quercus cedrosensis and send acorns to be planted in the garden.

x. Long-term Projects – Possibly rehabilitating an abandoned irrigation system.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

j. Zone - Mediterranean Rockery

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – A small area across from the Succulent Garden on the eastern edge of

the Deciduous Woodland. This is a collection of plants from the Mediterranean basin

in general. It contains several unique bulbs and aroids and many small, woody

perennials. The limestone rocks are used as markers for plants that go dormant in the

summer such as Arum pictum and Helicodiceros (low water in summer).

v. Special Priorities – Helicodiceros muscivorus, Arum pictum, Arisarum vulgare,

Tulipa clusiana, Urginea maritima, Iris unguicularis, Hypericum aegypticum

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter - Weeding

2. Spring – Deadheading, mulching

3. Summer – Seed collection, water new plants

4. Fall – Pruning and general cleanup, seed starting

vii. Weeds – Veldt grass, Nothoscordum

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – More terrestrial aroids and bulbs. Concentrate on low-growing, woody

perennials.

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

k. Zone - Australia

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - Low

iii. Management Intensity - Low

iv. Area Profile – Small area with a collection of dryland Australian plants, located as a

small island surrounded by paths at the southern end of the south lawn. This zone

has just begun and needs to be developed further. Focus on plants from Western

Australia.

v. Special Priorities – Brachychiton rupestris

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Weeding, pruning

2. Spring – Mulch, seed collection

3. Summer - Watering

4. Fall - Planting

vii. Weeds - N/A

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – There is a lot of open ground for planting in this zone. Concentrate on

rare and endemic Australian plants that exist in dryland plant communities. May be a

good area to add members of the Proteaceae.

x. Long-term Projects – Discover what the mystery wires in the center of the bed go to

and perhaps use them.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

DESERT COLLECTION

2. Zone - General Desert

i. Accreditation Compliance – Cupressus dupreziana, Agave titanota, Agave

victoriae-reginae, Echinocactus grusonii, Cephalocereus senilis

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone does not have real clear borders, but it falls west of the top

of the eastern berm, east of the main trail, south of the Baja Collection and north of

the Mojave Collection. This zone contains plants from many different deserts around

the world and is generally organized by plant families and growth habits. There are

sections devoted to cactus, agaves, euphorbias, leguminous shrubs, etc. There is one

area devoted to Opuntia.

v. Special Priorities – Galapagos Opuntia from Dr. David Walkington’s Collection,

Fouqueiria collection, Carnegiea gigantea, Mimosa laxiflora

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Weeding, cut back cactus as needed

2. Spring - Pruning

3. Summer – Watering, weeding, clean up broken cactus pieces (propagate)

4. Fall – Sow wildflower seed

vii. Weeds – Mustard, nettle, swinecress, telegraph weed

viii. Pests/Diseases – Cochineal insect

ix. Curation – Intermingle different types of plants into each of the sections of this zone

(e.g. more woody perennials in the cactus section instead of just cactus). Add smaller

plants around the existing large specimens.

x. Long-term Projects – Rehabilitate abandoned irrigation systems. Create a clearer

path system and defined beds.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - Consider creating raised beds for smaller succulents and

other desert plants so that they do not get trampled by visitors or eaten by rabbits.

xii. Volunteer Support - 155 volunteer hours per year.

b. Zone – Baja California Desert

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority – Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Low

iv. Area Profile – This zone is at the northeast corner of the Desert Collection. This

zone includes plants from the central and southern desert regions of Baja California.

There is a very loose transition between this zone and the California Floristic

Province zone from Baja California. There are many pachycaulescent shrubs and

other endemic plants to this region.

v. Special Priorities – Viscainoa geniculata, Fouquieria columnaris, Ficus palmeri,

Pachycormus discolor, Rhus lentii, Bursera fagaroides, Pachycereus pringlei, Nolina

brandegeei

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter - Weeding

2. Spring – Seed collection, cuttings

3. Summer – Watering once/month, seed collection

4. Fall - N/A

vii. Weeds - Mustard

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – Concentrate on plants endemic to the Baja California desert regions

including pachycaulescent shrubs, Ferocactus, Amauria, Xylonagra, etc.

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

c. Zone - South Africa

i. Accreditation Compliance – Aloe pillansii

ii. Management Priority – Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Low

iv. Area Profile – Located on the eastern side of the Desert Collection, along the east-

facing slope, with the Baja California collection to the north, Madagascar to the

south, General Desert to the west and the path on to the east. This is a collection of

plants from desert regions of eastern South Africa and Namibia. The collection is

divided into plants that take summer water (south side) versus those that take winter

water (north side).

v. Special Priorities – Cyphostemma juttae, Tylecodon paniculata, Tylecodon wallichii,

Euryops wageneri, Aloe marlothii

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Water winter growing section if needed

2. Spring – Collect seed from winter section

3. Summer – Water summer growing section, deadhead

4. Fall – Collect seed from summer section, prune/thin Sisyndite spartea, sow

seed

vii. Weeds – Mustard and nettle, control Sisyndite spartea

viii. Pests/Diseases – Aloe mite on Aloe barbarae

ix. Curation – Can add many more small succulent plants from the southern African

region. Bulbs would be a great addition but rabbits can be problematic. Identify

Sesamothamnus sp., Pelargonium sp., Senecio sp.

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

d. Zone - Madagascar

i. Accreditation Compliance – Aloe suzannae, Delonix floribunda, Didierea

madagascariensis

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Low

iv. Area Profile – Located on the southeast corner of the Desert Collection, east of the

Mojave Garden, south of the South African Garden. This is a collection of plants

from the arid southwestern region of Madagascar. There are many endemic plants

and plants with very interesting and unique forms. Many of these plants were

acquired from the Huntington Botanic Garden and are propagules from wild collected

individuals. This area receives irrigation in the summer and none in the winter in

order to mimic the natural precipitation pattern in southwest Madagascar. Plants

from this zone should be propagated for plant sales.

v. Special Priorities – Uncarina decaryi, Uncarina grandidieri, Operculicarya decaryi

(have male and female), Erythrophysopsis aesculina, Alluaudia dumosa, A. comosa,

Senna meridionalis

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Weeding, seed collection

2. Spring - Begin watering in May if warm and no rain, take cuttings

3. Summer – Water 1 to 2 times per month

4. Fall – Seed collection, stop watering

vii. Weeds – Mustard, nettle, spurge

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – Add rare and/or endangered and endemic plants of Madagascar.

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

xiii. Student Engagement – N/A

e. Zone – Mojave Desert

i. Accreditation Compliance – Castela emoryi, Opuntia basilaris var. brachyclada,

Ferocactus cylindraceus, Cylindropuntia munzii, Grusonia parishii

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is located across from the Children’s Garden, south of the

General Desert Zone and west of Madagascar. This is a collection of plants from the

Mojave Desert; however, the lower southwest corner does hold some plants from the

Colorado Desert. Most of these plants are opportunists and will grow any time of

year that they receive water. We typically give the area some irrigation during the

summer (once per month) and very little irrigation during the winter. Topography

was added to the garden to emulate important features in the Mojave Desert such as

desert wash, bajada, and mountains/rocks. The planting scheme also emulates these

features in the desert so high elevation plants are planted further up the slopes than

lower elevation plants. There are many wild collected specimens and plants acquired

from the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden contained in this collection.

v. Special Priorities – Cacti Echinocereus triglochidiatus, Dudleya saxosa, Petalonyx

thurberi, Senna covesii, Xylorhiza tortifolia, Fouquieria splendens, Bahiopsis

parishii, Salvia mohavensis, Berberis haematocarpa, Berberis fremontii

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Weeding, seed and cutting collection

2. Spring – Keep paths clear, collect cactus cuttings

3. Summer – Mimic summer monsoonal thundershowers with irrigation

4. Fall – Sow annual wildflower seed, prune shrubs such as Encelia farinosa,

Hymenoclea salsola, Hyptis emoryi

vii. Weeds – Mustard, Encelia can become weedy; remove as needed, swinecress

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation - Good place to add wild-collected specimens from seed collected in the

Mojave such as: Mortonia utahensis, Scutellaria Mexicana, Peucephyllum schottii,

Aloysia wrightii, Allionia incarnate, Amsonia tomentosa, Quercus turbinella,

Berberis fremontii, Fendlerella utahensis, Glossopetalon pungens, Tetradymia

agyraea, Lycium parishii, Salvia greatae, Tetracoccus hallii, Senna armata

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

f. Zone - Succulent Garden

i. Accreditation Compliance – Aloe dichotoma, Cassia angolensis, Dracaena draco,

Agave titanota

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is bordered by the Mojave to the east, Sonoran Collection

to the south, Deciduous Woodlands to the west, and Palm Grove to the north. This is

a collection of succulent plants in general and does not have any geographic

restrictions regarding their nativity. There are many aloes, agaves, euphorbias and

woody lilies planted. This is a good area to show the diversity of the growth habits

of succulents side by side. Cultivars of succulent plants can be used here as well.

v. Special Priorities – Aloe fleurentiniorum, Acacia willardiana, Xanthorrhoea, Yucca

filifera

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Weeding, keep shrubs in check

2. Spring – May need to start watering, take cuttings

3. Summer – Water once per month

4. Fall – Deadheading, collect seeds

vii. Weeds - N/A

viii. Pests/Diseases – Aloe mite

ix. Curation – There are so many more succulents that can be added to this area. Focus

should remain on smaller plants since there are already quite a few large plants.

x. Long-term Projects – Perhaps a section with a raised bed where smaller succulents

could be planted and kept away from trampling and rabbits.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects

xii. Volunteer Support - 155 volunteer hours per year

g. Zone - Sonoran

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is located at the northern end of the Thorn Forest, west of

the Farm, south of the Mojave and Succulent Garden, and East of the Ombu. The

majority of the trees and shrubs in this zone were donated by Arthur Douglas. This

collection holds plants from the Sonoran Desert, mostly from the desert, thornscrub

and tropical deciduous forest biomes. The Sonoran Desert typically receives most of

its precipitation during the monsoon season in July to September, so this zone should

be watered thoroughly in summer. Irrigation can be reduced in winter. There is no

clear boundary between the Sonoran Zone and the Thorn Forest zone.

v. Special Priorities – Ceiba acuminata, Lysiloma divaricatum, Caesalpinia cacalaco,

Quercus oblongifolia, Nolina nelson, Salvia miniata

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Prune trees and salvias

2. Spring – Planting, weeding, cutting collection

3. Summer – Watering, keep paths clear, take cuttings

4. Fall – Seed collection

vii. Weeds – Veldt grass infestation is intense in this zone, commelina

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – There is an area adjacent to the Farm that could be expanded into. There

have been a few oak trees planted there already. Otherwise, the emphasis should be

on adding plants at the perennial and small shrub level.

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

WOODLAND COLLECTION

3. Woodland Collection

a. Zone - Conifers

i. Accreditation Compliance – Cupressus guadelupensis, Pinus torreyana, Juniperus

cedrus, Podocarpus henkelii, Cedrus libani, Sequoiadendron giganteum, Zea

perennis

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone forms a long strip between the pond and stream system to

the western fence line, beginning with the Pinus torreyana near the front gate to the

Cupressus cashmeriana near the redwoods. This is a collection of many different

types of conifers from around the world and does not follow any geographic

restrictions. Genera are loosely planted together. There is a collection of grasses

along the stream at the southern end of the zone.

v. Special Priorities – Cupressus cashmeriana, Agathis robusta. Keep the stream

exiting the pond clear.

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Pruning, weeding, cut back iris along pond and stream, prune vines

on fence

2. Spring - Mulching

3. Summer – Weeding, trim vines on fence as needed

4. Fall - N/A

vii. Weeds – North end has an intense Nothoscordum infestation. Patch of nutsedge by

the bald cypress. Commelina, Nothoscordum, and Vinca weeds at north end. Veldt

grass throughout.

viii. Pests/Diseases – Check for mites throughout the year.

ix. Curation – Dwarf, low-growing conifers; Abies concolor, Picea pungens, Pinus

patula, Larix sp.

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

b. Zone - Redwoods

i. Accreditation Compliance – Sequoia sempervirens, Berberis nevinii

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is south of the Conifers, north of the Moist Transition Zone

and between the western fence line and stream system. This zone is planted with a

grove of coast redwood trees, Sequoia sempervirens. There are also other shrubs that

are native to the same area as Sequoia trees planted in this area. The goal is to

emulate the northern California coastal redwood forest; however, there are some

other plants mixed into this area as well. The coast redwood is not well adapted to

our climate, soil and water in southern California, and many of the redwoods have

died as a result. They require ample water throughout the year.

v. Special Priorities – Aristolochia californica

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Weeding, pruning

2. Spring – Watering, mulching

3. Summer – Watering, weeding

4. Fall - Planting

vii. Weeds – Veldt grass

viii. Pests/Diseases – Monitor for mites

ix. Curation – We have removed several dead trees, which has made room for more

trees. We can try Redwood cultivars that are more tolerant of southern Californian

conditions. Also, add buffer trees along the western fence to reduce the edge effect

on the redwoods; they seem to do better when they have protection from neighboring

trees. There is space along the stream side where we can plant more plants

associated with redwood trees; concentrate on plants that have a more southern

distribution and may be more hardy than the redwoods themselves. Perhaps try

conifers with a more southern distribution.

x. Long-term Projects – Soil amendments of some type. There seems to be a layer of

clay on the top of the soil. Perhaps that can be scraped away so that water can

penetrate the soil beneath faster. Also, perhaps soil aeration and the addition of

mycorrhizae would benefit the Redwoods.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects – Adding drip irrigation to this zone to be able to meet the

watering requirements easier.

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

c. Zone – Dry Palm Grove

i. Accreditation Compliance – Sabal uresana, Brahea edulis, Jubaea chilensis

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is a large swath that is south of the Heritage House, Arbor

and Children’s Garden, and north of the Deciduous Woodland. This area has been

known as the Dry Palm Grove, but that name can be a little misleading. In general,

these palms do come from arid regions in the world; however, the habitats where they

exist are generally located in mesic areas such as oases and canyon bottoms.

Therefore, they require a moderate to high amount of water, especially in summer.

There does not seem to be any pattern to the manner in which the palms have been

planted; they are simply scattered throughout the zone.

v. Special Priorities – Butia eriospatha, Bismarckia nobilis, Phoenix theophrasti

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Weeding, hold off on water

2. Spring – Pruning of old fronds (only up to the horizontal), planting,

mulching, fertilize as needed (have seen magnesium deficiency in some

Brahea)

3. Summer – More pruning as needed, seed collection, regular water

4. Fall – Seed collection, reduce watering

vii. Weeds – In some cases the palms themselves become weedy, control Solanum

asperolanatum at the west end of the grove

viii. Pests/Diseases – Monitor for diamond scale

ix. Curation – Continue to add palms from arid regions; there is plenty of space on the

east end of the grove

x. Long-term Projects – A drip irrigation system was installed in summer of 2018; the

paths need to be repaired with decomposed granite

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

d. Zone - Antiquities

i. Accreditation Compliance – Ginkgo biloba, Metasequoia glyptostroboides

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This is a small circular zone located along the east side of the stream

at northwest corner of the Deciduous Woodland. The theme of this zone is primitive

plants and living fossils. Many of these plants were known from the fossil record

before they were known to be extant. There are both cone-bearing plants and plants

that have primitive flowers. There is also a Brontosaurus topiary to maintain.

v. Special Priorities – Michelia doltsopa, Eupomatia laurina

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Prune trees while deciduous, take hardwood cuttings

2. Spring – Planting, weeding and mulching

3. Summer – Ensure plants receive adequate irrigation

4. Fall – Seed collecting

vii. Weeds – Veldt grass, nettle, Allium triquetrum, Rumex, Oxalis

viii. Pests/Diseases – Scale on Michelia

ix. Curation – There is a lot of room for additional plants here to complete both the

theme and spatial distribution. This zone would ideally hold specimens that show the

entire evolution of land plants from gymnosperms to angiosperms with bilaterally

symmetrical flowers and an assortment of leaf shapes. Wollemia nobilis

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

e. Zone - Deciduous Woodland

i. Accreditation Compliance – Juglans californica, Rhus coriaria

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is a large area at the center of the arboretum located east of

the stream, south of the palms and north of the south lawn. This zone is planted with

many deciduous trees and shrubs and is loosely arranged geographically; there are

representative species from northeastern America, central Europe, and northeastern

Asia. There have been additions of more climate appropriate deciduous trees from

western America such as Fraxinus velutina and Juglans californica. Several trees

have been lost to the Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer such as Acer negundo, Quercus

macrocarpa, and Aesculus californica. However, there are still representatives of

these trees which have either sprouted from seeds or basal sprouts. Other trees have

been lost due to drought or other climate issues, including birch trees. There is

currently a large opening in the canopy and room for planting in the center and

eastern portion of the zone. There are some shrubs, groundcovers and winter-

flowering bulbs planted in the understory, but there is still plenty of room to expand

these plantings. There is a small Mediterranean rockery installed on the eastern edge

of the zone just north of the Ombu tree.

v. Special Priorities – Greyia sutherlandii, Diospyros spp.

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Pruning of trees and shrubs during winter dormancy, hardwood

cuttings, cutback Gaura and spray veldt grass

2. Spring – Weeding, mulching, planting

3. Summer – Supplemental watering, pruning deadwood out of trees/shrubs

4. Fall - N/A

vii. Weeds – Veldt grass, Allium triquetrum is spreading rapidly, Koelreuteria

viii. Pests/Diseases – Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer

ix. Curation – Add more large trees in the center and eastern portion of the zone. Add

more understory plants throughout the zone. Keep Allium triquetrum localized to one

large swath at the center of the zone; remove individuals that stray from that area.

x. Long-term Projects – There is a lot of pruning that needs to be done to the trees

throughout the zone. We would also like to amend the soil in this zone by adding

compost and possibly mycorrhizae.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support - 315 volunteer hours per year

f. Zone - Ombu Area

i. Accreditation Compliance – Diospyros villosa, Howea forsteriana, Cycas

seemannii, Delonix regia

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is located south of the Deciduous Woodland and north of

the South Lawn. The ombu tree is the focal point of this zone, and the surrounding

area is planted with a variety of subtropical plants from around the world that give

this zone a tropical feel. However, it should be noted that the ombu and the

surrounding plants are not truly tropical plants. The ombu itself is actually from the

Pampas grassland of Argentina. The plants in this zone do not represent one specific

region of the world but are instead meant to provide a tropical appearance. This zone

is well-established and densely planted; there is not much room for new plantings.

The ombu was one of the first trees planted in the arboretum. It is a very fast-

growing tree and has reached an immense size.

v. Special Priorities – Phytolacca dioica x weberbaueri, Catha edulis, Gardenia

thunbergii, Heteropyxis natalensis, Diospyros collection, Asparagus collection,

Chamaedorea spp.

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Prune shrubs and trees

2. Spring – Weeding, mulching

3. Summer – Watering, take cuttings

4. Fall – Annual pruning of ombu in September, seed collection

vii. Weeds – Veldt grass

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – Thin Bromelia balansae; there is not a lot of space to add plants in this

zone so management of the current plants is the priority

x. Long-term Projects – Install a barrier around the ombu so that people will stop

climbing on it.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

g. Zone - Thorn Forest

i. Accreditation Compliance – Dioon spinulosum

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is located mostly south of the Sonoran zone, east of the

main path to the eastern fence line, south past the Dorm Gate to the beginning of the

southern Subtropical zone. This zone contains many thorny trees from different

thorn forests around the world such as Mexico and Africa. There are some

understory plantings consisting mostly of different Salvia. This zone is closely

interwoven with sections of the Sonoran zone and it is difficult to clearly divide the

two zones.

v. Special Priorities – Chorisia insignis, Acacia caven, Mentzelia arborescens

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Cutback Salvia, tree pruning as needed, weeding

2. Spring - Mulching

3. Summer – Watering, weeding

4. Fall – Seed collection

vii. Weeds – Veldt grass

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – There are many large mature trees in this zone, so any additional plants

would most likely go in the understory. There are several Callistemon viminalis

planted near the Dorm Gate, which could be removed since they do not fit the theme.

Determine and delineate the Sonoran zone from the Thorn Forest if possible.

x. Long-term Projects – Possibly add plants outside the dorm gate.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

h. Zone - Moist Transition

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - Low

iii. Management Intensity - Low

iv. Area Profile – This zone is located along the western path and the fence line, south

of the Redwood zone, and north of the Ficus zone. This zone forms a transition zone

between the temperate conifer zone and the beginning of the subtropical zones.

There is no geographic distinction in this zone; there are plants from many parts of

the world and they are scattered throughout the zone. In general, they require

moderate water.

v. Special Priorities – Distylium racemosum

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Weeding, prune vines and trees along outside of fence line

2. Spring – Mulching, pruning, take cuttings

3. Summer – Pruning/hedging as needed for path clearance, seed collection

4. Fall - N/A

vii. Weeds – Patches of veldt grass

viii. Pests/Diseases – Whitefly on Azara celestrina

ix. Curation – There is not much space for additional plants in this zone so we should

just maintain what is there. Propagate Distylium racemosum and move to more sun.

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

i. Zone - Tropical Hill

i. Accreditation Compliance – Dioon spinulosum, Encephalartos woodii x natalensis,

E. horridus, Howea forsteriana, Ravenea rivularis, Zamia furfuracea, Cycas

circinalis

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is on the hill located at the southwest corner of the south

pond and is bound by the pond and stream on the north and east sides, and the main

path on the west and south sides. This zone holds a collection of subtropical plants

from around the world; there are many cycads and palms planted here. The

topography of this zone adds a very interesting element and the paths are edged with

pieces of old broken concrete. The valve that runs the irrigation in this zone is

broken and the valve that runs the ”swamp” area has a wiring issue. This zone needs

to be watered manually. It is also important to keep the stream exiting the pond

clear. The paths in this zone need to be raked frequently.

v. Special Priorities – “MAD 40 tree” (unknown species from Madagascar),

Handroanthus chrysotrichus, Ceratozamia mexicana, Pavonia candida

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Pruning large shrubs, weeding, prune vines along the fence, cutback

aquatic plants

2. Spring – Mulching, planting, cutback taro

3. Summer – Watering, mid-season vine pruning along fence, cutback aquatic

vegetation as needed

4. Fall – Weed tree removal, keep stream clear, cycad pollination

vii. Weeds – Alectryon subcinereum, Cyperus papyrus along pond edge

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – Add more subtropical perennials among cycads and palms and on the top

and west side of hill. Propagate Pavonia candida. Replant Caryota urens and

Tournefortia acutiflora. Add to ginger collection.

x. Long-term Projects – Repair valve that operates irrigation.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

j. Zone - Ficus

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - Low

iii. Management Intensity - Low

iv. Area Profile – This zone is centrally located south of the South Lawn and Tropical

Hill and pump bridge, and north of the Southern Subtropical zone. This zone is

primarily planted with Ficus trees from around the world, but there are a few other

trees, shrubs and cycads in this area as well. The Ficus zone contains both old and

new world species, but they are mostly from the old world. There are many mature

Ficus trees in this zone and there is not much space for additional plantings. The

trees have created a dense canopy, which provides deep shade, mulch and seems to

prevent weeds. Efforts should focus on maintaining the current trees.

v. Special Priorities – Ficus petiolaris, Ficus geniculata var. abnormalis, Ficus

palmata, Ficus socotrana, Ficus microcarpa ‘Aurea’

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter - Pruning

2. Spring - Mulching

3. Summer – Prune for path clearance

4. Fall – Take cuttings

vii. Weeds - N/A

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – Propagate Ficus palmata

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

k. Zone - Subtropical

i. Accreditation Compliance – Dioon spinulosum, Encephalartos horridus, E.

arenarius, Hibiscus clayi, Passiflora jamesonii, Stangeria eriopus, Zamia furfuracea,

Guihaia argyrata, Obetia ficifolia, Tecoma fulva, Brunfelsia densifolia

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This is a large zone at the southern end of the arboretum, south of the

Ficus zone. This zone is a collection of subtropical plants from different regions of

the world and is generally arranged geographically. It is in a horseshoe pattern and

starting from the northeast corner and moving clockwise you have the following

geographic regions: Americas, Asia, Australasia, Pacific Islands, Africa, and

Madagascar. The central area within the horseshoe is a transition area between all

the geographic regions. There are vines planted around the perimeter fence. This

zone is relatively young considering it was created around the year 2000, but there

are some specimens that seem quite mature. There is still a lot of open planting space

in this zone but weed control has been an issue.

v. Special Priorities – Ficus craterostoma, F. dameropsis, Aristolochia arborescens,

Robinsonella cordata, Delonix regia, Hibiscus arnottianus, H. bojerianus,

Strophanthus boivinii, Anogeissus dhofarica, Moringa drouhardii. Ficus religiosa

was blessed by the Dalai Lama while at CSUF in 2000.

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Tree and shrub pruning, weeding, prune vines along fence

2. Spring – Mulching, thin bamboo, planting, take cuttings, spray seedy grasses

3. Summer – Watering, mid-season pruning, cycad pollination

4. Fall – Cycad pollination

vii. Weeds – Veldt grass, patches of Bermuda grass, horseweed, sow thistle

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – Lots of room for additions to each of the geographic themes. Replant

Dombeya cacuminum. Acquire Kigelia Africana.

x. Long-term Projects – Weed control, soil building, path improvements

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support - 315 volunteer hours per year

CULTIVATED COLLECTION

4. Cultivated Collection

a. Zone - Rare Fruit

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone surrounds Orchard Lawn and is a collection of subtropical

fruit trees from Asia and Central and South America. It has many mature trees with a

few openings where trees have died in the past. It is irrigated with a drip irrigation

system that is connected to different hose bibs throughout the orchard. There is room

to add a few trees, but also some small shrubs and other perennials that are used as

food in order to create more of a food forest situation. Need to frequently pick up

fallen fruit.

v. Special Priorities – Harvest fruit to sell at the Nature Center or for tastings. Late

summer into fall is the prime time.

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Pruning, reduce watering

2. Spring – Mulching, planting, weeding

3. Summer – Harvest fruit, summer pruning

4. Fall – Pruning, harvest fruit

vii. Weeds – Nutsedge creeping into beds from lawn

viii. Pests/Diseases – Mealy bug, Argentine ants

ix. Curation – Addition of a few more trees, but mostly small shrubs and perennials to

create an understory. Acquire paw paw, papaya, kiwis, mango, sugar cane

x. Long-term Projects – Develop the understory to create a food forest.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - Potentially connect drip system to automated valves.

xii. Volunteer Support - 235 volunteer hours per year

b. Zone - Orchard Lawn

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - High

iv. Area Profile – This zone is the lawn located to the north of Heritage House. This

area is one of the primary spaces for many different events throughout the year. The

event season typically lasts from March through October. Keep this area looking

nice for all the events that are held there.

v. Special Priorities - N/A

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Keep the lawn closed, water as needed to establish new seed, weed

control

2. Spring – Fertilize as needed, mow weekly

3. Summer – Fertilize as needed, mow weekly, increase watering

4. Fall – Close access to the lawn after the final event of the season, aerate,

overseed, and add topper to repair lawn

vii. Weeds – Nutsedge, oxalis, crabgrass

viii. Pests/Diseases – Rabbits feed on the lawn, gophers, fire ants, watch for fungal

diseases

ix. Curation - N/A

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

c. Zone - Perennial Bed

i. Accreditation Compliance – Freylinia visseri, Salvia penstemonoides, Echinacea

tennesseensis, Quercus engelmannii

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - High

iv. Area Profile – This zone surrounds the west and south sides of Oak Hall. It is a

collection of many different types of perennials which are typically available in the

horticultural trade. The plan is to have dense plantings of perennials throughout the

beds; short plants along the main path, and taller plants toward the rear of the beds,

close to the building. This is an area to showcase beautiful flowering plants and also

to propagate those plants in order to provide them for sale.

v. Special Priorities – There are many beautiful plants held in this collection and they

attract a lot of attention. Our goal is to use this area to drive plant sales at the Nature

Center by having examples of the plants for sale planted in this area and marked with

signage. Orpheum, Sisyrinchum striatum, Melianthus major, Cantua spp.

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Cutbacks, divisions, weeding, mulching/composting

2. Spring – Planting, deadheading

3. Summer – Watering, deadheading, take cuttings

4. Fall – Cutbacks, seed collection

vii. Weeds – Nutsedge along path to the maintenance yard, Nothoscordum around the

base of Quercus engelmannii

viii. Pests/Diseases - N/A

ix. Curation – New perennials should be added to this area on a regular basis in order to

experiment with plants that will work well in our climate.

x. Long-term Projects – Repair the decomposed granite pathway through the center.

Plant more plants in the southeast corner; possibly transition into native plants.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – 120 volunteer hours per year

d. Zone - Rose Garden

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - High

iv. Area Profile – This zone is located at the southeast corner of Orchard Lawn, south of

the Community Gardens, and north of the Avocados. This zone can be divided into

two sections, the old garden roses and the hybrid tea roses. The old garden roses are

planted in the long strip on both sides of the gazebo and are irrigated with drip

irrigation. The hybrid teas are planted in the mounded beds along the brick pathway

and are irrigated using sprinklers with spray heads. As the name suggests, the old

garden roses are cultivars that have existed for a very long time and were some of the

first rose cultivars created. They have a variety of different growth habits, but in

general they are relatively large, rangy plants. The hybrid tea section has many

different cultivars of the more modern style rose. These roses are generally more

compact plants and can be kept smaller.

v. Special Priorities – Maintain the collection of old garden roses. These roses are

more difficult to replace and hold historical significance.

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Prune hybrid teas hard, thin old garden roses as needed, plant bare

root plants as needed, add compost, dormant spray

2. Spring – Weeding, mulching, fertilizing

3. Summer – Deadheading, weeding, watering

4. Fall – Deadheading, reduce watering

vii. Weeds - Nutsedge

viii. Pests/Diseases – Typical rose pests/problems - aphids, thrips, mildew

ix. Curation – Maintain old garden rose collection. Propagate and replant as needed.

Acquire any missing cultivars. Add more hybrid teas as needed.

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support - 470 volunteer hours per year

e. Zone - Heritage House

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - High

iv. Area Profile – This zone contains all the plantings around the Heritage House from

the sundial and surrounding beds in the front, to the fenced in doctor’s garden and

wisteria arbor in the rear. It contains many different types of plantings involving

roses, hedges, California natives, annuals, perennials, herbs and the wisteria vine.

With all these different types of plantings comes many different types of

requirements for maintaining the area. The roses in the front of the house are David

Austin hybrid teas, and they share the space with Teucrium fruticans ‘Azureum’

hedges. Immediately surrounding the house, inside the fence, are California native

plants, with the exception of the northside, which contains a few different shrubs.

This section is planted informally in a naturalistic design, and presents an example of

a California native landscape in an area the size of a typical yard in residential areas

in the surrounding area. Behind the house there is a small herb garden, a perennial

bed surrounding an orange tree and two beds at the entrance to the arbor. The arbor

beds contain ‘Iceberg’ roses, a few other perennials and a rotating display of annuals.

The wisteria arbor is a space where events are held, particularly weddings. The final

section is the Doctor’s Garden, which contains medicinal plants.

v. Special Priorities – The goal here is to provide a well maintained landscape to be

used as a setting for weddings and other special events.

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Prune Wisteria and roses in January, divide perennials and herbs as

needed, add compost

2. Spring – Plant annuals and perennials, trim hedges as needed, weeding,

deadheading/general pruning

3. Summer – Trim hedges as needed, weeding

4. Fall – Weed control, prune (plant) California natives, cutback herbs and

Doctor’s Garden as needed, prune cape chestnut, cutback Romneya

vii. Weeds – Nutsedge, Bermuda grass

viii. Pests/Diseases – Argentine ants

ix. Curation – Replace dead roses in the front of the house. Add annuals, perennials

and herbs as needed.

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects – N/A

xii. Volunteer Support - 780 volunteer hours per year

f. Zone - Oranges/Citrus

i. Accreditation Compliance – Plant Collections Network Citrus Collection

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is centered on the orange grove behind Heritage House, but

also includes citrus trees in other parts of the arboretum such as the Rare Fruit

Orchard, and the citrus trees along the north side of Heritage House and those

surrounding the community gardens. This collection is designated as a nationally

accredited plant collection through the Plant Collections Network of the American

Public Garden Association. The small orange grove of eight trees provides an

example of the local agricultural history.

v. Special Priorities – Citrofortunella mitis ‘Variegata’

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Harvest fruit, pruning

2. Spring - Mulching

3. Summer – Harvest ‘Valencia’ fruit and anything else that is ripe

4. Fall – Pruning as needed

vii. Weeds - N/A

viii. Pests/Diseases – Citrus red scale, mealy bug, Asian citrus psyllid, Huanglongbing

disease

ix. Curation – More trees should be added in order to diversify collection

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects – Install drip irrigation system for citrus trees.

xii. Volunteer Support - 235 volunteer hours per year

g. Zone - Avocados

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - Medium

iv. Area Profile – This zone is sandwiched between the Children’s Garden on the east

and the Orange grove and wisteria arbor to the west. This avocado grove provides

another example of the local agricultural history. There are three rows of avocado

trees running north to south, each one is a different cultivar. The cultivars from east

to west are ‘Fuerte’, ‘Bacon’, and ‘Hass’. The final avocado tree at the southeast

corner of the grove is Persea yunnanensis. This zone does have a sprinkler system

installed with spray heads, but we typically use the manual drip system to irrigate the

trees on a weekly basis.

v. Special Priorities – Persea Americana ‘Bacon’, Persea yunnanensis

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Reduce irrigation

2. Spring – Mulching, weeding, fertilize if needed

3. Summer – Regular irrigation

4. Fall – Pruning

vii. Weeds – Nothoscordum gracile, Nasturtium

viii. Pests/Diseases – Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer

ix. Curation – Propagate ‘Bacon’ avocado.

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support - 235 volunteer hours per year

h. Zone - Children’s Garden

i. Accreditation Compliance – Juglans regia ‘Placentia’

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - High

iv. Area Profile – This zone is located west of the Desert Collection, east of the

avocados, north of the palms and south of the meadow. This zone is a place for

children to play and learn. It is laid out in a manner that allows visitors to experience

the five senses through plants. There are several structures and props throughout the

garden that are there for the amusement of children. There are several different

sections within this zone including raised beds for fruits and vegetables, an area with

scented plants, bunch grasses, succulent plants, walnut trees, an arbor for kiwi and

passion fruit vines, two topiaries and several potted plants.

v. Special Priorities – Cotton plant, maintain structures and props

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Rake out bunch grasses, prune grapevine, prune fruit and walnut

trees, weeding

2. Spring – Plant warm season crops and gourds, mulching

3. Summer – Watering, take cuttings

4. Fall – Plant cool season crops and sweet peas, collect seeds

vii. Weeds - N/A

viii. Pests/Diseases – Rabbits, rats

ix. Curation – Add more succulent plants

x. Long-term Projects – Repair fence around perimeter, install deep watering tubes for

caterpillar topiary, and create raised beds for planting succulents.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects – N/A

xii. Volunteer Support - 416 volunteer hours per year

i. Zone - Stone/Pome Orchard

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - Medium

iii. Management Intensity - High

iv. Area Profile – This zone is on the hill east of the Desert Collection. It is a collection

of different stone and pome fruit trees, some of them are hybrids such as apriums and

pluots. The goal is to maintain these trees at a manageable size that could be used in

a typical residential front or back yard, and to use this collection to teach classes

about growing fruit trees. This zone also provides examples of many cultivars, which

can be observed by visitors who can use these examples to help decide on which

cultivars to plant in their yards. The trees are planted according to fruit ripening

times with ripening beginning at the southeast and moving north. This zone is

irrigated manually using the installed drip system.

v. Special Priorities - N/A

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Reduce watering, heavy pruning, dormant spray, weeding

2. Spring – Mulching, harvesting, pest control

3. Summer – Regular watering, summer pruning, harvesting

4. Fall - Harvesting

vii. Weeds – Nettle, mustard

viii. Pests/Diseases – Aphids, leaf curl, phytophthora

ix. Curation – Replace trees that have died, acquire cherry trees

x. Long-term Projects – Retrofit drip irrigation system.

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support - 235 volunteer hours per year.

j. Zone - Farm

i. Accreditation Compliance - N/A

ii. Management Priority - High

iii. Management Intensity - High

iv. Area Profile – This zone is located on the far eastern side of the arboretum, south of

the Stone/Pome Fruit Orchard. This area is used to grow many different types of row

crops on a seasonal basis. There are only a few permanently planted plants such as

sugar cane, pomegranates, kaffir lime leaf, a fig tree, herbs and a grape vine. Drip

irrigation is used throughout the rows using drip tape. The Farm is a cooperative

effort between U-ACRE and Hart Community Homes and the arboretum. Most of

the produce goes to the Monkey Business Café in Fullerton and is used in preparing

meals. This operation teaches participants from the Monkey Business Café and Hart

Community Homes and students involved in the U-ACRE program how to

successfully grow food. This area can also be used to teach and inspire visitors about

growing food crops.

v. Special Priorities - N/A

vi. Annual Care Plan

1. Winter – Weeding, harvesting, stagger plantings for prolonged harvest, plant

onions

2. Spring – Add compost, bed preparation, begin warm season crops, weeding,

harvest remaining cool season crops

3. Summer – Watering, weeding, harvesting

4. Fall – Add compost, bed preparation, begin cool season crops, harvest

remaining warm season crops, cover crop as needed, plant garlic

vii. Weeds – Nutsedge infestation in flat area west of pomegranates, bindweed, Bermuda

grass in patches

viii. Pests/Diseases – Squirrels, rabbits, gophers, rats

ix. Curation - N/A

x. Long-term Projects - N/A

xi. Unbudgeted Projects - N/A

xii. Volunteer Support – N/A

i. Nursery Operations – The Nursery is north of the Channel Islands Collection, and

south of North Campus Drive. It includes a green house, shade house, plant layout

area, maintenance building and office space. Two horticulturists lead volunteers

through all manner of plant propagation that varies according to season and available

plant material. In the period from December to March the nursery operations are

focused on growing approximately 20,000 vegetable plants for the annual

Veggiepalooza plant sale. Our vibrant nursery operation is another component to our

ArbNet Level IV Accreditation. Specifically, the ability to propagate rare and

threatened plants from our collection in order to safeguard and distribute those plants

is critical for our accreditation.

ii. Volunteer Support – 2,208 volunteer hours per year.

Lawns – General best practices for lawn care are performed seasonally throughout the year.

Warm season – Mow and edge weekly, maximum irrigation, fertilize every 3 months

Cool season – Mow and edge as needed (every other week), reduce irrigation.

Repairs and Maintenance – Event season takes place from spring to fall, therefore it is very

difficult to perform any repairs during that time. Repair bare spots, manage weeds, aerate and over-seed

in the fall.

Flower Field – The Arboretum’s flower field is a 1/8-acre seasonal display space that allows visitors the

opportunity to appreciate the beauty of flowers, watch the field grow and change through the seasons, and

learn about botanical and horticultural topics. The flower field encourages guests to revisit the arboretum

to witness changes in the field and offers the Arboretum a fundraising opportunity. Interns will use the

field as an outdoor laboratory to gain real-world experience. They will steward the Arboretum’s flower

field and build programming and interpretive content around the field. Arboretum Horticulture Staff

members will supervise and mentor the student interns.

Ponds and Streams – Maintain stream flow by clearing out debris as needed; especially after windy

conditions. Make sure the outlets of the ponds can drain freely. Clean pump screen on a daily basis;

more often during windy conditions. Clear invasive vegetation in the ponds in early fall. Cut back iris

along edges in late winter. Snake the storm drain at the final pond in fall.

East Side/Perimeter – The east side and perimeter of the arboretum are relatively low maintenance areas

that require seasonal attention. Weed control is the major task in these zones and is necessary throughout

the rainy season from November to May. During this time weeds are controlled by herbicides as needed.

Our goal is to spray the weeds while they are small. Some weeds need to be removed manually and this

is typically performed two to three times per year. There are also many vines growing on the perimeter

fence; these vines require hard pruning in the winter (December or January) and more lightly throughout

the rest of the year as needed. Most tree pruning along the perimeter should be done in the winter as well.

Decomposed Granite Paths – Repair decomposed granite paths as needed throughout the year. Perform

major repairs at the end of the rainy season (April/May) to fix erosion problems. Use a power compactor

during major repairs to achieve necessary compaction.

Compost – Compost is very valuable for the garden and allows us to recycle materials back into the

garden and divert green waste from the landfill. Plant material from the arboretum is added to the

compost piles as it is produced and horse manure is added weekly. We use a three-pile system and create

long windrows approximately six feet high and wide. We turn and water compost piles on a weekly

basis. The arboretum produces around 250 cubic yards of compost annually.

Irrigation – Centrally controlled system with six controllers throughout the arboretum which operate 128

valves. Not all areas are covered by automated irrigation; those areas are watered manually using

irrigation control valves, hoses with attached sprinklers or modular drip systems.

Equipment – Perform routine equipment maintenance every six months in October and April. Repairs

are performed as needed.

Weekends – Two staff members are required to work on the weekends to open and close the arboretum

and perform other routine functions such as granting volunteers access to certain buildings. The staff

members also check on nursery watering needs, inspect event areas to ensure they meet our standards,

help with special events, perform routine garden clean up tasks, and patrol the arboretum to ensure guests

are following the rules.

Regular Tasks

Daily - Clean the waterfall pump screen. May need to be cleaned multiple times per day in windy

conditions.

Daily - Nursery and container plants must be checked for adequate watering on a daily basis. The

watering requirements vary by season; there are three major watering days in summer (Monday,

Wednesday, Friday) and two major days in winter (Tuesday, Friday) with transition times in spring and

fall.

Daily - Debris and downed limb collection occurs as needed throughout the arboretum, but must be

checked daily.

Weekly - Garden zones must be checked and watered as necessary using various schedules for the

assortment of zones. Supplemental watering is based on water requirements of the plants in each zone

and adjusted seasonally.

Twice annually – Clean and wax interpretive signs with Armor All and Marine Wax in spring and fall.

Annually – Cleanout storm drain at the end of the pond and stream system in the fall.