BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE

BY ORDER OF THE

SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE

AIR FORCE MANUAL 11-2MQ-9,

VOLUME 1

12 JANUARY 2023

Flying Operations

MQ-9—AIRCREW TRAINING

COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY

ACCESSIBILITY: This publication is available for downloading or ordering on the e-

Publishing website at www.e-Publishing.af.mil.

RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication.

OPR: ACC/A3MQ Certified by: AF/A3T

(Maj Gen Albert G. Miller)

Supersedes: AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1, 27 March 2020 Pages: 53

This manual implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 11-2, Aircrew Operations, and Air

Force Manual (AFMAN) 11-202, Volume 1, Aircrew Training and is consistent with AFPD 11-4,

Aviation Service. This manual establishes minimum United States Air Force (USAF) standards

for training and qualifying personnel who operate USAF MQ-9 aircraft and applies to civilian

employees and uniformed members of the Regular Air Force, Air Force Reserve (AFR), and Air

National Guard (ANG). This publication is not applicable (N/A) to the United States Space Force.

Ensure all records generated as a result of processes prescribed in this publication adhere to Air

Force Instruction (AFI) 33-322, Records Management and Information Governance Program, and

are disposed in accordance with (IAW) the Air Force Records Disposition Schedule, which is

located in the Air Force Records Information Management System. Refer recommended changes

and questions about this publication to Air Force Total Force Aircrew Management Directorate

(AF/A3TF) through Air Combat Command Persistent Attack and Reconnaissance Division

(ACC/A3M) using the Department of the Air Force (DAF) Form 847, Recommendation for

Change of Publication; route DAF Forms 847 from the field through the appropriate functional

chain of command. Major commands (MAJCOMs), Direct Reporting Units (DRUs), and Field

Operating Agencies (FOAs) will forward proposed supplements to this manual to AF/A3TF

through ACC/A3M for approval prior to publication. Copies of MAJCOM, DRU, and FOA-level

supplements, after approved and published, will be provided by the issuing activity to ACC/A3M,

and the user MAJCOM, DRU, or FOA and National Guard Bureau (NGB) (the NGB is considered

a MAJCOM for the purposes of this manual) offices of primary responsibility (OPR). Field units

below MAJCOM, DRU, and FOA-level will forward copies of their supplements to this manual

to their parent organization OPR for post-publication review. The authorities to waive wing/unit

2  AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1  12 JANUARY 2023 
level  requirements  in  this  manual  are  identified  with  a  Tier  (“T-0,  T-1,  T-2,  T-3”)  number 
following the compliance statement.  See Department of the Air Force Manual (DAFMAN) 90-
161, Publishing Processes and Procedures, for a description of the authorities associated with the 
Tier numbers. Submit requests for waivers through the chain of command to the appropriate Tier 
waiver authority, or alternately, to the requestor’s commander for non-tiered compliance items.  
See paragraph 1.2 for further guidance concerning waivers. 
SUMMARY OF CHANGES 
This manual has been substantially revised and  must be completely reviewed. Major changes 
include  multiple  administrative  changes  (e.g.,  AFI  to  AFMAN,  etc.),  reinserted  aircrew 
roles/responsibilities, updated experiencing definition, returned data erroneously put in the Ready 
Aircrew Program (RAP) Tasking Memorandum (RTM), reinserted training folder information, 
updated debrief items,  addition of automatic takeoff  and landing  data throughout (paragraphs 
1.9.3,  3.4.2.1,  4.2.3.1,  4.2.4.1.3,  4.2.6.3,  4.2.7,  Table  4.1,  Table  4.2,  Table  4.3,  paragraphs 
6.2.5.1.8,  6.2.5.1.9,  6.2.5.3,  6.10),  updated  local  initial/requalification  guidance,  updated 
instrument/qualification evaluation standards for Initial Qualification Training (IQT) completion, 
reinserted  local  requalification  guidance  contained  in  current  waiver,  added  senior  leaders 
qualification  course information, updated  unit  specific  Mission  Qualification Training (MQT) 
language,  updated  ground  training  requirements,  added  verification  requirements,  added 
Contested, Degraded, Operational Limited (CDO) requirements, added Integrated Air Defense 
System (IADS) requirements, added guidance for test/training coded units, updated language for 
general continuation training tracking, updated language for weapons and tactics training, aligned 
crew  resource  management  requirements  with  AFMAN  11-290,  Cockpit/Crew  Resource 
Management And Threat & Error Management Program, updated Air Reserve Component (ARC) 
responsibilities for API-8 fliers, aligned currency, recurrency, and requalification guidance with 
AFMAN 11-202 Volume 1, Aircrew Training; updated currency events (live versus sim), removed 
tiering labels from Table 4.1 to 4.3, added Aircrew Training Device (ATD) and DOWN/Duty Not 
Involving  Flying  (DNIF),  requirements  to  Table  4.1  through  4.3,  reinserted  regression  data 
previously deleted, eliminated the prohibition on commanders pro-rating training for contingency 
operations,  reinserted  elements  of  weapons  qualification  requirements,  updated  language  for 
instructor upgrades, aligned “Launch and Recovery (L/R)” vs “Line-of-Sight L/R (LOS L/R)” with 
new syntax per AFMAN11-2MQ-9 Volume 3, MQ-9 Operations Procedures,  eliminated  “L/R 
Restriction” language, added flight lead upgrade requirements, added mission commander upgrade 
requirements,  updated  references  and  acronyms,  updated  logging/tracking  terminology  in 
Attachment  1  and  linked  with  currency/RTM  requirements  (Table  4.1,  4.2,  and  4.3  and 
Attachment  2),  added  sample  verification  guide,  and  updated  Air  Force  Special  Operations 
Command (AFSOC) exemptions. 
 
Chapter 1—ROLES    5 
1.1.  Roles and Responsibilities. ...................................................................................  5 
1.2.  Waivers. ...............................................................................................................  6 
1.3.  Training Programs, Concepts, and Policies. ..........................................................  6 
1.4.  Aircrew Experience. .............................................................................................  7 

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1  12 JANUARY 2023  3 
5.  Ready Aircrew Program (RAP) Guidance (Air Force Special Operations 
Command [AFSOC]: N/A). ..................................................................................  7 
6.  Operational Unit Reporting. ..................................................................................  8 
7.  Formal Training Unit (FTU) Reporting. ................................................................  8 
8.  Training Records and Reports. ..............................................................................  8 
9.  Mission and Armament Recording. .......................................................................  9 
10.  Unit Manpower. ...................................................................................................  9 
Chapter 2—INITIAL QUALIFICATION TRAINING    10 
1.  General.................................................................................................................  10 
2.  Formal Training. ..................................................................................................  10 
3.  Local Training. .....................................................................................................  10 
4.  Approval and Waiver for Local IQT and Local Requalification Training. .............  10 
5.  Course Prerequisite...............................................................................................  11 
6.  Ground Training. ..................................................................................................  11 
7.  Flying Training.....................................................................................................  11 
8.  Senior Leader Qualification Course. .....................................................................  11 
Chapter 3—MISSION QUALIFICATION TRAINING    12 
1.  General.................................................................................................................  12 
2.  Unit-Specific Mission Qualification Training (MQT)............................................  12 
3.  Ground Training. ..................................................................................................  12 
4.  Simulator Training. ..............................................................................................  13 
5.  Flying Training.....................................................................................................  13 
Chapter 4—CONTINUATION TRAINING    14 
1.  General.................................................................................................................  14 
2.  Ground Training. ..................................................................................................  14 
3.  Flying Training.....................................................................................................  18 
4.  Special Categories. ...............................................................................................  19 
5.  Currency, Recurrency, and Requalification. ..........................................................  20 
Table  4.1.  Pilot/Sensor Operator Currencies, MCE (Note: Currencies based on MCE 
experience level). .................................................................................................  21 
Table  4.2.  Pilot Currencies, LOS L/R (Note: Currencies based on LOS L/R experience 
level). ...................................................................................................................  22 

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1  12 JANUARY 2023 
Table  4.3.  Sensor Operator Currencies, LOS L/R (Note: Currencies based on LOS L/R 
experience level). .................................................................................................  23 
6.  Regression. ...........................................................................................................  23 
Figure  4.1.  Regression Flow Chart. ........................................................................................  24 
7.  End-of-Cycle Proration. ........................................................................................  24 
8.  Example of the Lookback, Regression, Proration, and Requalification Process......  25 
9.  Contested, Degraded, Operationally Limited (CDO). ............................................  26 
10.  Integrated Air Defense System (IADS). ................................................................  26 
Chapter 5—WEAPONS EMPLOYMENT QUALIFICATION    27 
1.  General.................................................................................................................  27 
2.  Initial Weapons Qualification. ..............................................................................  27 
3.  Failure to Qualify. ................................................................................................  27 
4.  CT/Maintaining Weapons Qualification. ...............................................................  27 
5.  Weapons Employment Parameters. .......................................................................  27 
6.  Full Scale Weapons Delivery (FSWD). .................................................................  28 
Chapter 6—SPECIALIZED TRAINING    29 
1.  General.................................................................................................................  29 
2.  Instructor Upgrade. ...............................................................................................  29 
3.  Flight Examiner (FE) Upgrade. .............................................................................  32 
4.  Contingency and Exercise Pre-Deployment Training. ...........................................  32 
5.  Difference Training. .............................................................................................  33 
6.  Line of Sight Launch and Recovery Element ........................................................  34 
7.  Flight Lead Upgrade (FLUG). ..............................................................................  34 
8.  Mission Commander (MC) Upgrade (MCUG). .....................................................  34 
9.  Test Qualification. ................................................................................................  35 
10.  Automatic Takeoff and Landing Capability ATLC Training. ................................  35 
Attachment 1—GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION    36 
Attachment 2—GLOSSARY OF MISSION/SORTIE AND EVENT DEFINITIONS    46 
Attachment 3—SAMPLE VERIFICATION GUIDE BRIEFING OUTLINE    53 
 

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 5

Chapter 1

ROLES

1.1. Roles and Responsibilities. This manual establishes the minimum Air Force standards for

training, qualifying, and certifying personnel performing aircrew duties in the MQ-9. Note: For

the purposes of this manual, certification denotes a commander's action, whereas qualification

denotes a formal evaluation. Reference AFMAN 11-202 Volume 2, Aircrew Standardization and

Evaluation Program, for an explanation of qualifications versus certifications. Air Combat

Command Directorate of Operations (ACC/A3) is designated the responsible agency for this

manual in accordance with (IAW) AFPD 11-2.

1.1.1. Air Combat Command Director of Operations (ACC/A3) will:

1.1.1.1. Chair annual Combat Air Forces (CAF) Realistic Training Review Board to

review ground and flying training requirements/programs. Board participants include

active and reserve component units/organizations. MAJCOM Directorates of Air

Operations (MAJCOM/A3s) with major weapons systems for which ACC is lead

command will be invited to send representatives and/or inputs.

1.1.1.2. Process all change requests to this manual.

1.1.1.3. Coordinate, publish and distribute the RTM, which describes annual training

requirements for designated combat-coded units.

1.1.2. MAJCOM/A3s (NGB is considered a MAJCOM for the purposes of this manual) may

elect to develop their own training requirements to fulfill Designed Operational Capability

(DOC) statement missions via supplement or in their own MAJCOM-specific guidance.

1.1.3. Direct Reporting Units (DRUs) will:

1.1.3.1. Provide standard instructional texts to support operational weapons/tactics

training. Forward copies to appropriate MAJCOM/A3 and Numbered Air Force

Directorates of Air and Space Operations. (NAF/A3). (T-2)

1.1.3.2. Review, update, and distribute changes to instructional texts. (T-2)

1.1.3.3. Review subordinate unit training programs. (T-2)

1.1.4. Wings/groups will:

1.1.4.1. Develop/approve/implement programs to ensure training objectives are met and

assist subordinate units in management of training programs. (T-2)

1.1.4.2. Attach Aircrew Position Indicator (API) 5/6/8/B/D positions to a flying squadron

and designate the Continuation Training (CT) status for each, except when otherwise

mandated. All API 5/6/8/B/D Air Reserve Component (ARC) crews will have CT status

designated. (T-2)

1.1.4.3. Review programs and manning position designations annually. (T-2)

1.1.4.4. Review training programs and syllabi annually. Forward supplements to this

manual to the MAJCOM OPR for coordination prior to certification and approval to the

National Guard Bureau Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance Operations Division

(NGB/A3/10), Air Force Reserve Command Operations Division (AFRC/A3D). (T-2)

6 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

1.1.5. Squadrons/units will:

1.1.5.1. Follow MAJCOM guidance for documenting aircrew certification. (T-2) Combat-

Coded units will publish a letter of aircrew qualifications/certifications monthly Letter of

Xs (LoX). (T-2) The letter provides a list of pilots and sensor operators that have special

capabilities or qualifications for that month. The letter also provides utilization of Basic

Mission Capable (BMC) and Combat Mission Ready (CMR)/Mission Ready (MR) pilots

and sensor operators (annotate missions/events that maintain qualification/certification).

(T-3)

1.1.5.2. Ensure adequate continuity and supervision of individual training needs,

experience, and proficiencies of assigned/attached aircrew. (T-3)

1.1.5.3. Monitor assigned/attached aircrew currencies and requirements. (T-3)

1.1.5.4. Review training and evaluation records of newly assigned aircrew and those

completing formal training to determine the training required to achieve BMC or

CMR(MR) and to ensure compliance with provisions of this manual. (T-3)

1.1.5.5. Develop unit training programs using RTM guidance and this manual (T-2)

Consider attrition and collateral sorties (including associated training requirements) when

developing unit training and Flying Hour Programs (FHP). (T-2)

1.1.5.6. Ensure individual aircrew members only participate in missions, events, and tasks

for which they are current and qualified/certified (or being trained), and prepared for that

purpose. (T-3)

1.1.5.7. Submit training reports as outlined in MAJCOM RTM guidance. (T-3)

1.1.6. Individual aircrew will:

1.1.6.1. Monitor currencies and requirements established by this instruction (T-3)

1.1.6.2. Only participate in ground and flying activities for which they are being trained

or trained, current and prepared for that purpose. (T-3)

1.2. Waivers. Forward waiver requests through appropriate channels to the applicable

MAJCOM/A3 or equivalent. The MAJCOM/A3 (or equivalent) will notify ACC/A3 and

ACC/A3M of waivers within 72 hours of issuance. Wing commanders (WG/CCs) will notify the

publication OPR within 72 hours of waiver approval. (T-2) Per DAFMAN 90-161, a copy of the

approved waiver must follow within 30 days of issuance. (T-2) An email to the waived publication

OPR that includes a completed DAF Form 679, Department of the Air Force Publication

Compliance Item Waiver Request/Approval or equivalent will suffice. Waiver authority for

supplemental guidance will be as specified in the supplement and approved through higher level

coordination authority.

1.3. Training Programs, Concepts, and Policies.

1.3.1. Units will design training programs to achieve the highest degree of readiness consistent

with flight safety and resource availability. (T-2) Training programs are designed to progress

aircrews from Initial Qualification Training (IQT) (Basic Qualification [B]-course or

Transition/Requalification Training [TX/RQ]), then to Mission Qualification Training (MQT),

CT, and specialized training as required. Training must balance the need for realism against

the expected threat, aircrew capabilities, and safety. This manual provides training guidelines

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 7

for use with operational procedures specified in applicable flying/operations publications listed

in Attachment 1.

1.3.2. Air Combat Command Training Support Squadron (ACC/TRSS) will assist operations

group commanders (OG/CCs) in development of training programs when/where tasked by

ACC/A3. Other MAJCOMs may submit requests for training program support to the ACC/A3.

If validated, these requests will be prioritized and tasked to the ACC/TRSS. Designated test

units (CB-coded) may develop syllabi to upgrade operational test aircrew in support of specific

test plans. These syllabi will be approved by the test group commander. (T-2)

1.3.3. In-flight Supervision: Unless specifically directed, the squadron commander should

determine the level of supervision necessary to accomplish the required training. Should the

mission objectives include introduction to new tasks, or instruction to correct previous

discrepancies, an instructor pilot (IP) or instructor sensor operator (ISO) is required.

1.4. Aircrew Experience.

1.4.1. Aircrew require a minimum number of flight hours to be considered experienced (EXP)

in the aircraft. Inexperienced (INEXP) aircrew train at a higher rate to maintain currency and

proficiency. Refer to the training tables in the most current RTM (or MAJCOM-specific

guidance) for requirements for both EXP and INEXP aircrew.

1.4.2. Experience Definition. Aircrew are considered experienced in the MQ-9 aircraft after

meeting one of the following criteria:

1.4.2.1. Mission Control Element (MCE) Aircrew:

1.4.2.1.1. 550 hours Primary Aerospace Vehicle Inventory (PAI), or

1.4.2.1.2. Experienced in previous manned Mission Design Series (MDS) and 300

hours of PAI, or

1.4.2.1.3. Experienced in MQ-9 Line of Sight (LOS) Launch and Recovery Element

(LRE) (LOS L/R) operations and 150 hours of MCE operations, or

1.4.2.1.4. 550 total Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) hours of which 150 are PAI

1.4.2.2. LOS L/R Aircrew: 275 hours of PAI, of which 75 hours are LOS L/R.

1.4.3. Hours logged in an approved simulator/training device should be counted as hours

towards MQ-9 aircraft experience and LOS L/R experience. Simulator hours will not exceed

50% of the total required to meet an experience threshold. (T-2)

1.5. Ready Aircrew Program (RAP) Guidance (Air Force Special Operations Command

[AFSOC]: N/A).

1.5.1. The RAP training cycle is 12 months, aligned with the fiscal year and executed as

outlined in the RTM (Exception: The Air Education and Training Command training cycle is

12 months, determined by the MAJCOM). RAP training is designed to focus on skills needed

to accomplish DOC-tasked missions following completion of IQT and MQT. RAP mission

and event requirements apply to CMR(MR) and BMC aircrew as well as those individuals

carrying special capabilities or qualifications.

1.5.2. RAP defines the minimum training required to maintain the assigned training status.

8 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

1.5.3. MAJCOMs may augment unit FHPs with a number of attrition sorties that compensate

for non-effective training missions. Aircrew may log any training mission as non-effective

when a major portion of valid training for that type of mission cannot be accomplished due to

poor weather, air aborts, or other unexpected circumstances. In order to allocate the number of

attrition sorties accurately, it is essential that aircrew log non-effective sorties appropriately.

1.5.3.1. An effective RAP mission requires accomplishing a complete tactical mission

scenario or a basic skills mission as defined by the squadron commander, informed by the

RTM. In order to be effective, each mission must successfully complete a sufficient

number of events applicable to that mission type, as determined by the squadron

commander. Aircrew are expected to maximize all training opportunities. This does not

require, nor are aircrew expected to log effective RAP missions when minimal RAP

training occurs on a scheduled RAP sortie. Additionally:

1.5.3.1.1. No more than three RAP sorties/simulators may be logged per 24-hour

period (T-3)

1.5.3.1.2. Individual RAP sorties must be delineated by a natural break in mission flow

such as: break from cockpit of 1 hour or more, or completion and reset of a different

tactical scenario, or an extended transition between operating locations/airspaces. (T-

1.6. Operational Unit Reporting. Operational squadrons will submit periodic and End-of-Cycle

(EOC) RAP training reports as outlined in the RTM. (T-2) Squadrons may submit an out of cycle

report at any time if higher headquarters (HHQ) assistance is required to prepare for DOC or

deployment tasking. Reference current RTM for detailed instructions and report templates.

1.7. Formal Training Unit (FTU) Reporting. FTUs will report on their training health as

directed by owning MAJCOM. (T-2)

1.8. Training Records and Reports.

1.8.1. See AFMAN 11-202 Volume 1, Aircrew Training, and AFMAN 11-202 Volume 2,

Aircrew Standardization and Evaluation Program, and DAFMAN 11-401, Aviation

Management for guidance on maintaining aircrew records for individual aircrew training and

evaluations.

1.8.2. Track the following information for all aircrew, as appropriate:

1.8.2.1. Ground training.

1.8.2.2. Requirements and accomplishment of individual sorties, MAJCOM-specific

sorties and mission types, and events cumulatively for the training cycle.

1.8.2.3. 1-month and 3-month RAP lookback as outlined in the RTM (AFSOC: N/A).

1.8.2.4. Requirements and accomplishment of individual currencies.

1.8.2.5. Weapons employment records in sufficient detail to document all employment

attempts and hit percentages in any appropriate database.

1.8.3. Units may update Aviation Resource Management System (ARMS) training tasks with

“No Date” with either the date of the last FTU or USAF Weapons School (USAFWS)

equivalent training accomplished, or the unit mission certification date.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 9

1.8.4. Units will maintain a training folder (electronic folder is acceptable) for each assigned

and attached aircrew. (T-1) Training folders include information on aircrew

qualifications/certifications and current assignment training documentation (upgrades,

regression, waivers, special qualifications, etc.).

1.9. Mission and Armament Recording.

1.9.1. Aircrew should use and assess all available training documentation, such as Digital

Video/Audio Recording devices, on all missions. Aircrew should review applicable portions

of mission tapes to enhance training.

1.9.2. As a guide, the following items should be reviewed after every mission: airmanship/

situational awareness, safety, flight discipline, crew coordination, weapons parameters,

accuracy, identification procedures, adherence to training rules, communications procedures

and discipline, flight discipline, and tactical employment.

1.9.3. If conducting a launch and recovery (L/R) operation (manual or automatic), then the

following items should be reviewed: airmanship/situational awareness, safety, flight discipline,

crew coordination, pattern procedures, adherence to air traffic control clearance, simulated

engine-out energy assessments, flare execution, aim point/touchdown point, and flight

discipline.

1.10. Unit Manpower.

1.10.1. Commanders will ensure wing/group aircrew (API-1/6/A/B) fill authorized positions

Unit Manning Document (UMD) and that aircrew member status is properly designated. (T-

2) The overall objective is for aircrew to perform combat-related duties. Supervisors may

assign aircrew to valid, short-term tasks (e.g., escort officer, flight evaluation board/mishap

board member), but must continually weigh the factors involved, such as level of aircrew

tasking, flying proficiency, currency, and experience.

1.10.2. While API-1/A-assigned wing aircrew may perform additional duties outside of their

flying squadron for a temporary basis, their primary responsibility is with the squadron to fill

DOC statement tasked missions. Wing leadership should not prioritize workload unrelated to

squadron mission requirements for the employment of squadron API-1/A aircrew.

1.10.3. Commanders will ensure API-6/B pilots on the wing staff perform duties justified in

MAJCOM manpower standards documents and authorized in UMDs. (T-2) (Note: AFRC:

OG/CC may designate API positions as required to meet unit requirements).

10 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

Chapter 2

INITIAL QUALIFICATION TRAINING

2.1. General. This chapter outlines IQT requirements for MQ-9 aircrews. IQT provides the

training necessary to qualify aircrew members in a basic position and flying duties without regard

to the unit’s mission. Upon completion of IQT, aircrews attain basic aircraft qualification (BAQ)

status. Refer to the specific MQ-9 training syllabi for details regarding the IQT courses (Basic

Qualification, Requalification, and Transition), the Launch and Recovery

Qualification/Requalification Course (LRQT), the Formal Training Unit Instructor Upgrade

Training Course (FIUT), the Senior Leader Qualification Training Course (SLQT), and the Senior

Leader Familiarization Training (SLFT) Course. These syllabi take precedence when there are

discrepancies with this chapter.

2.2. Formal Training. IQT, Requalification/Transition, and Senior Officer training will be

conducted during formal syllabus courses at the FTU. Formal course graduates will be proficient

in mission tasks as indicated by the Course Training Standards (CTS) and Required Proficiency

Levels (RPL) of the FTU syllabi. Graduates of IQT and Transition (TX) are BAQ until completion

of MQT. Waiver authorities are defined in the appropriate syllabus and situation.

2.3. Local Training. In exceptional circumstances when FTU training is not available within a

reasonable time period, local IQT, Transition/Requalification, and Senior Officer training may be

performed at the unit. When local training is authorized, the gaining MAJCOM assumes

responsibility for the burden of providing this training. Once local training is authorized, the

OG/CC becomes the delegated approval authority for entry into local training. Local training

programs will be conducted using the appropriate formal course syllabus track, program flow,

requirement, and CTS/RPL. (T-3) Completion of formal training in residence or via secondary

method training waiver results in personnel actions IAW AFMAN 36-2100, Military Utilization

and Classification.

2.4. Approval and Waiver for Local IQT and Local Requalification Training.

2.4.1. B-Course, TX-1, and TX-2 (MCE). Unless specifically delegated, the gaining

MAJCOM/A3 is the approval authority to conduct local IQT and is the waiver authority to

change the requirements of the formal course syllabus.

2.4.2. TX-3 (MCE) / TX-2 (LRE) Requalification. IAW AFMAN 11-202V1, the squadron

commander (SQ/CC) may direct local requalification training for aircrew unqualified up to 39

months at the end of a non-flying assignment, or up to 51 months at the end of any active flying

assignment. Completion of the FTU TX-3 (MCE) or FTU TX-2 (LRE) course satisfies this

requirement (see Education and Training Course Announcement website for details). SQ/CCs

may deviate from the formal training syllabus to accommodate for unit specifics and aircrew

experience, but at a minimum must include all delinquent items and a requalification

evaluation IAW AFMAN 11-202V2. (T-2) Wings will inform ACC/A3M (or MAJCOM

equivalent) when approving local requalification training. (T-2)

2.4.3. Requests to conduct local IQT (paragraph 2.4.1) or local requalification training in

excess of 39 months at the end of a non-flying assignment [or 51 months for flying

assignments] is per AFMAN 11-202V1, paragraph 2.2.2 and will include the following:

2.4.3.1. Justification for the local training in lieu of formal course training. (T-2)

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 11

2.4.3.2. Summary of individual’s flying experience. (T-2)

2.4.3.3. Date training will begin and expected completion date. (T-2)

2.4.3.4. Requested exceptions to formal course syllabus, if any, with rationale. (T-2)

2.5. Course Prerequisite. Should be IAW AFMAN 11-202V1, this manual, the appropriate

formal course syllabus, and Air Force Education and Training Course Announcements (ETCA).

Individuals without prerequisites met or waived may be denied entry into training. (T-2)

2.6. Ground Training. Ground training is accomplished IAW the syllabus. Use available and

current reference materials such as Air Force Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (AFTTP),

instructor guides, and audiovisual programs as supporting materials to the maximum extent

possible. Accomplish simulator missions in an approved training device to the maximum extent

possible.

2.7. Flying Training.

2.7.1. Mission sequence and prerequisites should be based upon required events from the

appropriate formal course syllabus.

2.7.2. Aircrew fly under direct instructor supervision until successful completion of the

qualification evaluation.

2.7.3. Successful completion of IQT requires the upgrading aircrew to complete at a minimum

an aircraft Instrument (INSTM) Qualification (QUAL) evaluation (Pilots), or QUAL (Sensor

Operators), IAW AFMAN 11-202V2 and AFMAN 11-2MQ-9 Volume 2, MQ-9 Aircrew

Evaluation Criteria, as applicable.

2.8. Senior Leader Qualification Course.

2.8.1. All formal training courses for senior leaders (Colonel-selects and above/Chief Master

Sergeants) will be conducted at FTUs unless waived IAW paragraph 2.4.

2.8.2. Senior leaders must meet course entry prerequisites outlined in the ETCA website

(https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/app10-etca/SitePages/Course.aspx?ao=1&i=4232&isdlg=1)

and complete all requirements unless waived.

2.8.3. If a senior leader must be trained at the base to which assigned, the leader will be in

formal training status. (T-2) Unit duties will be turned over to appropriate deputies or vice

commanders until training is completed. (T-2) Exceptions to this policy must be approved by

the gaining MAJCOM/CC (ANG: Air Combat Command Air National Guard Advisor to the

Commander [ACC/CG]) submitted through MAJCOM/A3.

12 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

Chapter 3

MISSION QUALIFICATION TRAINING

3.1. General. MQT is an OG/CC-approved, unit-developed, training program that upgrades

BAQ aircrew to accomplish the unit specific missions. The SQ/CC will develop and maintain

responsibility for the local MQT programs. (T-3) Units are expected to further tailor programs

based on an individual’s current qualifications, experience, currency, documented performance,

and formal training. Applicable portions of MQT may be used to create a requalification program

for aircrew who have regressed from BMC/CMR(MR) to specifically address deficiencies which

caused the regression.

3.2. Unit-Specific Mission Qualification Training (MQT). The SQ/CC should ensure an

aircrew member completes MQT within 90 calendar days (150 calendar days for

ANG/AFRC/AFSOC) after signing in from completion of IQT/RQ (or graduation date for in-

house IQT/RQ), initial sign-in for ops-to-ops assignments, or not later than (NLT) 90 calendar

days post LRQT for new LR crewmembers. If the individual elects to take authorized leave or

permissive Temporary Duty (TDY) prior to entering MQT, the timing will begin after the

termination of leave or permissive TDY, not to exceed 21 days after arriving on station. If the

gaining unit is an LOS LRE, timing starts from the date the member is qualified to perform LOS

L/R events on the aircrew member’s AF Form 8, Certificate of Aircrew Qualification. Training

is complete upon SQ/CC certification to BMC/CMR(MR). MQT will start on the first training

work day after completing base/unit in-processing and/or permissive TDY. In no case will this

date be more than 21 days after arriving on station. If training exceeds the specified limit, units

will notify MAJCOM Aircrew Training Functional (ACC/A3M, AFSOC/A3T, Air Force Reserve

Command Combat Division AFRC/A3D, National Guard Bureau C2ISR Division

NGB/A3/10CI)) of the planned corrective action on a case-by-case basis. (T-2)

3.3. Ground Training. Units develop blocks of training covering areas pertinent to the mission

as determined by the SQ/CC. Training completed during IQT may be credited towards this

requirement.

3.3.1. Newly assigned aircrew require theater indoctrination academics IAW AFMAN 11-

202V1 prior to the first flight. (T-2) Theater indoctrination academics may be accomplished

during MQT academics or as part of the MQT local area orientation briefing.

3.3.2. Verification. CMR aircrew demonstrate satisfactory knowledge of the squadron’s

assigned mission to a formal board established by the SQ/CC. Desired board composition is

SQ/CC or squadron operations officer (SQ/DO) (chairman), weapons officer, intelligence

officer, ISO or squadron operations supervisor, and a plans representative. Suggested

verification briefing guides are in Attachment 3.

3.3.2.1. CMR aircrew will complete a verification within 180 days after completing MQT.

Failure to comply will result in regression to Non-Combat Mission Ready (N-CMR) until

the verification is complete. (T-3)

3.3.2.2. At the discretion of the SQ/CC, BMC aircrew may accomplish a verification to

facilitate future upgrade to CMR status.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 13

3.3.2.3. OG/CC may authorize SQ/CCs to count completion of unit-specific MQT

programs or combat and combat support sorties flown during MQT as satisfying the

Verification requirement.

3.4. Simulator Training.

3.4.1. MQT aircrew fly mission profiles that replicate primary unit mission tasking.

3.4.2. MQT Simulator Event Requirements:

3.4.2.1. Instrument and Emergency Procedures (EP) Events. Personal and mission

preparation, normal ground operations, takeoff (if applicable), flight operations,

navigation, EPs, landing (if applicable), post-flight ground operations, Critical Action

Procedures (CAP), and selected non-CAP EPs.

3.4.2.2. Surface Attack Tactics and Weapons Anomalies Events. Tactical procedures,

tactical navigation, weapons deliveries (normal and backup), weapons anomalies,

emergency divert/recovery procedures, hung ordnance procedures, and selected EPs.

These missions will be accomplished using a tactical scenario.

3.4.2.3. Contested, Degraded, Operationally Limited (CDO) Events. Tactical simulator

training incorporates elements of CDO (per Chapter 4).

3.4.2.4. Integrated Air Defense System (IADS) Events. Tactical simulator training

incorporates elements of IADS (per Chapter 4).

3.5. Flying Training. MQT programs use profiles typical of unit missions. MQT progression

and performance are documented within unit developed gradebooks. The MQT program

culminates with a SQ/CC certification or with an AF Form 8 evaluation per AFMAN11-2MQ-9

Volume 2, MQ-9--Aircrew Evaluation Program, certifying/qualifying the aircrew in the unit’s

mission. Maximum use of armament recording assets and actual deliveries are encouraged on all

MQT missions.

3.5.1. Supervision. An IP and/or ISO, respective to student(s) of similar crew compliment, are

required as a minimum unless specified otherwise.

3.5.2. Breaks in Training. If more than 14 calendar days elapse between sorties, an additional

review sortie may be flown before continuing the program. The SQ/CC may substitute a

simulator mission (with an IP/ISO) for a required review sortie.

14 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

Chapter 4

CONTINUATION TRAINING

4.1. General. This chapter, along with the RTM outlines ground and flying CT requirements for

BAQ, BMC, and CMR(MR) aircrew. Aircrew must be qualified IAW this manual, DAFMAN11-

401, AFMANs 11-202V1/2, AFMAN11-2MQ-9V2 and applicable MAJCOM and local

publications. (T-2) Aircrew must complete IQT to fly in BAQ status; MQT to fly in BMC/CMR

status. (T-2) For test/training-coded units, see paragraph 4.3.3 Applicable training terms and

sortie/event definitions are found in Attachment 1 and Attachment 2, respectively.

4.2. Ground Training. Accomplish ground training IAW the RTM or MAJCOM-specific

guidance. (T-2) Ground training accomplished during IQT/MQT may be credited toward CT

requirements for the training cycle in which it was accomplished. The RTM and/or MAJCOM-

specific guidance may not include all AF ancillary training, which should be tracked at unit level.

4.2.1. Instrument Refresher Course (IRC). Training is required:

4.2.1.1. IAW AFMAN 11-210, Instrument Refresher Program (IRP), AFMAN 11-202V2,

and MAJCOM supplements. (T-2)

4.2.1.2. Units will ensure IRC programs include briefings on recognition and how to deal

with spatial disorientation, unusual attitude recoveries, transition between visual and

instrument conditions, weather avoidance, and navigation procedures. (T-2)

4.2.1.3. Units will develop theater-specific instrument academic programs for inclusion in

their pre-deployment LOS LRE or pre-combat MCE spin-up training programs. (T-2)

Units will include a course on flight operations in icing conditions with emphasis on the

aircraft limitations, capabilities, and avoidance in their theater-specific instrument

academic training. (T-2)

4.2.2. Simulators/Training Devices:

4.2.2.1. The minimum simulator training requirements are defined in the RTM and

MAJCOM-specific guidance. The OG/CC (AFSOC/A3T for AFSOC) can substitute other

approved training devices if a simulator is not available. Units will determine additional

CT training device requirements based on expected employment tasking, training device

capabilities, and mission training objectives. (T-2) Units will determine appropriate

supervision levels for training device missions/tasks. (T-3) Units will track all aircrew

device training used to satisfy RAP and basic skills requirements. (T-3) Note: Aircrew

are not expected to have or gain proficiency in EPs in phases of flight in which they are

not qualified/certified (e.g., LOS L/R or Satellite Communications (SATCOM) L/R ops).

4.2.2.2. Units develop scenarios that cover Mission Essential Tasks, EPs, instrument

approach procedures, and other scenario requirements based on expected unit tasking and

training device capabilities. Place emphasis on training not readily attainable during daily

flying activities. Accomplish inadvertent weather entry procedures and unusual attitude

recovery during instrument or EP training. Tactical and EP missions will be accomplished

in a simulator, if available. (T-3) If required, a cockpit or other Aircrew Training Device

(ATD) may be used to accomplish this training.

4.2.3. Situational Emergency Procedures Training (SEPT).

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 15

4.2.3.1. This monthly training is not an evaluation, but a review of EPs and aircraft systems

operations/limitations during realistic scenarios. One aircrew member presents a situation

and other aircrew members discuss actions necessary to cope with the malfunction and

carry it to a logical conclusion. Special interest items will be emphasized. (T-2)

Incorporate the following elements into the SEPT program:

4.2.3.1.1. The SQ/CC or SQ/DO will be involved in the selection of monthly SEPT

topics. (T-2)

4.2.3.1.2. Develop SEPT scenarios using historical aircraft mishaps/incidents as

baseline cases. (T-2)

4.2.3.1.3. At a minimum, aircrew members will discuss all CAPs applicable to their

qualifications, and at least two additional EPs. (T-2) Additionally, L/R aircrew

members will discuss at least two EPs relevant to L/R operations. (T-2) Units will

review all applicable EPs in Section 3 of the flight and munitions delivery manuals

annually. (T-2)

4.2.3.2. Accomplish SEPTs IAW the current RTM and MAJCOM guidance. Currency

expires at the end of the calendar month following the month in which the SEPT was

credited, regardless of which date the SEPT was completed (e.g., if a SEPT is accomplished

on 1 May, the currency is good through 30 June). Aircrew with expired SEPT are grounded

until the SEPT is completed for that month. Aircrew will accomplish a minimum of one

Supervised SEPT every 180 days with an IP or ISO. (T-2)

4.2.3.2.1. Emergency Procedures Evaluations (EPEs) can be used to fulfill monthly

SEPT requirements. (T-2)

4.2.3.2.2. Completion of an EP simulator profile satisfies the aircrew member’s

monthly SEPT requirement, if not already accomplished. Instructors administering a

supervised EP simulator profile or Flight Examiners (FE) administering EP Evaluations

will satisfy their monthly SEPT requirement. (T-2)

4.2.3.2.3. Formal course student EP simulators can satisfy the monthly SEPT

requirement for the IP/ISO who administers the training. (T-2)

4.2.4. CT Verification. CMR aircrew should participate in a verification as a briefer, board

member, or seminar participant. Verification occurs upon changes to unit tasking, theater, or

mission as directed by the SQ/CC. BMC aircrew should participate in a verification to

facilitate future upgrade to CMR status; at the discretion of the SQ/CC. Aircrew who

participate in a unit deployment to a tasked area of responsibility may receive credit for CT

Verification.

4.2.5. Weapons and Tactics Academic Training. Establish a weapons/tactics academic

training program to satisfy MQT and CT requirements. Accomplish training IAW the RTM

or MAJCOM-specific guidance. (T-2) SQ/CCs provide guidance to the unit weapons shops

on an annual CT weapons and tactics academics program that ensures aircrew are

informed/reminded of new/current MQ-9 weapons, systems, and mission-specific tactics,

techniques, and procedures. Audiovisual/computer based training programs may be used in

place of academic instruction.

16 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

4.2.5.1. Academic instructors should be USAFWS graduates, tactics personnel, or

experienced instructors, and determine training requirements based on unit and theater-

specific mission requirements and unit statement.

4.2.5.2. Instruction and tests will include:

4.2.5.2.1. Air-to-surface weapons: description, operation, parameters, fusing,

limitations, preflight, tactics, normal and EPs. (T-3)

4.2.5.2.2. Capabilities, characteristics, and tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs)

of other CAF assets that the aircraft may integrate with in theater-specific operations.

(T-3)

4.2.5.2.3. AFTTP 3-1.IPE, Tactical Employment IPE; AFTTP 3-1.Threat Guide,

Threat Reference Guide; and AFTTP 3-1.MQ-9, Tactical Employment MQ-9. (T-3)

4.2.5.3. Develop specialized training to support specific weapons, TTPs, mission

capabilities, authentication, Rules of Engagement (ROE), and safe passage procedures, and

where applicable:

4.2.5.3.1. Counterland procedures, to include Strike Coordination and Reconnaissance

(SCAR) procedures, and Close Air Support (CAS) procedures with Forward Air

Controller (FAC) and/or Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC). (T-3)

4.2.5.3.2. Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) procedures, to include

Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA) procedures. (T-3)

4.2.5.3.3. On-Scene Commander (OSC) and Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR)

procedures. (T-3)

4.2.5.3.4. Combat operations lessons learned. (T-3)

4.2.5.3.5. Theater specific threat reviews. (T-3)

4.2.5.3.6. Air Operations in Maritime Surface Warfare (AOMSW). (T-3)

4.2.5.3.7. Incorporate exposure to CDO operations and IADS where appropriate with

unit’s mission and expected operating environment. (T-3)

4.2.6. Take-off/Landing/Go-around Training for LOS L/R-qualified crews. Training is

accomplished IAW the RTM or MAJCOM-specific guidance. (T-2)

4.2.6.1. LOS L/R aircrew receive Take-off/Landing/Go-around academic training during

initial LOS L/R qualification, LOS L/R instructor upgrade, and LOS L/R requalification.

4.2.6.2. Training includes proper manual takeoff/landing techniques and procedures,

approach procedures and techniques, GPS landing system (GLS) use, crosswind landings,

go-arounds (e.g., decision making, planned, un-planned, IP-directed), manual hard

landings, bounces and porpoise recovery, problems associated with limited visual cues,

and Head-Up Display (HUD) symbology. Training should include video from previous

mishaps to show relationship between the lack of visual/somatic-sensory cues, and the

result of continuing a bad approach/manual landing.

4.2.6.3. Automatic Takeoff and Landing Capability (ATLC) Training includes (if

applicable): Runway creation techniques and procedures, pattern profile selection,

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 17

descent/arrival/pattern entry, ATLC engagement/disengagement, ATLC lost link logic,

ATC communications during lost-link, visual cues limitations, minimum sector altitude

(MSA) considerations, checklist limitations, HUD symbology, terminal area environment,

and system malfunction limitations/considerations. When applicable, training will also

include ground operations items: starting, marshalling exam, taxi, e-taxi, after-landing,

shutdown procedures.

4.2.7. Automatic Take-off/Landing/Go-around Training for SATCOM L/R certified MCE

crews. Training is accomplished IAW the RTM or MAJCOM-specific guidance. (T-2)

4.2.7.1. SATCOM L/R certified MCE aircrew receive automatic take-off/landing/go-

around academics training during IQT (when applicable) or unit-conducted top-off

training.

4.2.7.2. Unit conducted top-off training will cover L/R items not incorporated in IQT (if

applicable). Training includes: air traffic control airspace and radio calls, proper automatic

takeoff/landing procedures, descent/approach procedures and techniques, go-arounds (e.g.,

decision making, planned, un-planned, IP-directed), problems associated with limited

visual cues, and HUD symbology. (T-2)

4.2.7.3. Unit conducted top-off training will cover ATLC specific items: In addition to

paragraph 4.2.6.3, training includes divert-vs-RTB considerations, discerning checklist

intent (until appropriate flight manual changes are made), and verification on final for

runways created from imagery. (T-2)

4.2.8. Crew Resource Management (CRM). Aircrew members will participate in MAJCOM

established CRM training every 24 months, or MAJCOM guidance, whichever is more

restrictive. (T-2) The CRM/TEM Program Instructor course may be used to satisfy the

requirement. Training will be tracked in ARMS. (T-2)

4.2.9. Intelligence Training. Units conduct this training as required by the RTM and

MAJCOM-specific guidance. OG/CC determines the focus and extent of academic training.

Align academic training with projected wartime tasking, threats, and unit equipage. Aircrew

intelligence training will include current intelligence covering significant military and political

developments (including threat updates) in the squadron’s mission areas of interest. (T-3)

4.2.10. Law of War (Law of Armed Conflict). See AFI 51-401, The Law of War and

MAJCOM-specific guidance.

4.2.11. Marshalling Exam. See the RTM and WG/CC guidance per AFI 11-418, Operations

Supervision for marshalling exam requirements.

4.2.12. Laser Safety Training. See AFI 48-139, Laser and Optical Radiation Protection

Program; MAJCOM-specific guidance; and the RTM.

4.2.13. Small Arms Training (Group B). See AFI 31-117, Arming and Use of Force by Air

Force Personnel; AFI 36-2654, Combat Arms Program; MAJCOM-specific guidance; and the

RTM for Small Arms Training (Group B) aircrew requirements.

4.2.14. Standardization/Evaluation Test. See AFMAN 11-202V2 and MAJCOM

supplements, if applicable; and the RTM. This ground training item is periodic testing.

18 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

4.2.15. Flight Safety Training. See AFI 91-202, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention

Program; MAJCOM-specific guidance; and the RTM.

4.2.16. Intelligence Oversight Program Training. Units will conduct this training annually.

(T-0). Training should be developed and managed IAW AFI 14-404, Intelligence Oversight;

DoDD 5148.13, Intelligence Oversight; and applicable MAJCOM guidance.

4.2.17. RPA Aircrew Aerospace Physiology Training. See AFMAN 11-403, Aerospace

Physiological Training; AFMAN 11-202V1; MAJCOM-specific guidance, and the RTM.

4.3. Flying Training. All aircrew will accomplish the flight mission/sortie requirements listed in

the most current RTM and MAJCOM-specific guidance as applicable to their crew position and

qualifications. (T-2)

4.3.1. BAQ Requirements. To maintain BAQ, aircrew must:

4.3.1.1. Complete a Qualification (QUAL) flight evaluation IAW AFMAN 11-202V2 &

AFMAN 11-2 MQ-9V2. (T-2)

4.3.1.2. Complete an Instrument (INSTM) flight evaluation IAW AFMAN 11-202V2 &

AFMAN 11-2 MQ-9V2. (T-2)

4.3.1.3. Fly a supervised sortie with an instructor of the same crew position every 60 days

(may be accomplished in approved training device). (T-3)

4.3.1.4. Fly a sortie rate as required to maintain directed currencies. If a BAQ aircrew

member does not fly for 21 days (INEXP) or 30 days (EXP) the next sortie must be flown

with an instructor of the same crew position. (T-3)

4.3.1.5. Unless currently enrolled in a program to achieve CMR(MR)/BMC, BAQ aircrew

remaining in BAQ status for more than 6 months after graduating IQT will be grounded

(except general officers). (T-2).

4.3.2. BMC and CMR(MR) Requirements. BMC and CMR(MR) Flight Mission/Sortie

Requirements and currencies are specified in the RTM or MAJCOM-specific guidance. (T-2)

4.3.3. Designated Training (TF-coded) and Designated Test (CB-coded) Unit Requirements.

4.3.3.1. Aircrew assigned or attached to TF or CB-coded units should fly, as a minimum,

at the BMC rate. (T-3) Formal training syllabus-directed missions and approved test plan

missions apply to BMC rate requirements for TF and CB-coded units respectively.

Exception: Pilots in TF/CB-coded units will fly the Aircraft Handling Characteristics

(AHC), Pattern Proficiency Sortie (PPS) and EP Simulator listed in the RTM or MAJCOM-

specific guidance. (T-2)

4.3.3.2. FTU Instructors (TF-Coded units) must be current and qualified in events they

instruct (T-3)

4.3.3.3. Test Instructors (CB-coded units), SQ/CCs may designate instructors as initial

cadre to instruct new events under an approved test plan.

4.3.3.4. Ground training as directed by the SQ/CC.

4.3.3.4.1. There is no requirement for aircrew assigned or attached to TF-coded or CB-

coded units to accomplish verification.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 19

4.3.3.4.2. There is no requirement for CB-coded units to accomplish formal

intelligence training or weapons and tactics academics. Aircrew will be thoroughly

familiar with current intelligence and weapons and tactics issues affecting on-going test

projects.

4.3.3.5. SQ/CC will direct additional sorties if programmed syllabus or test missions do

not provide aircrew proficiency training. (T-3)

4.3.3.6. INSTM/QUAL mission or instructor flight evaluation, if applicable, IAW

AFMAN 11-202V2, and AFMAN 11-2MQ-9V2. Aircrew assigned/attached to CB-coded

units need not maintain instructor status.

4.4. Special Categories.

4.4.1. Flight Surgeon. Flight surgeons may participate in CT missions as observers. Units will

develop appropriate CT mission programs for assigned flight surgeons. (T-3)

4.4.2. Above-Wing-Level Aircrew.

4.4.2.1. Additional ARC responsibilities for API-8 staff flyers are contained in DAFMAN

11-401 as supplemented by the ANG and AFRC.

4.4.2.2. Mission Directed Training (MDT) for above-Wing-Level personnel (other than

that conducted in support of a formal inspection) requires coordination with the supporting

unit. MAJCOM Division Chiefs are the reviewing authorities for assigned personnel and

will:

4.4.2.2.1. Coordinate with the supporting agency to ensure maintenance of appropriate

ARMS data and provide that data IAW DAFMAN 11-401. (T-3)

4.4.2.2.2. Review assigned aircrew accomplishments and currencies prior to

authorizing participation in MDT. (T-3)

4.4.2.2.3. Provide each aircrew with written documentation specifying the authorized

mission types and events the aircrew may fly. Above-Wing-Level aircrew who fly with

only one unit may receive this from their attached unit commander. (T-3)

4.4.2.3. Above-Wing-Level aircrew maintaining BMC status are exempt from academic

ground training and special training programs within authorized mission areas. Specific

currencies will be provided to the host squadron and squadron supervisors will determine

aircrew qualifications to participate in squadron scenarios for MDT. (T-3)

4.4.3. Active Duty aircrew flying with ANG and AFR units:

4.4.3.1. Wing/group air advisor rated personnel on duty with operational training units can

maintain CMR(MR) and may be qualified as an IP/ISO and FE.

4.4.3.2. Active duty aircrew other than assigned advisors may with ARC units IAW

DAFMAN 11-401 as supplemented by ANG and AFRC.

4.4.3.3. Aircrew on exchange programs from active duty units are authorized mission

oriented sorties IAW specific operations plan that establishes the exchange. SQ/CCs may

authorize their participation IAW their specific experience and qualification.

20  AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1  12 JANUARY 2023 
4.4.3.4.  Headquarters Air Force staff aircrew may participate in tactical training events. 
Each member will present DD Form 2992, Medical Recommendation for Flying or Special 
Operational Duty, currencies, flight qualifications, any other documentation required for 
flight as determined by unit Aviation Resource Management (ARM) office to the unit 
where flying is performed. (T-2) 
4.5.  Currency, Recurrency, and Requalification. 
4.5.1.  Currency. Table 4.1 through Table 4.3 as supplemented by the most current MAJCOM 
specific  RTM  or  MAJCOM  specific  guidance,  defines  currency  requirements  for  MQ-9 
aircrew. If a pilot or sensor loses a particular currency, the individual may not perform that 
sortie or event except for the purpose of regaining currency as noted.  Unless otherwise noted 
in Table 4.1 through Table 4.3, instructors must actually perform the event to update currency. 
(T-2) 
4.5.2.  Noncurrent Versus Unqualified. 
4.5.2.1.  Noncurrent.  An  aircrew  becomes  noncurrent  in  a  particular  currency  if  they 
exceed  the  specified  timeframe  listed  in  Table  4.1  through  4.3  (e.g.,  an  INEXP  pilot 
becomes noncurrent for landing after 30 days from last landing).  Non-current aircrew must 
demonstrate proficiency in non-current event(s) to an instructor in the same crew position 
current and qualified in the event(s).  (T-2)  Events performed under the supervision of an 
instructor may be credited toward the applicable currency period. 
4.5.2.2.  Unqualified. For criteria specified in paragraph 4.5.3, an aircrew can become 
unqualified for LOS L/R landing and MCE currencies per Tables 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3  Aircrew 
can be decertified for SATCOM L/R landing currencies per Table 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3. 
4.5.3.  Recurrency/Requalification.  Aircrew  accomplish  overdue  training  requirements  as 
specified by the SQ/CC before they are considered recertified to perform the task. Aircrew 
overdue on training annotated in Table 4.1 as affecting CMR/BMC status requires regression 
to N-CMR/Non-Basic Mission Capable (N-BMC). 
4.5.3.1.  MCE  Recurrency/Requalification.  Aircrew  require  additional  training  if  a 
currency requirement is not met. 
4.5.3.1.1.  Loss of Mission Sortie or weapons qualifications in Table 4.1 equal to or 
greater than 180 days results in loss of qualification. 
4.5.3.1.2.  Requalify IAW AFMAN 11-202V1, AFMAN 11-202V2, this publication, 
and AFMAN 11-2MQ-9V2. 
4.5.4.  L/R Operations Recurrency/Requalification.  Aircrew require additional training if a 
currency requirement in Table 4.2 and 4.3 is not met.  The following actions are required to 
regain currency or QUAL.  Timing starts from date of loss of currency. (Note: aircrew may 
continue to fly missions not requiring aircraft landing or L/R operations). 
4.5.4.1.  Loss of currency up to/including 90 days. Regain landing (manual or automatic, 
as applicable) currency.  Supervision level is an instructor in the same crew position current 
and qualified in the event. 

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 21

4.5.4.2. Loss of currency 91 to 179 days. Complete the requirements of paragraph 4.5.4.1

above preceded by an instructor supervised simulator including normal, instrument, and

EPs.

4.5.4.3. For LOS L/R: Loss of currency equal to or greater than 180 days. Aircrew

member is unqualified in LOS L/R. Requalify with the LOS L/R syllabus and flight

evaluation IAW AFMAN 11-202V2 and AFMAN 11-2MQ-9V2 at the FTU, or local

training/modified syllabus IAW paragraph 6.6.3.

4.5.4.4. For ATLC Certification: Loss of currency equal to or greater than 180 days.

Aircrew member is uncertified in automatic operations. Recertify with a local

training/modified syllabus IAW paragraph 6.10 and flight certification (if applicable)

IAW AFMAN 11-202V2.

4.5.5. Loss of and Regaining of Instructor Status:

4.5.5.1. Failed flight check results in loss of qualification. To regain instructor status, the

instructor must successfully complete a QUAL/Mission (MSN) flight evaluation IAW

AFMAN 11-202V2 and AFMAN 11-2MQ-9V2. (T-3)

4.5.5.2. Failed qualification, instrument, or tactical examination results in loss of

qualification. To regain instructor status, the instructor successfully accomplishes the

written exam they previously failed. Instructor currency must be regained with an

instructor of the same crew position current and qualified in the event. (T-3)

4.5.5.3. Instructor Pilots (IPs)/Instructor Sensor Operators (ISOs) become unqualified

after loss of instructor currency (Tables 4.1 and 4.3) plus 180 days (e.g., an IP who has not

instructed for 241 days). Timing begins from loss of instructor currency, and requires the

following action:

4.5.5.3.1. Loss of currency up to/including 120 days. Regain instructor currency with

an IP/ISO.

4.5.5.3.2. Loss of currency 121 to/including 179 days. Regain IP/ISO currency IAW

SQ/CC directed program that may result in a flight evaluation.

4.5.5.3.3. Equal to or greater than 180 days. Accomplish an AF Form 8 requalification

evaluation IAW AFMAN 11-202V2 and AFMAN 11-2MQ-9V2.

4.5.5.4. IPs/ISOs instruct events in which they are current and qualified. With SQ/CC

approval, IPs/ISOs who become N-CMR/N-BMC may still instruct in events for which

they are current and qualified.

Table 4.1. Pilot/Sensor Operator Currencies, MCE (Note: Currencies based on MCE

experience level).

EVENT

INEXP

EXP

Affects

CMR

To Regain

Currency

fly:

NOTE

PILOT/SENSOR OPERATOR CURRENCIES, ALL

Mission Currency

Sortie/ATD

Mission Sortie

Yes

Sortie

4, 5

22 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

Air-to-Ground Missile (AGM)

Weapons Delivery

Yes

Event/ATD

1, 4

Guided Bomb Unit (GBU)

Weapons Delivery

Yes

Event/ATD

1, 4

Gaining Handover Procedures

Event/ATD

Losing Handover Procedures

Event/ATD

Takeoff (Automatic)

Event/ATD

Landing (Automatic)

Event/ATD

Buddy Lase Procedures

Event/ATD

Moving Target Track

Event/ATD

Moving Target Attack

Event/ATD

Instructor Event (AFSOC: N/A)

N/A

Event/ATD

1, 2

Notes:

1. Instructors may log this event for currency when they instruct it.

2. WIC student will log this event when executing syllabus directed sorties.

3. Applicable for SATCOM L/R certified crews only.

4. Member goes Non-CMR/unqualified after non-current IAW paragraph 4.5.

5. SQ/CC may authorize ATD (Sim Mission Sortie) for currency, but a minimum of one live

sortie (Mission Sortie) per 60 (INEXP)/90 (EXP) days is required (AFSOC follows MAJCOM

RTM Guidance). (Exception: Aircrew on DOWN/DNIF status may maintain currency in the

ATD IAW DAFMAN 11-401 and AFMAN11-402, Aviation and Parachute Service.)

6. See Mission Currency definition in Attachment 1.

Table 4.2. Pilot Currencies, LOS L/R (Note: Currencies based on LOS L/R experience

level).

EVENT

INEXP

EXP

Affects

CMR

To Regain

Currency

fly:

NOTE

PILOT CURRENCIES, LOS L/R Only

Manual Landing

Yes

Event

2, 4, 5

Manual Takeoff

Event

Automatic Landing

Event/ATD

Automatic Takeoff

Event/ATD

Simulated Flame-out (SFO)

Event/ATD

GLS-aided Visual Approach

Event

Nose Camera Landing

Event

3, 5

Multispectral Targeting System

(MTS) Landing

Event

3, 5

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 23

Notes:

1. Deleted

2. If non-current in this event, crewmember may not perform any L/R events unless supervised.

3. Fulfills requirement for Manual Landing Currency.

4. Member goes Non-CMR/unqualified after non-current IAW paragraph 4.5.

5. Aircrew on DOWN/DNIF status may maintain currency in the ATD IAW DAFMAN 11-401

and AFMAN 11-402.

6. Applicable only to LOS L/R crews certified to perform automatic L/R events.

Table 4.3. Sensor Operator Currencies, LOS L/R (Note: Currencies based on LOS L/R

experience level).

EVENT

INEXP

EXP

Affects

CMR

To Regain

Currency

fly:

NOTE

SENSOR OPERATOR CURRENCIES, LOS L/R Only

Manual Landing

Yes

Event

2, 3

Manual Takeoff

Event

Automatic Takeoff

Event/ATD

Automatic Landing

Event/ATD

Simulated Flame-out (SFO)

Event/ATD

Notes:

1. Deleted

2. If non-current in this event, crewmember may not perform any L/R events unless supervised.

3. Aircrew on DOWN/DNIF status may maintain currency in the ATD IAW DAFMAN 11-401

and AFMAN 11-402.

4. Applicable only to LOS L/R crews certified to perform automatic L/R events.

4.6. Regression.

4.6.1. CMR and BMC Regression for Failure to Meet Lookback (AFSOC: N/A). Reference

the RTM for live fly and simulator lookback requirements and reference Figure 4.1 for

necessary decisions/actions to maintain/regain CMR/BMC status. If aircrew do not meet

lookback requirements throughout the training cycle, SQ/CCs may regress them to N-CMR or

N-BMC status (as applicable), or initiate action to remove them from active flying status.

4.6.2. Regression for Failed Evaluations. In addition to the requirements of AFMAN 11-

202V2 and applicable MDS Volume 2, aircrew who fail a periodic evaluation will regress to

N-CMR/N-BMC as applicable. (T-2) Aircrew will remain N-CMR/N-BMC until

accomplishing AFMAN 11-202V2 requalification requirements and are re-certified by the

SQ/CC. (T-2)

4.6.3. Failure to Maintain Flying Standards. If a qualified aircrew member demonstrates lack

of proficiency or knowledge during CT (not related to a flight evaluation) the SQ/CC may elect

to regress the individual to N-CMR or N-BMC as applicable. These aircrew will remain N-

24 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

CMR or N-BMC until successfully completing corrective action as determined by the SQ/CC,

an evaluation (if required), and are re-certified by the SQ/CC. (T-2)

Figure 4.1. Regression Flow Chart.

4.7. End-of-Cycle Proration. At the end of the training cycle, SQ/CCs may prorate training

requirements when any of the following events preclude training for a portion of the training

period: DOWN/DNIF, emergency leave, permanent change of station (PCS) availability, and non-

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 25

flying TDY/exercises (ANG/AFR: mandatory training required by civilian employment). Loss of

training due to ordinary annual leave will not result in proration. SQ/CCs may consider proration

due to extended poor weather or other environmental factors that preclude the unit from flying for

more than one half of the monthly scheduled flying days (ANG/AFR: End-of-cycle proration is

permitted for documented attrition, such as HHQ or weather cancels, maintenance non-deliveries,

ground or air aborts, in monthly increments when the total number of occurrences ranges from one

half to one times the aircrew’s normal monthly rate of flying).

4.7.1. Proration will only be used to adjust for genuine circumstances of training non-

availability, not to mask training or planning deficiencies.

4.7.2. Proration is based on cumulative days of non-availability for flying (to include post-

deployment compensation time) during the training cycle. Use the most current RTM or

MAJCOM-specific guidance to determine the number of months to be prorated based on

cumulative calendar days of non-availability.

4.7.3. Prorated numbers resulting in fractions of less than 0.5 will be rounded down to the next

lower whole number, but no requirement shall be prorated below one (except when 100 percent

of logged missions/sorties are contingency operations).

4.7.4. Consider newly assigned or converted aircrew and aircrew achieving CMR or BMC

status after the 15th of the month to be in CT on the first day of the following month for

proration purposes. Aircrew will complete prorated RAP sorties/events in CT.

4.7.5. If IQT is re-accomplished, an aircrew member’s training cycle will start over at a

prorated share following completion of IQT/MQT.

4.7.6. SQ/CCs may prorate an aircrew member's last month on station prior to departing PCS

provided they do not exceed one month's proration. Units may consider individuals departing

PCS CMR(MR) for reporting purposes for 60 days from date of last flight, or until loss of

CMR(MR) currency, port call date, or sign in at new duty station.

4.8. Example of the Lookback, Regression, Proration, and Requalification Process. Captain

Smith is an EXP CMR aircrew member with a 1- and 3-month lookback requirement of 4 and 10

RAP sorties respectively. On 3 February, Captain Smith flew a sortie prior to departing for a non-

flying TDY staff tour for two months. Captain Smith reported back for flight duty on 6 April.

What is Captain Smith's status throughout the TDY and on return to flying duty?

4.8.1. The SQ/CC wanted to list Captain Smith as a CMR aircrew member for reporting

purposes throughout the TDY. Therefore, on 1 March, Captain Smith's flight commander

performed the mandatory 1-month lookback (February). Captain Smith only flew one

MAJCOM-specific sortie, failing the 1-month lookback. The flight commander then

performed a 3-month lookback (Dec, Jan, and Feb). This 3-month lookback showed that

Captain Smith flew only seven sorties for the period. Had Captain Smith flown two more

sorties, the SQ/CC could continue him at CMR. However, with seven sorties, Captain Smith

did not meet the 3-month lookback for a CMR aircrew member. The SQ/CC could regress

Captain Smith to N-CMR, but instead elected to put him on probation, still carrying him as

CMR.

4.8.2. The SQ/CC carried Captain Smith on one month's probation. On 1 April, Captain

Smith's 1-month lookback (March) was zero sorties. The SQ/CC must now regress Captain

26 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

Smith to N-CMR. When Captain Smith returns on 6 April, the SQ/CC must place him in a re-

certification program. Upon completing this program, Captain Smith must then re- establish a

1-month lookback by 1 May. Failing to re-establish a 1-month lookback by 1 May forces the

unit to report Captain Smith N-CMR one more month until the next lookback process on 1

June.

4.8.3. If Captain Smith had returned on 22 March and had last landed 48 days ago, he could

fly a RAP sortie with an instructor to regain sortie currency. For CMR purposes, Captain

Smith must fly four RAP sorties to recapture a 1-month lookback and be removed from

probation.

4.8.4. At the end of the training cycle on 30 June, the SQ/CC prorated 2 months of Captain

Smith's total requirements. Despite the proration, Captain Smith was deficient in one RAP

sortie category. The SQ/CC could regress Captain Smith to N-CMR, if deemed significant.

After he accomplished the tailored re-certification program (the deficient sorties), the SQ/CC

re-certified Captain Smith to CMR. This training counts for the new training cycle.

4.9. Contested, Degraded, Operationally Limited (CDO). CDO scenario development will be

included in daily training (aircraft, academics and Full Mission Trainer [FMT]), and also be

incorporated into MSN evaluations and EP evaluations. (T-3) Daily CT flights and simulator

missions should discuss the following CDO areas in relationship to the mission’s profile:

4.9.1. Contested: Electromagnetic spectrum degradation caused by enemy action (jamming).

4.9.2. Degraded: Electromagnetic spectrum and battlespace degradation caused by failed

systems (global positioning system [GPS] degradation/denial, datalink, simple failure).

4.9.3. Operationally limited: Reduced mission effectiveness caused by the physical or

operational environment (system, force structure, ROE/special instructions [SPINS], etc.).

4.10. Integrated Air Defense System (IADS). MQ-9 units’ training programs and syllabi will

include tactical scenarios that includes exposure to IADS commensurate with the unit’s DOC-

tasked missions. (T-3)

4.10.1. Exposure should include opportunities sufficient to practice integrated planning

techniques per AFTTP 3-3.IPE., Integrated Planning and Employment Considerations.

4.10.2. Exposure should provide crews the opportunity to gain familiarity to MQ-9 integration

in force packaging for IADS detection, avoidance, penetration, and destruction.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 27

Chapter 5

WEAPONS EMPLOYMENT QUALIFICATION

5.1. General. Weapons qualification and familiarization requirements are specified in the RTM

or MAJCOM-specific guidance. Weapons delivery and employment parameters are covered in

AFTTP 3-1/3-3.MQ-9. See Attachment 2 for additional guidance.

5.2. Initial Weapons Qualification. Aircrew members must accomplish initial weapons

qualification in any weapons event requiring qualification at CMR or BMC. (T-2) Initial

qualification per AFMAN 11-2MQ-9V2 achieved in IQT/MQT satisfies requirements for

qualification.

5.3. Failure to Qualify. Failure to qualify in one weapon series does not invalidate qualification

in others. SQ/CCs may declare a crewmember unqualified in any weapon, and invalidate all

previous record deliveries for that weapon, at any time during a training cycle without affecting

other weapons qualifications. If qualification is required for CMR(MR) failure to qualify will

result in regression to N-CMR(N-MR) and entry into a re-certification program until re-

qualification is accomplished, unless waived by the OG/CC. (T-2)

5.4. CT/Maintaining Weapons Qualification. The following criteria apply as the minimum

standard to maintain weapons qualifications. Qualifications are valid throughout the following

training period.

5.4.1. Familiarization (FAM). Weapons events tasked at FAM may be basic or tactical

deliveries. Each single pass counts as one delivery. FAM ensures basic familiarity of

applicable weapons. Unless otherwise specified in the RTM, MAJCOM specific guidance, or

formal course syllabi, FAM tasking requires six weapons deliveries annually. FAM for

weapons does not require a hit rate when compared to total employment attempts.

5.4.2. QUAL. Weapons tasked at QUAL must be a tactical, scenario driven delivery. QUAL

tasking ensures aircrew’s proficiency to put appropriate ordnance on target in a tactical

environment. Reference the current RTM, MAJCOM specific guidance, or formal course

syllabi for minimum QUAL requirements.

5.5. Weapons Employment Parameters. The event requirements and parameters listed below

form the basic framework for weapons employment training. All weapons employment will

conform to the limits established for each specific event. Pattern descriptions, procedures, training

rules, and foul criteria are contained in Attachment 2 and AFI 11-214, Air Operations Rules and

Procedures.

5.5.1. AGM-114 Hellfire. A delivery initiated from a maneuver to achieve and maintain line-

of-sight to the target(s). Acquisition, track, laser designation, and launch, followed by egress

IAW AFTTP 3-3.MQ-9, Combat Aircraft Fundamentals MQ-9, is required. Hit criteria: IAW

AFTTP 3-1.Shot/Kill Criteria. May be accomplished in a simulator.

5.5.2. Laser Guided Bomb (LGB). An event in which a combat/training laser is employed to

self-lase simulated/actual ordnance during an LGB delivery. Post-release actions IAW AFTTP

3-3.MQ-9. Simulated or actual delivery of ordnance is required. Hit criteria: IAW AFTTP 3-

1.Shot/Kill Criteria. May be accomplished in a simulator.

28 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

5.5.3. Inertially Aided Munition (IAM). An event in which an aircraft system is used to

determine release parameters for INS/GPS aided/guided munitions (e.g., Joint Direct Attack

Munition [JDAM]). Simulated or actual delivery of ordnance is required. Post-release actions

IAW AFTTP 3-3.MQ-9. Hit criteria IAW AFTTP 3-1.Shot/Kill Criteria. May be

accomplished in a simulator.

5.6. Full Scale Weapons Delivery (FSWD). FSWD (live and inert) is not required for

qualification, but may be required as an annual training requirement. Reference the current RTM

for minimum FSWD annual training requirements.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 29

Chapter 6

SPECIALIZED TRAINING

6.1. General. This chapter establishes the minimum eligibility criteria and the training

requirements for upgrade and specialized training. These capabilities and qualifications are in

addition to primary missions for the unit and may not apply to every crewmember assigned or

attached to the unit.

6.2. Instructor Upgrade. Instructor upgrade is an OG/CC approved, unit-developed, training

program that culminates in instructor qualification.

6.2.1. Instructor candidates are nominated from the most qualified aircrew members,

considering judgment, personal qualities, technical knowledge, and skill. Candidates must be

EXP IAW paragraph 1.4 and mission ready in their unit’s mission. (T-3) SQ/CCs review

and select/approve each instructor candidate.

6.2.1.1. Judgment. The candidate possesses the judgment necessary to meet unexpected or

induced emergencies and the ability to exercise sound judgment through mature realization

of their own, their student’s, and the aircraft’s limitations.

6.2.1.2. Personal Qualities. The candidate has the patience, tact, understanding, and the

knowledge and ability to instruct others.

6.2.1.3. Technical Knowledge. The candidate is thoroughly familiar with respective

aircraft systems and equipment, normal and emergency operating procedures and the

prohibited maneuvers and aircraft performance under all conditions of flight. Additionally,

all instructors and examiners candidates are thoroughly familiar with the applicable

portions of DAFMAN 11-401; AFMANs 11-202V1, 2, and 3; AFMAN 11-2MQ-9,

Volume 3, MQ-9—Operations Procedures; this manual; and AFTTP3-1.MQ-9 and

AFTTP3-3.MQ-9. (T-3)

6.2.1.4. Flying Experience. Candidates possess a reasonable background of flying

experience to have developed desired standard of knowledge, judgment, and proficiency.

Normally, these qualities progress together. However, flying hours alone cannot be

accepted as criteria for any one or all qualities. (T-3)

6.2.1.5. Tactical Experience. The instructor is familiar with how their aircraft can be

employed in threat areas, and are familiar with AFTTP applicable volumes.

6.2.2. MCE Instructor Pilot Upgrade (IPUG) and Instructor Sensor Operator Upgrade (ISUG)

Ground Training. This paragraph, along with paragraphs 6.2.4 and paragraph 6.2.5, outlines

the minimum requirements for unit MCE IPUG and ISUG. (T-3)

6.2.2.1. Principles of Instruction/Instructor Theory. Learning objectives, instructor

responsibilities, instructor-student relationship, training facilities, publications, and MDS

specific training considerations.

6.2.2.2. Techniques of Flight Instruction. Training objectives and environment,

recognition and analysis of common aircrew errors, maneuver demonstration, task

performance and review, and instructional limitations.

30 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

6.2.2.3. Conduct of Flight Briefing. Instructor provides an example of an instructional

flight briefing. IPUG/ISUG trainee learns different techniques to deliver an instructional

flight briefing (use of briefing guides and audiovisual aids, briefing, questioning

techniques, and use of recorded media during flight execution for review during debrief).

6.2.2.4. IPUG/ISUG-Led Instructor Flight Briefing. IPUG/ISUG trainee conducts a

mission brief providing “how to” instruction using techniques learned from paragraph

6.2.3.3 IPUG/ISUG trainee accomplishes pre-mission planning, determine level of

assistance the “student” needs, determine mission requirements, and brief mission

execution from beginning to end.

6.2.2.5. Systems Refresher Training. Instructor candidates demonstrate an advanced

knowledge of cockpit and aircraft systems and associated operational equipment to include:

power-up, power-down, and reboot procedures, emergency shutdown procedures,

expanded checklist procedures, pilot-sensor operator (PSO) rack displays, controls and

procedures, internal and external communication procedures, aircraft operations and

limitations, and airborne handover procedures.

6.2.2.6. Debriefing Fundamentals. Instructor reviews mission planning, execution, and

debriefing to include administration, reconstruction, review of recorded media, and lessons

learned. IPUG/ISUG trainee learns how to identify root causes and provide instructional

fixes to correct errors where improper procedures are used.

6.2.2.7. IPUG/ISUG Led Academic Lesson Instruction. IPUG/ISUG trainee delivers a

mission instructional briefing to cover specific systems or mission academics.

6.2.2.8. Instructor CRM. See AFMAN 11-290 Cockpit/Crew Resource Management and

Threat & Error Management Program and MAJCOM supplements for Instructor CRM

training requirements prior to assuming duties as an instructor. This lesson covers leading

a crew as an instructor. Instructor CRM training may be accomplished prior to entering

instructor upgrade training. All instructors will annotate “CRM/TEM Program Instructor”

in their training records IAW AFMAN 11-290.

6.2.2.9. Student Evaluations. Review AFMAN 11-202V2 and AFMAN 11-2MQ-9V2

standards to provide a frame of reference for new instructors on what boundaries exist for

training and the standards students should be held to for success.

6.2.3. Instructor Upgrade Device Training. IPUG/ISUG trainees should receive the following

simulator/training device (ATD) training functions:

6.2.3.1. Operation and Procedures. The IPUG/ISUG trainee learns training device power

up and power down procedures and instructor operator station (IOS) power up and power

down procedures. The upgrade student operates the IOS. The upgrade student loads and

runs a tactical scenario and make injects to the scenario.

6.2.3.2. Tactical Mission Instruction. Trainee performs instructor duties and other tasks

as required for a simulator training mission.

6.2.3.3. Emergency Procedures Instruction. The IPUG/ISUG trainee conducts instruction

on EPs with emphasis on recognition and correction of the EP. IPUG/ISUG candidates are

able to teach students to recognize the correct emergency situation and take proper

corrective action.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 31

6.2.4. MCE Instructor Upgrade Flight Training. Specific training events do not have to be

accomplished on specified sorties. However, all events must be accomplished within the

construct of the upgrade program. (T-3) Ku link (SATCOM band) and Handover

(gaining/losing) procedures may be instructed on any sortie. Inability to complete specific

training events need not delay certification. In such cases, SQ/CC will certify instructors with

appropriate limitations to preclude performance of duties in which training is incomplete (T-

2) Unit programs should specify which tasks the upgrade candidate will practice

demonstrating, which tasks they will practice evaluating another’s performance, and which

tasks they will do both.

6.2.4.1. Basic Instruction Sortie. Practice instructing basic flight procedures.

6.2.4.1.1. Specific Tasks:

6.2.4.1.1.1. In-flight instruction:

6.2.4.1.1.1.1. CRM and crew coordination

6.2.4.1.1.1.2. In-flight checks, checklist procedures

6.2.4.1.1.2. Mission briefing and debriefing:

6.2.4.1.1.2.1. Operational mission

6.2.4.1.1.2.2. Emergency mission management

6.2.4.1.1.2.3. Weather checks.

6.2.4.1.2. IPUG trainees practice instructing aircraft handling and navigation

procedures, automatic takeoff and landing (if applicable), and SATCOM taxi (if

applicable).

6.2.4.1.3. ISUG trainees practice instructing MTS employment, automatic takeoff and

landing (if applicable), and SATCOM taxi (if applicable).

6.2.4.2. ISR Sortie. Practice instructing an ISR mission in support of tactical objectives.

Specific tasks: mission planning, briefing, in-flight instruction, CRM and crew

coordination, in-flight checks and checklist procedures, sensor (e.g., Electro Optical and

Infrared, Synthetic Aperture Radar, Signals Intelligence capabilities and limitations, target

acquisition procedures, sensor cross-cueing, time management [mission and target

prosecution], threat avoidance, navigation procedures, operational and emergency mission

planning, airspace management and debriefing).

6.2.4.3. Mission Instructor Sorties. On at least two sorties the IPUG/ISUG trainee will

perform instructor duties and other tasks as required for real-world mission

accomplishment. (T-2) Specific tasks: In-flight instruction; CRM and crew coordination;

in-flight checks and checklist procedures (including automatic takeoff/landing if

applicable); Fuel, Emitters, Navigation, Communication, and Engage (FENCE) checks:

CDO: weapons employment: airspace management: mission briefing and debriefing: threat

avoidance; and navigation procedures. Training should include a representative sample of

unit DOC-tasked missions.

6.2.4.4. Flight Evaluation. Complete an instructor flight evaluation IAW AFMAN 11-

202V2, AFMAN 11-2MQ-9V2, MAJCOM, and unit requirements.

32 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

6.2.5. LOS L/R Instructor Upgrade. LOS L/R instructor candidates will meet all of the above

requirements and be experienced in LOS L/R operations. (T-3) LOS L/R instructor candidates

should review LOS L/R-related Flight Crew Information Files, LOS L/R operational guidance,

local operating procedures, traffic pattern operations, airfield procedures, and frequency

coordination. In addition, LOS L/R instructor candidates should receive training from a current

and qualified LOS L/R instructor of the same crew position in at least:

6.2.5.1. One simulator sortie covering common errors experienced in the LOS L/R

environment, EPs during LOS L/R operations (e.g., Simulated Flame Outs (SFO), aborts),

and instructor intervention techniques.

6.2.5.2. One flight in which the candidate demonstrates the ability to provide instructor

demonstrations of LOS L/R procedures. Specific Tasks: aircraft launch and recovery

procedures, patterns and landings, approaches (instrument and visual), SFOs, and boresight

procedures.

6.2.5.3. One flight in which the candidate demonstrates the ability to instruct an LOS L/R

recurrency event.

6.2.6. FTU Instructors. Aircrew designated for FTU instructor duties should already be an

MCE or LOS L/R instructor in the MQ-9 for the gaining FTU. They should complete the

applicable MQ-9 FIUT syllabus for the FTU.

6.3. Flight Examiner (FE) Upgrade. FE upgrades and certification are accomplished IAW

AFMAN 11-202V2, AFMAN 11-2MQ-9V2, and applicable MAJCOM supplements.

6.4. Contingency and Exercise Pre-Deployment Training. Units should conduct this training

prior to deploying in support of contingency operations or combat exercises. The objective of this

training is to ensure aircrew member’s ability to conduct all missions in support of expected

tasking.

6.4.1. Exercises. For exercises, units are responsible for referring to appropriate exercise plans

(EXPLAN) and contacting appropriate exercise points of contact to determine expected

mission tasking.

6.4.2. Contingency Operations. For contingency operations, units are responsible for

contacting appropriate gaining command or organizations to determine expected mission

tasking. Prior coordination ensures unit preparation for the appropriate tasking and allows the

responding OG/CC to tailor spin-up training for the theater, threat, and tactics for the assigned

task. The SQ/CC is responsible for implementing spin-up training, prosecuting the required

missions, and determining the specific requirements necessary to reach the desired level of

proficiency. Unit training emphasizes preparation for missions not accomplished in daily

operations. Conduct spin-up training IAW all applicable instructions. Deploying aircrew

complete applicable Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and high-yield Explosives

(CBRNE) defense training courses, and other required pre-deployment requirements IAW

applicable directives. OG/CCs are responsible for ensuring all participating aircrew are ready

to execute contingency operations and are proficient to conduct all missions in support of

expected tasking.

6.4.3. Attached and Supporting Aircrew. Aircrew not assigned to the supported SQ receive

spin-up training as determined by the supported SQ/CC. This requirement applies to all

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 33

attached aircrew (e.g., OG, WG, HHQ staffs) and all aircrew supporting from any other SQ.

The objective of this spin-up training is to ensure attached and supporting aircrew are proficient

to conduct all expected missions. The supported SQ/CC determines the amount of spin-up

training required for each attached and supporting aircrew based on the individual's level of

proficiency, currency, qualification, experience, and any other requirements. The supported

and supporting SQ/CCs (or equivalent) will jointly agree on the administration,

documentation, and evaluation of required spin-up training. (T-3)

6.4.4. Ground Training. Aircrew are required to complete academic training prior to

contingency operations or exercises. (T-3) Units will brief contingency (or exercise) SPINS,

ROE, and Command and Control (C2) procedures. (T-3) Programs should emphasize

deployment airfield capabilities, limitations, approach procedures, and hazards. In addition, air

defenses, area terrain, weather, unique operating procedures, threat assessments, training

materials, and expected collection tasking should be addressed.

6.4.5. Flying Training. Spin-up training should be tailored to ensure all supporting aircrew

are proficient, current, and qualified in expected mission tasking.

6.5. Difference Training.

6.5.1. Difference training for initial cadre is usually conducted under the supervision of the

engineering specialists (usually coordinated through program office officials) responsible for

improving the aircraft systems (e.g., new engines, baseline upgrades, major software changes).

These personnel will provide training for an initial cadre whenever possible. In some

instances, it will be necessary for units to form an initial cadre of personnel for whom certain

training requirements will be waived. Instructors completing difference training will provide

upgrade training to other unit aircrew. Air Force Life Cycle Management Center/WII,

Detachment 3 (AFLCMC/WII Det 3) will be considered the primary unit for difference training

when new systems come online which represent major changes from current configurations;

the 53d Test and Evaluation Group (53 TEG)/556th Test and Evaluation Squadron (556 TES)

is the alternate unit. (T-2)

6.5.2. The following conditions apply to management of initial cadre qualification:

6.5.2.1. Form a nucleus of instructor and FE personnel (initial cadre) to begin aircrew

upgrades. Initial cadre will not be designated in a crew position higher than currently held

unless previously qualified. The host unit providing training will document all difference

training and maintain the training folder until successful completion of the upgrade

program. Initial cadre aircrew are responsible for completing recommended training on

any equipment, systems, or crew procedures which differ from that in the MDS they are

currently qualified. (T-2)

6.5.2.2. The OG/CC (or equivalent) should determine which training events are

applicable, after examining the training and evaluation records of initial cadre and

determine if a certification is applicable or whether a qualification evaluation (check ride)

is required. The OG/CC may require aircrew to complete a written examination prior to

unsupervised flight when EPs have changed even if an AF Form 8 flight evaluation is not

required. Units should forward a copy of proposed training qualification plan to

MAJCOM/A3 when training requires a flight evaluation.

34 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

6.5.3. Difference training not requiring an evaluation must be annotated in the individual’s

training records and tracked in the unit LoX. (T-2)

6.6. Line of Sight Launch and Recovery Element (LOS L/R) Training. The goal of this

training is to produce aircrew proficient in manual MQ-9 launch, takeoff, pattern, handoff,

transition, landing, and recovery operations. The primary method of course completion is at an

FTU. Secondary method of training is in-unit (if primary method unavailable) using formal school

courseware and syllabi. Completion of LOS L/R QUAL training will conclude with an AF Form

8 flight evaluation IAW AFMAN 11-202V2 and applicable AFMAN 11-2MQ-9V2. (T-2)

6.6.1. Upgrade to LOS L/R operations is at the discretion of the SQ/CC based on standard

squadron operations, taskings, and manning. Crews performing LOS L/R operations will be

qualified IAW AFMAN 11-2MQ-9V2. (T-2)

6.6.2. For individuals never qualified in MQ-9 LOS L/R operations, upgrade training will

meet the syllabus course prerequisites and follow the course flow in the MQ-9 Pilot and Sensor

Operator LRQT course syllabus. (T-2)

6.6.3. The OG/CC may approve local LOS L/R requalification training to aircrew previously

qualified in LOS L/R operations within the last three years. Timing starts from the date of the

loss of LOS L/R QUAL. An abbreviated SQ/CC-approved course may be administered. Units

should forward copy of unit re-qualification program to gaining MAJCOM Aircrew Training

function (ACC/A3M, AFSOC/A3T, NGB/A3/10O, AFRC/A3D).

6.6.3.1. SQ/CCs should base unit-level LOS L/R training programs on the applicable MQ-

9 LRQT course.

6.6.3.2. Mishap videos should be used to the maximum extent possible when reviewing

MQ-9 landing mishaps.

6.7. Flight Lead Upgrade (FLUG).

6.7.1. FLUG is an OG/CC approved, unit-developed, training program that culminates in

flight lead (FL) certification. SQ/CCs select only the most qualified aircrew members as FLs

considering judgment, personal qualities, technical knowledge, skill, and experience. SQ/CCs

will personally review each FL candidate’s qualifications. (T-2)

6.7.2. SQ/CCs ensure the following guidelines are met:

6.7.2.1. All FLUG training will be under the direct supervision of an IP/ISO. (T-3)

6.7.2.2. A dedicated FL certification mission will be flown with the SQ/CC or a designated

representative. (T-3)

6.7.3. FLUG Missions and Events. Units tailor FLUG missions and events to unit DOC

statement.

6.7.4. The SQ/CC may combine FLUG and Mission Commander (MC) Upgrade for

candidates deemed appropriate.

6.8. Mission Commander (MC) Upgrade (MCUG).

6.8.1. MC Prerequisites. MCUG is an OG/CC approved, unit-developed, training program

that culminates in MC certification. SQ/CCs select pilots certified as a FLs for MC upgrade

based on proficiency and experience.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 35

6.8.2. MC Responsibilities.

6.8.2.1. The MC is responsible for planning, coordinating, briefing, executing, and

debriefing joint/composite force employment packages. Certified MCs are authorized to

lead joint/composite force training.

6.8.2.2. MCs may delegate authority and responsibility for a portion of the mission to a

package commander/deputy MC.

6.8.3. MC Ground Training. Units develop local training in the following areas:

6.8.3.1. Review AFTTP 3-1 volumes for specific MC checklists and considerations.

6.8.3.2. Mission Planning Considerations. Airspace requirements/restrictions, air traffic

control restrictions/considerations/flight plans, air refueling operations, inter-unit

coordination, Air to Air (A/A) and Air to Ground (A/G) force integration, IADS

penetration/avoidance, on-range controlling agencies coordination, and C2 coordination.

6.8.4. MC ATD (Air Training Device) Training. Units should incorporate, as available, one

ATD profile prior to MC certification.

6.8.5. MC Flight Training. The upgrading MC observes a certified MC during the planning,

briefing, flight, and debriefing of at least one composite force mission prior to certification.

The upgrading MC then plans, briefs, flies, and debriefs a minimum of one mission under the

supervision of an MC-certified IP. Unit tasking should drive force composition and

adversaries. (T-2)

6.9. Test Qualification. The 556th Test and Evaluation Squadron Commander (556 TES/CC)

ensures newly assigned and attached aircrew members complete a unit derived program to certify

aircrew members as test qualified.

6.10. Automatic Takeoff and Landing Capability ATLC Training.

6.10.1. ATLC Training is an OG/CC approved, unit-developed, training program that

culminates in ATLC certification. Units will develop an ATLC training program to certify

ATLC (either SATCOM or LOS L/R) crews. (T-2) The training program will mirror unit

developed MQT program, and may be executed concurrently with MQT crews or stand-alone

for current CMR/BMC crews. (T-2)

6.10.2. Unit ATLC training program will (at a minimum):

6.10.2.1. Train to ACC approved Training Task List (TTLs) for ATLC related items

pertaining to IQT. (T-3)

6.10.2.2. Training items recommended by 556 TES Operational Test Bulletin. (T-3)

6.10.2.3. Local considerations. (T-3)

JAMES C. SLIFE, Lt Gen, USAF

Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations

36 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

Attachment 1

GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION

References

AFI 11-214, Air Operations Rules and Procedures, 8 July 2020

AFI 11-418, Operations Supervision, 22 December 2021

AFI 14-404, Intelligence Oversight, 3 September 2019

AFI 31-117, Arming and Use of Force by Air Force Personnel, 6 August 2020

AFI 33-322, Records Management and Information Governance Program, 23 March 2020

AFI 36-2654, Combat Arms Program,16 April 2020

AFI 48-139, Laser and Optical Radiation Protection Program, 30 September 2014

AFI 51-401, The Law of War, 3 August 2018

AFI 91-202, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program, 12 March 2020

AFMAN 11-2MQ-9, Volume 2, MQ-9 Aircrew Evaluation Criteria, 12 January 2023

AFMAN 11-2MQ-9, Volume 3, MQ-9 Operations Procedures, 12 January 2023

AFMAN 11-202, Volume 1, Aircrew Training, 27 September 2019

AFMAN 11-202, Volume 2, Aircrew Standardization/Evaluation Program, 30 August 2021

AFMAN 11-202, Volume 3, Flight Operations, 10 January 2022

AFMAN 11-210, Instrument Refresher Program (IRP), 21 December 2021

AFMAN 11-290, Cockpit/Crew Resource Management and Threat & Error Management

Program, 25 October 2021

AFMAN 11-402, Aviation and Parachute Service, 24 January 2019

AFMAN 11-403, Aerospace Physiological Training, 13 August 2020

AFMAN 36-2100, Military Utilization and Classification, 7 April 2021

AFPD 11-2, Aircrew Operations, 31 January 2019

AFPD 11-4, Aviation Service, 12 April 2019

AFTTP 3-3.IPE, Integrated Planning and Employment Considerations, 4 Feb 2022

AFTTP 3-1.IPE, Tactical Employment IPE, 4 Feb 2022

AFTTP 3-1.Shot/Kill Criteria, 9 April 2021

AFTTP 3-1.Threat Guide, Threat Reference Guide

AFTTP 3-1.MQ-9, Tactical Employment MQ-9 (S), 9 April 2021

AFTTP 3-3.MQ-9, Combat Fundamentals MQ-9, 9 April 2021

DAFMAN 11-401, Aviation Management, 27 October 2020

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 37

Adopted Forms

AF Form 8, Certificate of Aircrew Qualification

DAF Form 679, Department of the Air Force Publication Compliance Item Waiver

Request/Approval

DAF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication

DD Form 2992, Medical Recommendation for Flying or Special Operational Duty

Abbreviations and Acronyms

A3—Director of Operations

A/A—Air-to-Air

A/G—Air to Ground

ACC—Air Combat Command

ADO—Assistant Operations Officer

AF—Air Force

AFI—Air Force Instruction

AFLCMC—Air Force Life Cycle Management Center

AFMAN—Air Force Manual

AFPD—Air Force Policy Directive

AFR—Air Force Reserves

AFRC—Air Force Reserve Command

AFSOC—Air Force Special Operations Command

AFTTP—Air Force Tactics, Techniques and Procedures

AGM—Air-to-Ground Missile

AHC—Aircraft Handling Characteristics

ANG—Air National Guard

AOMSW—Air Operations In Maritime Surface Warfare

API—Aircrew Position Indicator

ARC—Air Reserve Component

ARM—Aviation Resource Management

ARMS—Aviation Resource Management System

ATD—Aircrew Training Device

ATLC—Automatic Takeoff and Landing Capability

BAQ—Basic Aircraft Qualification

38 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

BMC—Basic Mission Capable

C2—Command and Control

CAF—Combat Air Forces

CAP—Critical Action Procedure

CAS—Close Air Support

CBRNE—Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and High-Yield Explosive

CB—Coded—Designated Test Aircraft

CDO—Contested, Degraded, Operationally Limited

CMR—Combat Mission Ready

CRM—Crew Resource Management

CSAR—Combat Search and Rescue

CT—Continuation Training

CTS—Course Training Standards

DNIF—Duty Not Involving Flying

DOC—Designed Operational Capability

DRU—Direct Reporting Unit

DTV—Day TV

EP—Emergency Procedure

EPE—Emergency Procedures Evaluation

EOC—End of Cycle

ETCA—Education and Training Course Announcements

EXP—Experienced

EXPLAN—Exercise Plan

FAC—Forward Air Controller

FAM—Familiarization

FE—Flight Examiner

FENCE—Fuel, Emitters, Navigation, Communication, and Engage

FHP—Flying Hour Program

FIUT—Formal Training Unit Instructor Upgrade Training

FL—Flight Lead

FLUG—Flight Lead Upgrade

FMT—Full Mission Trainer

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 39

FOA—Field Operating Agency

FTU—Formal Training Unit

GBU—Guided Bomb Unit

GLS—GPS Landing System

GPS—Global Positioning System

HHQ—Higher Headquarters

HQ—Headquarters

HUD—Head Up Display

IADS—Integrated Air Defense System

IAW—In Accordance With

ID—Identification

INEXP—Inexperienced

INFLTREP—In Flight Report

INSTM—Instrument

IP—Instructor Pilot

IPUG—Instructor Pilot Upgrade

ISUG—Instructor Sensor Operator Upgrade

IQT—Initial Qualification Training

IRC—Instrument Refresher Course

IRP—Instrument Refresher Program

ISO—Instructor Sensor Operator

ISR—Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance

JTAC—Joint Terminal Attack Controller

L/R—Launch and Recovery (both manual and automatic)

LOS—Line of Sight

LOS L/R—Line of Sight Launch and Recovery

LoX—Letter of X’s

LRE—Launch and Recovery Element

LRQT—Launch and Recovery Qualification Training

MAJCOM—Major Command

MAJCOM/A3s—MAJCOM Directorates of Air and Space Operations

MC—Mission Commander

40 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

MCUG—Mission Commander Upgrade

MCE—Mission Control Element

MDS—Mission Design Series

MDT—Mission Directed Training

MQT—Mission Qualification Training

MR—Mission Ready

MSA—Minimum Sector Altitude

MSN or Msn—Mission

MTS—Multispectral Targeting System

N/A—Not Applicable

N-BMC—Non-Basic Mission Capable

N-CMR—Non-Combat Mission Ready

NGB—National Guard Bureau

NLT—Not Later Than

OG—Operations Group

OG/CC—Operations Group Commander

OPR—Office of Primary Responsibility

OSC—On-scene Commander

OT—Operational Test

PAI—Primary Assigned Inventory

PCS—Permanent Change of Station

PIC—Pilot In Command

PPS—Pattern Proficiency Sortie

PSO—Pilot/Sensor Operator

QUAL—Qualification

RAP—Ready Aircrew Program

ROE—Rules of Engagement

RPA—Remotely Piloted Aircraft

RPL—Required Proficiency Level

RQ—Requalification or Requalified

RSTA—Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition

RTM—RAP Tasking Memorandum

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 41

SAR GMTI—Synthetic Aperture RADAR Ground Moving Target Indicator

SATCOM L/R—Satellite Communications Launch and Recovery

SCAR—Strike Coordination and Reconnaissance

SEPT—Situational Emergency Procedure Training

SFO—Simulated Flameout

SLQT—Senior Leader Familiarization Training

SLQT—Senior Leader Qualification Training

SO—Sensor Operator

SPINS—Special Instructions

SQ—Squadron

SQ/CC—Squadron Commander

SQ/DO—Squadron Operations Officer

TDY—Temporary Duty

TEG—Test and Evaluation Group

TES—Test and Evaluation Squadron

TF—Training Coded Units

TTP—Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures

TX—Transition and Requalification

UMD—Unit Manning Document

USAF—United States Air Force

USAFWS—USAF Weapons School

WIC—Weapons Instructor Course

WG—Wing

WG/CC—Wing Commander

Office Symbols

556th TES/CC—556th Test and Evaluation Squadron Commander

ACC/A3—Air Combat Command Directorate of Air and Space Operations

ACC/A3M—Air Combat Command Persistent Attack and Reconnaissance Division

ACC/A3MQ—Air Combat Command MQ-9 Operations Branch

ACC/CG—Air Combat Command Air National Guard Advisor to the Commander

ACC/TRSS—Air Combat Command Training Support Squadron

AF/A3TF—Air Force Total Force Aircrew Management Directorate

42 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

AFLCMC/WII Det 3—Air Force Life Cycle Management Center/WII, Detachment 3

AFRC/A3D—Air Force Reserve Command Operations Division

AFSOC/A3T—Air Force Special Operations Command Operations Training Division

NGB/A3/10—National Guard Bureau Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance Operations

NGB/A3/10CI—National Guard Bureau C2ISR Division

NGB/A3/10O—National Guard Bureau Combat Air Forces Division

Terms

Air Reserve Component (ARC)—ANG and AFR units and aircrew members, both associate and

unit-equipped.

Aircrew—For the purpose of this manual, aircrew is defined as any current and qualified, rated

officer performing MQ-9 Pilot duties and a current and qualified, Remotely Piloted Aircraft Sensor

Operator performing Sensor Operator duties. In the event of instruction or evaluation, aircrew may

consist of one or more additive members; with an instructor over the shoulder getting a crew

member recurrent, the member in the seat may be noncurrent in one or more events.

Aircrew Training Device (ATD)—A training device used to prepare aircrew members for the

actual performance of flight duties. The official categories for ATDs are Flight Simulators, Flight

Training Devices, Aircraft System Trainers, and Other (for those that do not fall into the first three

categories). ATDs are cockpit familiarization trainer, cockpit procedures trainer, operational flight

trainer, part task trainer, and weapon system trainer to name a few.

Automatic Takeoff and Landing Capability (ATLC)—Technology on appropriately configured

MQ-9 that permit automatic takeoff and landing. Term utilized to describe the capability or

equipment irrespective of LRE or MCE.

Basic Aircraft Qualification (BAQ)—A status of an aircrew member who has satisfactorily

completed training prescribed to maintain the skills necessary to fly the unit aircraft. The member

performs at the minimum frequency necessary to meet the most recent sortie and flight standards

set for the weapons system. BAQ will only be carried by aircrew until completion of MQT. BAQ

is not a permanent qualification except for General Officers above the wing level, and any other

aircrew members specifically authorized by MAJCOM/A3. BAQ aircrew are not authorized to

perform RAP-tasked combat event/sorties without supervision by an instructor.

Basic Mission Capable (BMC)—The status of an aircrew member who has satisfactorily

completed MQT or FTU Instructor Pilot Upgrade or Instructor Sensor Upgrade, prescribed to be

fully qualified to perform the basic unit operational missions, but does not maintain CMR status.

Aircrew members accomplish training required to maintain familiarity in all, and may be qualified

and proficient in some, of the units primary missions. BMC crewmembers may also maintain

special capabilities.

CB-Coded—Designated Test Aircraft

Certification—Procedure used to document competency in a particular task. Not interchangeable

with “qualification,” which requires AF Form 8/AF Form 8a, Certification of Universal Aircrew

Qualification documentation.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 43

Combat Mission Ready (CMR)—A status of an aircrew member who has satisfactorily

completed MQT, prescribed to be fully qualified to perform the basic unit operational missions,

and maintains qualification and proficiency in these missions. All CC-coded active duty API-1,

API-2, SQ/CC, SQ/DO, and OG/CC designated API-6 manning positions are required to maintain

CMR. Exception: If a unit is over-manned, they may elect to train the front line of their UMD to

CMR with the overage designated as BMC.

Continuation Training (CT)—Training to maintain proficiency and improve aircrew capabilities

to perform unit missions and PPS not flown in formal syllabus missions, tests, or evaluations.

Applicable to CMR(MR) and BMC aircrew.

Currency—A measure of how frequently and/or recently a task is completed. Currency

requirements should ensure the average aircrew member maintains a minimum level of proficiency

in a given event.

Emergency Procedures Evaluation (EPE)—A flight, simulator, or verbal evaluation used to

evaluate EPs and systems knowledge.

Familiarization (FAM)—A level of familiarity with a given system or event provided in training

that is not in-depth enough to expect the aircrew member to achieve proficiency. Aircrew members

are not expected to maintain currencies in FAM events or systems. Normally requires a minimum

of six weapons deliveries for Precision Guided Munitions and bombing events in a twelve month

cycle.

Flight Lead (FL)—As designated on flight orders, the pilot responsible for overall mission

conduct from preflight preparation and briefing to post-flight debriefing, regardless of actual

position within the formation. A 2-ship FL is authorized to lead an element in a larger formation.

If approved by the SQ/CC, a 4-ship FL is considered a multi-ship FL and may lead formations and

missions in excess of four aircraft.

Initial Qualification Training (IQT)—Training needed to qualify aircrew for basic aircrew

duties in an assigned crew position for a specific aircraft, without regard for the unit’s operational

mission. The minimum requirement for BAQ status.

Launch and Recovery (L/R)—Term used to describe the operations pertaining to pre-takeoff,

takeoff, initial departure (before Gaining Handover), terminal area operations (after Losing

Handover), landing, and post-landing ground operations. This term is utilized for both automatic

and manual operations. When more specific requirements or situation is intended, LOS L/R or

SATCOM L/R will be used.

Launch and Recovery Element (LRE)—Personnel who are responsible for the launch, recovery

and ground support of the MQ-9. LRE is accomplished using a standard deployable cockpit, or a

modified cockpit equipped with the functionality of two Pilot/Sensor Operator (PSO) racks and

associated systems, a communications interface, and a GDT. Operations may entail LOS

operations for manual or automatic control.

Line of Sight Launch and Recovery (LOS L/R)—Term used predominately to describe the

traditional LRE model for launch and recovery with LOS. This term is generally synonymous

with LRE, but consideration must be given not to include ATLC (SATCOM or LOS) operations

with LOS L/R.

44 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

Mission Control Element (MCE)—A cockpit (usually geographically separated from LRE)

responsible for taking an MQ-9 from Ku ground handover for automatic takeoff (if applicable), or

from an LRE following manual takeoff, executing the mission, and then handing the MQ-9 back

to the LRE for manual recovery and landing, or automatic landing.

Mission Commander (MC)—A SQ/CC certified FL designated to lead large force employment

(see AFI 11-214) and joint/composite force missions.

Mission Currency—An identifier that exists to drive a 30-day clock to meet currency

requirements in Table 4.1 This Task ID is dual credited when logging either Mission Sortie or

Sim Mission Sortie Task IDs.

Mission Qualification Training (MQT)—Training required to achieve a basic level of

competence in unit’s primary tasked missions. Prerequisite for CMR(MR) or BMC.

Mission Sortie—A live flight mission flown in training or operational missions. Mission Sortie

is updated with Msn Sortie Task Identification (ID). Log Mission Sorties on training or operational

missions. Mission Sortie is combined with Sim Mission for recurring currency requirement per

Table 4.1 Aircrew members may dual credit Msn Sortie Task ID with any type of sortie flown

IAW MAJCOM-specific RTM. Instructors/evaluators get credit a mission sortie, only if they

actively control the aircraft (pilots) or sensor operator controls (sensor operators) for a portion of

the sortie.

Proficiency—Demonstrated ability to accomplish tasked event expediently, safely and accurately.

For purposes of this manual, proficiency requires currency in the event, if applicable.

Satellite Communications Launch and Recovery (SATCOM L/R)—Launch and Recovery

operations over SATCOM controlled with ATLC. SATCOM L/R used only in MCE context.

Simulator Mission Sortie—A simulator mission flown is updated with Sim Msn Task ID.

Simulator Mission is combined with Mission Sortie for recurring currency requirement per Table

4.1 Aircrew members may dual credit Sim Mission Task ID with any type of simulator flown

IAW MAJCOM-specific RTM. Instructors/evaluators get credit a simulator mission only if

actively control the aircraft (pilots) or sensor operator controls (sensor operators) for a portion of

the simulator.

Situational Emergency Procedures Training (SEPT)—A discussion and review of

abnormal/EPs and aircraft systems operations/limitations based on realistic scenarios.

Specialized Training—Training in specialized tactics, weapons systems, or flight responsibilities

such as FL, instructor, FE. This training may be conducted in MQT or CT, as required.

Squadron Supervisor—Any of the following: SQ/CC, SQ/DO, Assistant Operations Officer

(ADO), flight commander or person specifically designated by the SQ/CC. Except for SQ/CC,

SQ/DO, and ADO, appointment must be endorsed by the OG/CC, and certification will be

documented on unit LoX. (AFSOC: N/A). (T-3)

Training Cycle—The RAP training cycle is aligned on an annual cycle from 1 October – 30

September. Units and individual aircrew will complete all training requirements within the training

cycle unless specifically excepted by this manual or MAJCOM/A3 guidance.

Weapons Delivery—Simulated or actual expenditure of munitions representing a typical combat

configuration or standard conventional load in a tactical scenario.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 45

46 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

Attachment 2

GLOSSARY OF MISSION/SORTIE AND EVENT DEFINITIONS

A2.1. General Definitions.

A2.1.1. Sortie. The operational nature of MQ-9 requires clarification of the term “sortie”

within the scope of this AFMAN. An MQ-9 flight is defined as initial takeoff until the full stop

landing. A sortie, for documenting events accomplished, is the portion of the flight in which

an individual aircrew member performs his or her assigned duties. For the purposes of this

instruction the terms mission and sortie are synonymous.

A2.1.2. Logging Sorties. Normally, aircrew members will not log more than one type of sortie

on a single flight, unless:

A2.1.2.1. Specifically allowed in the sortie description (e.g., instructor sortie).

A2.1.2.2. An aircrew performs both MCE and LRE operations on the same sortie.

A2.1.2.3. An aircrew member is relieved by another aircrew member for the purpose of

accomplishing a sortie, and subsequently takes over the position again during the same

flight.

A2.1.3. LOS L/R Time. LOS L/R time is logged by an LOS L/R crewmember controlling a

Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) inside the terminal area while actively accomplishing launch

and recovery events using Line of Sight (LOS) communications for RPA control. The Launch

phase is as defined as the initiation of the Manual Takeoff checklists through the completion

of the Climb, Level Off, and Cruise checklist (LRE outbound). The Manual Landing phase is

defined as the initiation of the Descent checklist through the completion of the After Landing

checklist (LRE inbound). Crewmembers performing Touch and Go operations within the

terminal area can log LOS L/R time, but cannot log any Takeoff or Landing event unless they

performed said action.

A2.2. Specific Mission Sortie definitions. Unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions

apply to those flown either in live-flight or simulated environment. Aircrew members may dual

credit Msn Sortie Task ID with any type of sortie flown IAW MAJCOM-specific RTM. Aircrew

members may dual credit Sim MSN Task ID with any type of simulator flown IAW MAJCOM-

specific RTM.

A2.2.1. Air Interdiction (AI) Mission. Preplanned or immediate air operations conducted in

order to divert, disrupt, delay or destroy the enemy’s military potential before it can be brought

to bear effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives. See RTM for

expanded definition and critical skills set.

A2.2.2. Air Operations In Maritime Surface Warfare (AOMSW) Mission. Operations

conducted over water for the surveillance, reconnaissance, and the engagement of all hostile

surface threats. See RTM for expanded definition and critical skills set.

A2.2.3. CAS Mission. Operations designed to strike targets in close proximity to ground

forces in detailed coordination with ground parties while under positive control of a

JTAC/FAC to find, fix, track, target, engage, and assess static and mobile targets. See RTM

for expanded definition and critical skill sets.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 47

A2.2.4. Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) Mission. Operations conducted for the safe

recovery of isolated personnel (IP). See RTM for expanded definition and critical skill set.

A2.2.5. Commander Option Mission. A sortie/simulator that may be used to provide

individualized training based on proficiency and demonstrated performance. This

sortie/simulator may be allocated above the guidelines in the RTM for all mission types. The

intent is to use these missions as necessary throughout the training cycle, rather than allocating

them at the beginning of the training cycle.

A2.2.6. Contingency Operations Sortie. Sorties at a contingency location, or in support of real-

world operations. Units may use Contingency Operations Sorties for lookback purposes. RAP

events accomplished during sorties logged as Contingency Operations may be counted toward

training cycle RAP requirements if effective training per this instruction and the RTM/

MAJCOM-specific guidance was accomplished. Individual events flown during contingency

operations can be used to update currencies. Contingency Operations Sorties apply to live-fly

operations only. Contingency Operations Sorties are not logged as stand-alone task IDs, as the

digit of other IDs. See RTM section 5 for details.

A2.2.7. Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Mission. Operations with the

primary purpose of sensor utilization (Lynx SAR and MTS) to find, fix, and track targets of

interest which ultimately results in the targeting, engagement, and assessment of said targets.

See RTM for expanded definition and critical skills set.

A2.2.8. Offensive Counter-Air (OCA)-Attack Operations (AO). Different types of Offensive

Counter-Air (OCA) operations are used to achieve specific counter-air effects. Tasked units

normally have decentralized execution authority and are given significant latitude in the

detailed planning and coordination of the tasks. OCA efforts should be properly planned for,

directed, and integrated with other offensive operations. OCA operations, in addition to

supporting operations against adversary air and missile targets, support missions such as

strategic attack, air interdiction, and CAS. OCA-Attack Operations are intended to destroy,

disrupt, or degrade counter-air targets on the ground and may be accomplished through kinetic

or non-kinetic actions. See RTM for expanded definition and critical skills set.

A2.2.9. Pattern Proficiency Sortie (PPS) (only required for LOS LRE-qualified crews). A

PPS is a live-fly mission to practice instrument, transition, traffic patterns, and EPs. A PPS

can be logged at the discretion of the aircrew when sufficient training has been accomplished.

A PPS should be briefed as a standard alternate mission whenever possible. A single PPS may

be accomplished over the course of either 2 or 3 sorties if unable to accomplish all tasks on a

single PPS. PPS with tasks spanning multiple days are logged on the day of the final task

completion. As reference, a PPS consists of the following: Review of CAPs, MTS (EO or IR)

and nose camera (EO or IR) touch and go/landing(s), automatic takeoff and landing (if

applicable), SFO(s), Go-arounds(s).

A2.2.10. Strike Coordination and Reconnaissance (SCAR) Mission. During counterland

operations, perform kinetic strike against pre-assigned or ad hoc target(s), act as the SCAR,

reconnaissance, or attack platform utilizing airspace control. See RTM for expanded definition

and critical skills set.

A2.3. Events. Some events may be defined in the core of this instruction above (example, CT

ground training, paragraph 4.2), or in the remainder of this Attachment. Unless otherwise

48 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

specified in these event descriptions, units determine the necessary parameters for fulfilling and/or

logging tasked events. An event is defined in one of the following manners:

A2.3.1. Accomplishment of a specific training element, function, or task.

A2.3.2. A specific type of weapon delivery performed during a mission, defined by aircraft

flight path, ordnance delivered, delivery method, or target struck.

A2.3.3. Expending ordnance, or simulated attack where allowed, against a target according to

predetermined flight path parameters and delivery methods. A single delivery constitutes an

event.

A2.4. Tactical/Basic Skills Events. The following is an alphabetical listing of events to be used

for fulfilling tasked requirements. In the absence of guidance, units determine the content of tasked

events and how often they may be logged.

A2.4.1. Aircraft Handling Characteristics (AHC). Basic flying skills event. Training for

proficiency in utilization and exploitation of the aircraft flight envelope, consistent with

operational and safety constraints. Credit an AHC event only if the pilot maneuvers the aircraft

with all hold modes disabled.

A2.4.2. Armed Reconnaissance/Overwatch. Scenarios involving scanning a route ahead of a

planned ground movement conducting improvised explosive device sweeps or providing

coverage on a target area prior to a raid by ground forces and/or providing cover for a maneuver

unit while providing immediate to the ground force commander through full motion video.

This includes convoy escorts TTPs, force protection/base defense missions, or providing

coverage on a target area prior to a raid by ground forces.

A2.4.3. Buddy Lase Procedures. Practice tactical target lock-ons for strike assets equipped

with laser guided munitions using laser operational terminology and procedures to include:

striker rendezvous and briefing, establishment of safe observation position, target plotting,

identification, actual or simulated marking, and fire coordination.

A2.4.4. Degraded/Denied Comm. Inflight or simulated operations in a Comm jamming

environment that provides realistic effects (intervals and duration) without use of active anti-

jam radios and/or effective chattermark procedures to counter jamming.

A2.4.5. Degraded/Denied Datalink. Inflight or simulated operations with degraded or denied

datalink (including command/control links). Log only one event per sortie. In the absence of

systems capable of degrading or denying datalink, the event may be logged if talking through

the expected symptoms and responding TTPs.

A2.4.6. Degraded/Denied GPS. Inflight or simulated operations with degraded or denied GPS

which impacts navigation and/or weapons capability at a minimum. In the absence of actual

systems capable of degrading or denying GPS, the effects may be generated by selecting a non-

GPS navigational aid or turning GPS OFF, or by talking through the expected symptoms and

responding TTPs.

A2.4.7. Handover Procedures. Accomplish all applicable checklists and procedures involved

with successfully transferring an aircraft from one control station to another. May be

accomplished in ATD; requires one crew to act as MCE and second crew to act as LRE if using

local area network connectivity or requires accurate reproduction of handover events by

someone controlling the ATD (if the ATD supports those functions).

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 49

A2.4.7.1. Gaining Handover. Accomplish all applicable gaining handover checklists and

successfully take control of an airborne or parked aircraft from another control station.

This can be accomplished as an MCE crew or LRE crew and link type does not matter.

A2.4.7.2. Losing Handover. Accomplish all applicable losing handover checklists and

successfully transfer control of an airborne or parked aircraft to another control station.

This can be accomplished as an MCE crew or LRE crew and link type does not matter.

A2.4.8. Instructor Event. An event logged by an instructor when performing instructor duties

during a sortie, or any portion thereof. The instructor qualification is required for the mission

itself or any mission element. Examples include upgrade sorties, updating lost currencies,

difference training, etc. Evaluators log this event on evaluation sorties. Weapons Instructor

Course (WIC) students log this event for all WIC syllabus directed rides. Logging this event

updates instructor currency. Maximum of one event may be logged per sortie.

A2.4.9. Infrared Pointer Mark. Illuminate target with IR pointer using any/all modes of the

Laser Target Marker.

A2.4.10. Joint Force Training. Scenarios employing integrated ground, aerospace, land,

and/or naval forces from other services. Maximum of one event may be logged per sortie.

A2.4.11. Ku Target Tracking/Imaging. Using Ku in-flight as the sensor datalink, acquire and

track mobile or fixed targets applying proper search and acquisition techniques. Perform target

area analysis and acquire and hold the tasked target in the field of view long enough to perform

initial target evaluation using optimum magnification. Maximum of one event may be logged

per sortie.

A2.4.12. Landing. Accomplish the Before Landing checklists and accomplish a full- stop or

touch-and-go landing (automatic or manual).

A2.4.12.1. Nose Camera Landing. Accomplish a landing using the nose Day TV (DTV)

or nose IR camera.

A2.4.12.2. MTS Landing. A landing accomplished using the MTS DTV or MTS IR

camera.

A2.4.12.3. Automatic Landing. A landing conducted with ATLC performed by either an

LOS L/R or MCE L/R crew.

A2.4.12.4. Manual Landing. A landing conducted under LOS operations without ATLC.

A2.4.13. Laser Spot Search and Track (LSS/T). Provide a laser designation for advanced

targeting pod acquisition and subsequent confirmation of proper target.

A2.4.14. Laser Target Marking. Acquire and track mobile or fixed target. Illuminate,

simulate illumination if range rules preclude illumination, and hold tasked target in support of

actual or simulated tactical weapon delivery or tactical operations.

A2.4.15. Live JTAC Controlled Event. An event conducted to employ live/inert or simulated

ordnance against a ground target under the control of a live JTAC.

A2.4.16. Moving Target Attack. Engage and employ ordnance against a target in motion, and

accomplish In Flight Report (INFLTREP). The target should be a wheeled or tracked vehicle

in transit and should remain moving throughout the engagement. Engagement may be an

50 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

actual or simulated combat flight environment. Ordnance delivery may be actual or simulated

against actual or simulated targets. Note: During instruction or evaluation, subtasks of

Moving Target Attack are accomplished to the satisfaction of the instructor or evaluator.

A2.4.17. Moving Target Tracking. Acquire and track a mobile target, holding target for a

minimum of 60 seconds. During training or evaluation, the tracking is accomplished to the

satisfaction of the instructor or evaluator.

A2.4.18. Synthetic Aperture RADAR Ground Moving Target Indicator (SAR GMTI).

Scenarios requiring employment of Lynx SAR to meet mission objectives.

A2.4.19. Secure Voice. Requires proper radio configuration for secure voice operation (e.g.,

KY-100) and successful utilization during tactical mission accomplishment. Maximum of one

event may be logged per sortie.

A2.4.20. SFO. An emergency pattern accomplished in response to simulated engine failure as

described in the flight manual.

A2.4.20.1. SFO Overhead Approach. An SFO approach utilizing Technical Order and

AFTTP 3-3.MQ-9 indicated key positions, starting from high key.

A2.4.20.2. SFO Random Approach. An SFO approach utilizing an entry from other than

high-key, to facilitate energy management techniques from other than a pre-established

overhead approach. An SFO flown as a straight-in constitutes a random approach.

A2.4.21. Supervised EP Simulator. Practice in-flight EPs and maintain proficiency in

applying aircraft general knowledge to abnormal situations. Specific Mission Tasks: Unusual

attitude recoveries, spatial disorientation, inadvertent weather entry, controlled flight departure

recognition and recovery procedures, CAPs, aircraft subsystem failure checklist procedures,

in-flight EPs, and instrument procedures. LR qualified crews practice emergencies at low-

altitude (< 5,000 feet Above Ground Level).

A2.4.22. Takeoff. Accomplish actual takeoff to include Takeoff checklists and associated

procedures.

A2.4.22.1. Automatic Takeoff. A takeoff using ATLC conducted by either MCE L/R or

LOS L/R crews.

A2.4.22.2. Manual Takeoff. A takeoff using LOS operations without ATLC.

A2.4.23. Target Talk-on. Convey validated target information to an attacking aircraft and

confirm positive target ID. A Talk-on includes visual identification/confirmation of the target

from attacking aircraft crew.

A2.4.24. Time Sensitive Target (TST) Event. Perform a tactical weapons delivery (actual or

simulated) against an unplanned, highly lucrative target or target of opportunity requiring

immediate response. The attacking aircraft should receive target data/description and

clearance from an appropriate C2 asset. Coordination with actual or simulated air controlling

assets, fire control assets, assets commonly coordinated with in DOC statement, or a simulation

thereof is required. Scenarios should include standard fire support control measures utilizing

standard brevity for clearance of fires. Data/description can be via datalink or normal radio

communications. Although the target is unplanned, the event and procedures must be

thoroughly briefed.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 51

A2.4.25. Verification. Procedure aimed at verifying and refreshing crewmember tactical

employment knowledge, executing DOC-tasked missions. Conduct verification in both initial

and follow-on phases. Initial verification phase is a formal board convened to verify individual

crewmember knowledge. CT is to reinforce, refresh, and update crewmembers on unit wartime

mission, tasking, tactics, and procedures.

A2.5. Weapons Delivery Event. A delivery event defined as a pass at a target on which ordnance

is expended, or simulated, and meets the criteria defining a specific weapon delivery. The event

includes target acquisition followed by the actual or simulated laser designation (self or buddy),

weapons release, and weapon impact; ending with a tactical escape maneuver for the ordnance

being delivered (or simulated). These delivery events are used to update weapons qualifications

and currencies. Weapon events are defined in Chapter 5. Ensure all deliveries are recorded for

debrief, but not necessarily “recorded” for events tracking. Weapons delivery events fall into two

categories:

A2.5.1. Non-Record. Basic or Tactical weapons delivery accomplishments not credited

toward weapons qualification provided the aircrew declares non-record prior to beginning

event.

A2.5.2. Record. Conventional delivery scored for individual weapons qualification. Scoring

shall be accomplished by ground, air, or recorded scoring, as appropriate. A maximum of two

record deliveries may be accomplished during a sortie from a single run-in heading. Additional

record deliveries may be accomplished from headings differing by at least 90 degrees or on

different targets/ranges and may not be preceded by non-record deliveries in the event on the

same sortie. The first two deliveries are considered record unless otherwise declared prior to

the roll-in to final. Scores are documented by circular error probable and clock position.

Recorded deliveries count towards FAM and QUAL requirements in Chapter 5.

A2.6. Miscellaneous Weapons Delivery Definitions and Descriptions.

A2.6.1. Dry Pass. Weapons delivery pass during which no ordnance is expended. Such dry

passes prior to completion of record deliveries in an event are charged to the aircrew as gross

error unless pass was dry because of safety interests, system malfunctions, basic delivery

requirements, or directed for flight integrity purposes.

A2.6.2. Foul. A penalty directed to a specific aircraft and crew for actions inconsistent with

established procedures or safety considerations. A foul results in a gross error for that delivery.

Do not substitute verbal warnings for fouls. A second foul or any dangerous pass results in

mandatory expulsion from any further deliveries during that mission and a gross error score

for the event. Foul are charged IAW flying directive publications.

A2.6.3. Full Scale Weapons Delivery. Delivery of live or inert ordnance in a combat

configuration. Also known as live-fire.

A2.6.4. Gross Error. A penalty score or miss assigned to an aircrew's records when a weapons

delivery attempt results in: munitions impact outside the range scoring capability, a chargeable

dry pass, a foul, an unintentional release, or exceeding tactical delivery time on final

requirements.

A2.6.5. Hit. Any munitions impact within the weapons criteria established for that event.

52 AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023

A2.6.6. Single/Multiple Release. One or more weapons released against the same target on a

single pass.

A2.6.7. Intentional. The aircrew must advise the range officer prior to delivery and designate

which impact to be scored.

A2.6.8. Inadvertent. Ordnance which has released without command by the aircrew. Impact

is not scored.

A2.6.9. System Malfunction. An undeclared multiple release caused by a verified system

malfunction. Score is void after system malfunction verification, otherwise, unintentional

rules apply.

A2.6.10. Unintentional. Ordnance released due to aircrew error are scored as gross error

regardless of impact point.

A2.6.11. No Spot. A weapons release during which no impact was observed. In the event the

instructor/evaluator (if no instructor/evaluator present, PIC) believes the No Spot is due to

ordnance malfunction upon impact, no score or error is assigned. In the event the No Spot was

due to crew error, delivery results in Gross Error.

A2.6.12. Void Delivery. Weapons delivery not successfully completed due to: a documented

and verified weapons system malfunction, pass aborted for safety, No Spot, or circumstances

beyond the control of the aircrew.

A2.7. Operations Supervisor Event. A log-able event for tracking operations supervisor tours,

if used. Currency requirements for Operations Supervisors do not exist in the parent instruction,

but may apply in the unit supplement per Chapter 7 of AFI 11-418.

AFMAN11-2MQ-9V1 12 JANUARY 2023 53

Attachment 3

SAMPLE VERIFICATION GUIDE BRIEFING OUTLINE

A3.1. Overview.

A3.1.1. Introduction (participants and briefing classification).

A3.1.2. Mission overview.

A3.1.3. Status of friendly forces (ground, air, and support).

A3.2. Area of Operations.

A3.2.1. Geography (topography, population centers, lines of communications, chokepoints,

natural obstacles, and major visual identification points).

A3.2.2. Climatology (effects on ground troop movements and in-flight operations).

A3.2.3. Operating base (location, facilities, procedural constraints, strengths, and limitations).

A3.3. Status of Enemy Forces.

A3.3.1. Ground forces and accompanying air defense threats such as: surface-to-air missiles;

antiaircraft artillery; electronic combat; and interference, jamming, and intrusion capabilities.

Include strengths and weaknesses for all previously listed items.

A3.3.2. Airborne forces (numbers, locations, capabilities, and tactics).

A3.4. Mission Employment Briefing.

A3.4.1. Ground operations.

A3.4.2. Departure (weather contingencies and options).

A3.4.3. Route of flight (threat analysis, alternatives, fuel requirements, decision points).

A3.4.4. Target descriptions and EEIs (mission data card and tactics).

A3.4.5. Weapons employment (target data, attack parameters, load, fusing, suitability,

delivery modes, backups, and egress plan).

A3.4.6. Lost Link procedures and emergency airfield plan.

A3.4.7. Airspace coordination plan