Taylor’s Libraries
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IN-TEXT CITATIONS
• HARVARD uses the ‘author-date’ style of referencing.
• In-text references (generally) appear in the following format: (Author’s Surname, Year of Publication, Page Number (if required)).
Example: (Austen, 1813, p. 64).
Example: As written by Austen (1813, p.64) …
• If you are quoting directly using ideas from a specific page or pages of a work, you must include the page number(s) in your citations. Insert the abbreviation
p. then the page number. For multiple pages, use theabbreviation ‘pp.’ and include the full page range, i.e. ’pp.64-67’
• Page number(s) are only required when directly quoting from a text, or when referring to an idea or specific section of a larger work (e.g. a formula in an
article, or a paragraph or chapter in a book).
Note: When referring to an entire work that covers a single topic, a page number is not required.
Note: For multiple pages, use the abbreviation ‘pp.’ and the abbreviation ‘p.’ for singular page.
Example:
Harris (2008, p. 56) argued that ‘nursing staff …’
In a recent study (Evans, 2010), qualifications of school-leavers were analyzed …
Citing one to three authors
• When citing publications by up to three authors or editors, all are listed:
Example:
Urry (2013, p.206) mentioned that …
… (Hirst and Harrison, 2007)
… (Okumus, Altinay and Chatoth, 2010)
Recent educational research (Lewis and Jones, 2009) has shown that …
In a newly published survey Hill, Smith and Reid (2010, p. 93) argue that …
It has been found that ‘newly qualified teachers are more likely to become involved in extracurricular activities than their
longer serving colleagues’ (Hill, Smith and Reid, 2010, p. 142).
Citing four and more authors
• Cite the first author name listed in the work, followed by et al. For publications by more that three authors or editors, cite
the first name listed in the work followed by et al. (in italic).
Example: Communication masking is a rising issue … (Erbe et al., 2016).