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If authors have the same surname, alphabetize them according to their first initial.
Johnson, A. (2004).
Johnson, I. (2002).
If there are entries with identical authors, order them chronologically, earliest first.
Escalas, J. (n.d.).
Escalas, J. (2013).
Escalas, J. (2014).
Escalas, J. (in press).
If there are entries with identical authors published in the same year, organize them in the reference list alphabetically by the
title of the article or chapter. Then assign letter suffixes to the year (a, b, c, etc.).
Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age…
Berndt, T. J. (1981b). Effects…
Johnson, I. (in press-a). Publishing…
Johnson, I. (in press-b). United…
If different entries begin with the same author, entries that have only that one author come before entries with more than
one author.
Johnson, I. (2004).
Johnson, I., & Chen, C. (2000).
If different entries begin with the same author, alphabetize by the second author. If the second author is the same, use the
third, and so forth.
Berndt, T. J., Keefe, K., & Smith, A. (1995).
Berndt, T. J., Sharp, C., Burley. K. (Eds.). (2000).
Berndt, T. J., Sharp, C., Garcia, A., & Burley. K. (2001).
Berndt, T. J., Zwitter, B. (2000).
Referencing works by two different authors with the same surname and first name initial, include their full first name in
square brackets after the initials in the references list. This is applicable to first authors only:
Green, L. [Laura]. (2009). Morphology and literacy: Getting our heads in the game. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in
Schools, 40, 283–285. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2009/08-0091)
Green, L. [Leonard], & Myerson, J. (2013). How many impulsivities? A discounting perspective. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 99, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.1
Add space between different initials (exception: hyphenated names, in such cases use a hyphen).
Pavlik, J. P., Dennis, E. D.-B., Mersey R., & Gengler, R.
Erdal, I.-V., Kjetil, O., & Westlund, O. A.
After colon (:) and em-dash (—) always use uppercase.
Optimizing content with A/B headline testing: Changing newsroom practices. Media and Communication, 7(2), 3-15.
Conducting research on the world’s changing mediascape—Principles and practices. London: Sage.
Do not use acronyms/abbreviations of organization that are authors in the final references list, use only the full version of the
name (exception: if in the text only the acronym is used, then use it as well in the final references list). There is always a full
stop at the end of the name of the organization.
European Association for International Education. (2014).
International Organization for Migration. (2018).
The capitalization of surnames beginning with a particle (e.g., de, d’, van, or von) depends on the origin of the name (usually,
Dutch names with lower case, Belgian/Flemish names with upper case). Always confirm in the author’s institutional page.
Barnard, R., de Luca, R., & Li, J. (2015).