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The Code offers a set of values, principles, and standards to guide decision making and conduct when ethical issues arise. It
does not provide a set of rules that prescribe how social workers should act in all situations. Specific applications of the Code must
take into account the context in which it is being considered and the possibility of conflicts among the Code's values, principles, and
standards. Ethical responsibilities flow from all human relationships, from the personal and familial to the social and professional.
Further, the NASW Code of Ethics does not specify which values, principles, and standards are most important and ought to
outweigh others in instances when they conflict. Reasonable differences of opinion can and do exist among social workers with respect
to the ways in which values, ethical principles, and ethical standards should be rank ordered when they conflict. Ethical decision making
in a given situation must apply the informed judgment of the individual social worker and should also consider how the issues would be
judged in a peer review process where the ethical standards of the profession would be applied.
Ethical decision-making is a process. In situations when conflicting obligations arise, social workers may be faced with complex
ethical dilemmas that have no simple answers. Social workers should take into consideration all the values, principles, and standards in
this Code that are relevant to any situation in which ethical judgment is warranted. Social workers' decisions and actions should be
consistent with the spirit as well as the letter of this Code.
In addition to this Code, there are many other sources of information about ethical thinking that may be useful. Social workers
should consider ethical theory and principles generally, social work theory and research, laws, regulations, agency policies, and other
relevant codes of ethics, recognizing that among codes of ethics social workers should consider the NASW Code of Ethics as their
primary source. Social workers also should be aware of the impact on ethical decision making of their clients' and their own personal
values and cultural and religious beliefs and practices. They should be aware of any conflicts between personal and professional values
and deal with them responsibly. For additional guidance social workers should consult the relevant literature on professional ethics
and ethical decision making and seek appropriate consultation when faced with ethical dilemmas. This may involve consultation with
an agency-based or social work organization's ethics committee, a regulatory body, knowledgeable colleagues, supervisors, or legal
counsel.
Instances may arise when social worker's ethical obligations conflict with agency policies or relevant laws or regulations. When
such conflicts occur, social workers must make a responsible effort to resolve the conflict in a manner that is consistent with the values,
principles, and standards expressed in this Code. If a reasonable resolution of the conflict does not appear possible, social workers
should seek proper consultation before making a decision.
The NASW Code of Ethics is to be used by NASW and by individuals, agencies, organizations, and bodies (such as licensing and
regulatory boards, professional liability insurance providers, courts of law, and agency boards of directors, government agencies, and
other professional groups) that choose to adopt it or use it as a form of reference. Violation of standards in this Code does not
automatically imply legal liability or violation of the law. Such determination can only be made in the context of legal and judicial
proceedings. Alleged violations of the Code would be subject to a peer review process. Such processes are generally separate from
legal or administrative procedures and insulated from legal review or proceedings to allow the profession to counsel and discipline its
own members.
A code of ethics cannot guarantee ethical behavior. Moreover, a code of ethics cannot resolve all ethical issues or disputes or
capture the richness and complexity involved in striving to make responsible choices within a moral community. Rather, a code of
ethics sets forth values, ethical principles, and ethical standards to which professionals aspire and by which their actions can be judged.
Social workers' ethical behavior should result from their personal commitment to engage in ethical practice. The NASW Code of Ethics
reflects the commitment of all social workers to uphold the profession's values and to act ethically. Principles and standards must be
applied by individuals of good character who discern moral questions and, in good faith, seek to make reliable ethical judgments.
With growth in the use of communication technology in various aspects of social work practice, social workers need to be aware
of the unique challenges that may arise in relation to the maintenance of confidentiality, informed consent, professional boundaries,
professional competence, record keeping, and other ethical considerations. In general, all ethical standards in this Code of Ethics are
applicable to interactions, relationships, or communications, whether they occur in person or with the use of technology. For the
purposes of this Code, “technology-assisted social work services” include any social work services that involve the use of computers,
mobile or landline telephones, tablets, video technology, or other electronic or digital technologies; this includes the use of various
electronic or digital platforms, such as the Internet, online social media, chat rooms, text messaging, e-mail, and emerging digital
applications. Technology-assisted social work services encompass all aspects of social work practice, including psychotherapy;
individual, family, or group counseling; community organization; administration; advocacy; mediation; education; supervision;
research; evaluation; and other social work services. Social workers should keep apprised of emerging technological developments that
may be used in social work practice and how various ethical standards apply to them.
Professional self-care is paramount for competent and ethical social work practice. Professional demands, challenging workplace
climates, and exposure to trauma warrant that social workers maintain personal and professional health, safety, and integrity. Social
work organizations, agencies, and educational institutions are encouraged to promote organizational policies, practices, and materials
to support social workers’ self-care. (Revision Effective 6/1/2021)